annotated bibliography boston globe, july 9, 1916 , newspaper....
TRANSCRIPT
Kusnowo and Parise 1
Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
“American Led Irish Rebels.” Boston Globe, July 9, 1916, Newspaper. Photograph. Web.
newspaperarchive.com/boston-globe-jul-09-1916-p-80/. Accessed 6 May 2018.
This image from a newspaper article is used in “Éamon de Valera’s Excuse” to emphasize how
his excuse from his death sentences was because of his US citizenship. This image also helps
show his international impact by including a source from US newspapers.
An Act for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland. 1800. UK Parliament. Photograph. Web.
parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parlia
mentandireland/collections/ireland/act-of-union-1800/. Accessed 22 January 2018.
This image is of the Act of Union 1800. The image’s credibility is highlighted by the fact that
the image is from the British Parliament. This image is used in our “Historical Context” portion
website where we discuss the Act of Union 1801.
“An Claidheamh Soluis.” Conradh Na Gaeilge, Web.
cnag.ie/en/2016-commemoration/an-claidheamh-soluis-online.html. Accessed 7
February 2018.
These primary documents of the newspapers were processed during the time of the Easter
Rising. These newspapers were significant in expanding our knowledge and understanding of
the Irish Citizens and the Irish Volunteers.
Kusnowo and Parise 2
“Anglo-Irish Treaty – 6 December 1921 (Page 1) | Treaty.” National Archives, 6 December
1921. Photograph. Web.
treaty.nationalarchives.ie/document-gallery/anglo-irish-treaty-6-december-1921/ang
lo-irish-treaty-6-december-1921-page-1/. Accessed 4 February 2018.
This image is of the official Anglo-Irish Treaty, which was the treaty of the Irish War of
Independence. This image can be found under our “Short-Term Influence” section of our
website, and helped us understand the effects of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on Irish independence.
“A Gaelic League Leaflet Sets out Its Aims and Objectives.” Douglas Hyde
Denounces Use of Gaelic League for Political Purposes, RTÉ Archives, Dublin, 7 July
2013, Photograph. Web.
rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/douglas-hyde-denounces-use-of-gaelic-league-fo
r-political-purposes. Accessed 6 May 2018.
This image of a Gaelic League leaflet explains the motives and objectives of the Gaelic League,
and this leaflet helped us understand what the Gaelic League’s overall purpose was. This image
is utilized in our “Historical Context” page under “Gaelic League”.
“A Proclamation Issued by General Friend Who Was in England When the Rising Broke
Out.” National Library of Ireland - 1916 Exhibition, Dublin, 26 Apr. 1916, Photograph.
Web.nli.ie/1916/exhibition/en/content/rising/26april/. Accessed 8 May 2018.
This image is of the martial law imposed on Ireland during the Easter Rising. This image is
used on our “Tuesday - Friday” page of our website. This image helps illustrate how the martial
law affected the citizens of Ireland during the Rising.
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“Attack on the Police by the People Under William Smith O'Brien in Ballingarry, County
Tipperary, Ireland in 1848.” Young Ireland: How Its Writing of Irish History Led to the
Making of History, 29 Apr. 2015, Photograph. Web.
irishtimes.com/culture/books/young-ireland-how-its-writing-of-irish-history-led-to-the-
making-of-history-1.2193301. Accessed 6 May 2018.
This image of Irish civilians attacking the police in County Tipperary demonstrates the public
outrage of the Irish during the Irish Potato Famine. This image was utilized on the “Historical
Context” page under “Great Famine”.
Bettman, and Corbis. The Devastation on Sackville Street. 1916. Photograph. Accessed 11 May
2018.
This image of the Devastation on Sackville Street is used when we compare two images of
Sackville Street immediately following the Rising and today. This image helps illustrate the
damage that was done to Ireland during the Rising.
“British Soldiers at a Barricade during the Easter Rising.” Irish Film Institute-1916: The Irish
Rebellion, Dublin, 1916, Photograph. Web.
ifi.ie/film/1916-the-irish-rebellion/?_ga=2.38731370.8318926.1525906540-106289402
9.1525906540
This image shows British soldiers hiding behind different objects during the Easter Rising. This
source allows the viewer to visualize how the British fought during the Easter Rising and what
items from their surroundings they used to aid them fight. This image was utilized in our
“Tuesday-Friday” page under “Tuesday”.
