AnnouncementsClosed toe shoes or booties for this lab!!LLELA field data Return Labs and dust bowl papersMini Paper on Dead Zone Due next week Oct 21

Question #3 on Page #71 Next Week Movie and LLELA reviewNext Quiz October 28th

Land Use & Resource Management, Soil, Water Quality, WWTP Trip, Estrogen Effect movie (Assault on the Male)

Water Quality and Pollution

Land 25%

Water 75%

Ocean97.3%

Fresh Water2.5%

Water Distribution

Lakes52%Soil Moisture

38%

Water vapor-Atmosphere8%

Rivers1%

Living Organisms1%

Glaciers and Ice caps79%

Aquifers20%

Surface

1%

Water distribution cont’d..

Fig: Hydrologic Cycle

Uneven distribution of water across EarthPopulation densityRenewabilitySustainabilityWater scarcityWater quantity and qualityCommunicable diseasesEutrophication

Water Issues and Challenges

Types of water pollution

Point Sources:•Pollution come from single location, eg: municipal WWTP discharge, pipe, ditch, factory•Easy to identify.

Non-point Sources:•Pollution come from multiple sites over large areas, eg: pesticides, fertilizer runoff from farms, oil from city streets, forest runoff etc.•Difficult to identify.

Eutrophication:

Water Quality AnalysisSafe Drinking Water Act, 1974EPA sets standards for 90 contaminants

Water Quality StandardsPrimary standards: legally enforceable and aim to

protect public health by limiting the level of the contaminant in drinking water.

Secondary standards: are NOT legally enforceable.

Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in

drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level Goal(MCLG):

The level of contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected health risk

Important!!!

Physico-chemical Parameters

Turbidity: cloudiness (NTU=Nepholometric Turbidity Unit)Nitrates: fertilizer, runoff, death to infant, 10mg/LIron: toxic to humans, 0.3mg/LPhosphorous: not currently regulated by EPA, fertilizer, sewageCopper: gastrointestinal problem, 1.3mg/LAmmonia: not currently regulated by EPA; toxic to aquatic organisms, 0.02mg/LSilica: not currently regulated by EPA, rocks, diatom cellsSulfide: not currently regulated by EPA, coal, oil, acidChlorine: disinfectant, irritations, stomach discomfort,4 mg/LCynide: steel, metal, plastic, fertilizer factories, nerve and

thyroid, 0.2mg/LChromium: steel, pulp mills, allergic dermatitis, 0.1mg/LpH: natural water 6-8

Table 1: Summary of Basic Water Quality Parameters (+/-)

Treatment Temperature (0C)

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)

Heated Pond water

Room Temperature Pond Water

Cold Pond Water

Heated Pond Water with Fertilizer

Room Temperature Pond Water with Fertilizer

Cold Pond Water with Fertilizer

Table 2: Summary Results for Dissolved Oxygen Levels (mg/L)

SAFETY

HypothesisH1: The aquarium with cold water and no

fertilizer will have a different level of dissolved oxygen compared to the other treatments.

H0:  The aquarium with cold water and no fertilizer will NOT have a different level of dissolved oxygen compared to the other treatments.