Carey, Colm. Eamonn Ceannt. 1916. Easter 1916, Photograph. Web.
easter1916.ie/index.php/people/a-z/eamonn-ceannt/. Accessed 2 February 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 4
This image of Eamonn Ceannt, one of the signers of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic,
was utilized in our website under the subheading “Death Sentences.” In addition to this, we
were able to understand the effect of Eamonn Ceannt on the plotting of Easter Rising.
Carey, Colm. Pádraig Pearse. 1916. Easter 1916, Photograph. Web.
easter1916.ie/index.php/people/signatories/p-h-pearse/.
historyhub.ie/wp-content/files_mf/1411636702FTASeptember2014.pdf. Accessed 2
February 2018.
This image of Patrick Pearse, one of the signers of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic, was
utilized in our website under the subheading “Death Sentences.” In addition to this, we were
able to understand the effect of Patrick Pearse on the plotting of Easter Rising.
Carey, Colm. Seán Mac Diarmada. 1916. Easter 1916, Photograph. Web.
easter1916.ie/index.php/people/signatories/sean-mac-diarmada/. Accessed 2 February
2018.
This image of Seán MacDermott, one of the signers of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic,
was utilized in our website under the subheading “Death Sentences.” In addition to this, we
were able to understand the effect of Seán MacDermott on the plotting of Easter Rising.
Carey, Colm. Thomas MacDonagh. 1916. Easter 1916, Photograph. Web.
easter1916.ie/index.php/people/a-z/thomas-macdonagh/. Accessed 2 February 2018.
This image of Thomas MacDonagh, one of the signers of the Proclamation of the Irish
Republic, was utilized in our website under the subheading “Death Sentences.” In addition to
this, we were able to understand the effect of Thomas MacDonagh on the plotting of Easter
Rising.
Kusnowo and Parise 5
Cnag. “An Claidheamh Soluis: Eanáir-Meitheamh 1914.” Issuu, Photograph. Web.
issuu.com/cnag/docs/1914a. Accessed 7 February 2018.
This image granted us primary documents of the newspapers during the time of the rising and
primary quotes and interviews from witnesses of the violence going on during the violence. We
used various images from the “An Claidheamh Soluis” to portray an image of what life was
like during the uprising.
Cnag. “An Claidheamh Soluis: Iúil-Nollaig 1913.” Issuu, Photograph. Web.
issuu.com/cnag/docs/1913b. Accessed 7 February 2018.
This image provides us with primary documents of a newspaper that inspired the Irish Citizen
Army. The newspaper has an article titled ‘The North Began,’ and a snippet of this article is
found in our “Conflict: Easter Rising” page.
Crowds Outside a Government Depot in Cork, Ireland, Where Indian Corn is Being Sold by the
British Government. 1846, Dublin, Ireland. Hulton Archives. Photograph. Web.
irishtimes.com/news/science/great-famine-victims-teeth-contain-evidence-of-starvation-
1.2752045. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This image shows how violent Irish civilians were in trying to fulfill their own individual needs
during the Irish Potato Famine; this violence further highlights how poor the British’s methods
of support for the Irish was. This image is utilized in our “Historical Context” page.
“De Valera with Supporters.” Judging Dev: A Reassessment of the Life and Legacy of Éamon
De Valera, RIA, Dublin, 2007. Photograph. Print. Accessed 9 May 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 6
This image of “De Valera with Supporters” shows an introduction to the “Short-Term
Influence” section of our website. Because of this, this image is utilized on our “ The Impact”
page to allow the reader to see what the section is going to be about.
“"Diary of Principal Events," in The "Sinn Fein" Revolt Illustrated,” KU Libraries Exhibits,
Web. exhibits.lib.ku.edu/items/show/6889. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This particular page in the KU Libraries Exhibits provided us a primary timeline of the series of
events that happened during the Rising, in which we included some quotes to explain the series
of events that happened during the Rising. These events were recorded in a witness’ journal,
making this source primary.
Doughty, Walter. Manning the Barricades During the Easter Rising. 1916, Dublin, Ireland.
Photograph. Accessed 8 March 2018.
This image is the banner image for our “Home” page. The image was taken by the first ever
Manchester Guardian photographer, Walter Doughty. This image highlights the main conflict
of the Easter Rising.
Dublin in April 1916, Osteraufstand - Britische Soldaten Führen Gefangene ab. 1916, Dublin,
Ireland. Photograph. Accessed 11 March 2018.
This photograph by an unknown author provided us an image of Dublin in Easter of 1916 that
we used in our “Tuesday - Friday” page to give our readers a sense of the conflict.
“Éamon De Valera in Custody After the Easter Rising.” Éamon De Valera to Run for Vacant
East Clare Seat, RTÉ Archives, Dublin, 1916, Photograph. Web.
rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/eamon-de-valera-to-run-for-vacant-east-clar
E-seat. Accessed 6 May 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 7
This photograph of Éamon de Valera getting taken into custody is the banner image for the
“Éamon de Valera’s Excuse” page under “Compromise”. This image gives the viewer a
visualization of what Éamon de Valera’s arrest was like.
“Easter 1916: Rebellion and Memory in Ireland.” Omeka RSS, Photograph. Web.
exhibits.lib.ku.edu/exhibits/show/easter-1916/first-dail-eireann. Accessed 1 February
2018.
This image that Éamon de Valera used for his campaign during the Irish General Election of
1918 is utilized in our “Short-Term Influence” section. This image helps the reader understand
de Valera’s campaign and his motives towards obtaining Irish independence.
Ferriter, Diarmaid. Judging Dev a Reassessment of the Life and Legacy of Eamon De Valera.
Royal Irish Academy, 2007. Print. Accessed 15 March 2018.
This book by Diarmaid Ferriter showed us the impact of Éamon de Valera on Irish history. This
book also provides various primary documents, images and quotes from Éamon de Valera
himself that we utilized in our website.
Ferriter, Diarmaid. “Letter from Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, 18 June 1948. De
Valera Visited India in 1948 as Part of His Anti-Partition Tour.” Judging Dev: A
Reassessment of the Life and Legacy of Éamon De Valera, Royal Irish Academy,
Dublin, 18 June 2007. Photograph. Print. Accessed 10 May 2018.
This image of Jawaharlal Nehru’s letter to Éamon de Valera shows the connection between
Ireland’s independence movement and the Indian independence movement. This image is
utilized on our “Long-Term Legacy” page to show the legacy that the Easter Rising left for
other movements.
Kusnowo and Parise 8
Ferriter, Diarmaid. “Prime Minister Nehru and De Valera.” Judging Dev: a Reassessment of the
Life and Legacy of Eamon De Valera, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, June 2007.
Photograph. Print. Accessed 9 May 2018.
This image of De Valera with the Indian prime minister Nehru is used in our Impact page of
our website. This image will allow the reader to understand what will be mentioned in the
“Long-Term Legacy” page of our website.
“Funeral of O'Donovan Rossa, Graveside in Glasnevin Cemetery, St. James's Band, Crowds.”
National Library of Ireland Catalogue, Dublin, 1915, Photograph. Web.
catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000030816. Accessed 7 May 2018.
This image of Patrick Pearse at O’Donovan Rossa’s graveside oration is used on our “Conflict:
Easter Rising” page. This image shows how Patrick Pearse was motivated by fellow nationalist
O’Donovan Rossa in founding the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
“How the Rising Was Planned.” How the Rising Was Planned | Century Ireland, Photograph.
Web. rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/how-the-rising-was-planned. Accessed 28
January 2018.
This image of leaders working together was used in our website to show the plotting of the
Rising in secret. In addition to this, we were able to understand the effect of these leaders on
the plotting and execution of Easter Rising. We utilized this image in the “Tuesday - Friday”
page.
Hyde, Douglas. “The Necessity for De-Anglicizing Ireland.” Irish National Literary Society, 25
Nov. 1892, Dublin, Lecture/Speech. Web.
thefuture.ie/wp-content/uploads/1892/11/1892-11-25-The-Necessity-for-De-Anglicising
-Ireland.pdf. Accessed 17 April 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 9
This speech that was delivered by Douglas Hyde to the Irish National Literary Society in 1892,
highlighted Douglas Hyde and his perspectives towards revitalizing Irish culture and language.
This speech would influence many to support Douglas Hyde’s “De-Anglicizing Ireland
Movement” which would later be known as the Gaelic Revival League.
“Irish Volunteers Parading in Cork City on Saint Patrick’s Day, 1916.” Eoin MacNeill and the
Irish Volunteers, Dublin, 17 Mar. 1916, Photograph. Web.
nli.ie/1916/exhibition/en/content/stagesetters/force/eoinmacneill/. Accessed 12 May
2018.
This image of the Irish Volunteers is used on our “Conflict: Easter Rising” page to show the
size of the IVF. This image also illustrates who the IVF was and their contributions towards the
Rising.
“Irish Volunteers Return from Howth after Landing a Shipment of German Rifles in July,
1914.” 1914: The Howth Gun Running, Dublin, 26 July 1914, Photograph. Web.
museum.ie/Decorative-Arts-History/Exhibitions/Current-Exhibitions/Asgard/Arming-th
e-Volunteers. Accessed 7 May 2018.
This image of Irish Volunteers strapping ammunition to the bicycle handlebars is utilized in our
“Conflict: Easter Rising” page. This image shows the measures that the rebels were willing to
take to disguise and provide weapons for the rebel forces to succeed.
“Joseph Mary Plunkett from Dublin Was Based in the GPO during the Easter Rising.” Joseph
Plunkett | Century Ireland, Dublin, Photograph. Web.
rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/joseph-plunkett. Accessed 13 May 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 10
This image of Joseph Plunkett, a signatory of the Proclamation of an Irish Republic, shows
what he looked like in the 1900s. This image was utilized in our “Prelude to the Compromise”
page page under “Leaders’ Final Words”.
Keogh Brothers Ltd. “[Eoin MacNeill, Head and Shoulders Portrait].” Holdings: [Eoin
MacNeill, Head and Shoulders Portrait], Photograph. Web.
catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000030110. Accessed 18 April 2018.
This image of Eoin MacNeill during the Gaelic League Revival is utilized on our “Historical
Context” page. This image was taken before the Rising and aids us in connecting the Gaelic
Revival League and the Rising.
Linehan, Hugh. O'Connell Bridge, 100 Years After the Rising. Dublin, 18 Oct. 2016.
Photograph. Accessed 11 May 2018.
This image of O’Connell bridge 100 years after the Rising is used when we compared the
difference between O’Connell bridge immediately following the Rising and the image 100
years later. This image illustrates the damage that was done by the rebels and armed forces to
major places around Dublin.
Linehan, Hugh. Sackville Street, 100 Years After the Rising. Dublin, 23 Nov. 2016. Photograph.
Accessed 11 May 2018.
This image of Sackville Street 100 years after the Rising is used when comparing Sackville
Street after the Rising and today. This image helps illustrate the damage done to Ireland during
the Rising, and how much efforts were put into rebuilding Ireland after the Rising.
Kusnowo and Parise 11
“‘Manifesto of the Irish Volunteers’.” South Dublin Libraries'
Digital Archive, 1 Jan. 1970, Photograph. Web.
source.southdublinlibraries.ie/handle/10599/9706. Accessed 5 February 2018.
This image of the Manifesto of the Irish Volunteers from the South Dublin Libraries shows the
purpose of the Irish Volunteers. This document is also important in showing the motives for the
Rising, and why the Rising was deemed necessary.
“Men of the Irish Citizen Army.” Irish Citizen Army and Union Memorabilia, Dublin, 1916,
Photograph. Web.
1916.rte.ie/event/liberty-hall/irish-citizen-army-and-union-memorabilia/.
Accessed 8 May 2018.
This image of the Irish Citizen Army shows what the group was like during the Easter Rising.
In addition, this photograph will help the viewer visualize the Irish Citizen Army better. This
source is utilized in our “Conflict: Easter Rising” page.
Mitchell, Angus. “The War Diary of Roger Casement.” The Irish Times, The Irish Times, 29
Apr. 2016, Web.
irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/the-war-diary-of-roger-casement-1.2629321.
Accessed 1 February 2018.
This particular section in The Irish Times provided us with the primary documents of Roger
Casement’s war diary. This diary helped us understand Roger Casement’s role in Irish
nationalism, and his connection towards the Easter Rising.
“O'Connell Bridge and Street.” National Library of Ireland Catalogue, Dublin, 1916,
Photograph. Web. catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000235695. Accessed 11 May 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 12
This image of O’Connell bridge is used when we compare the images of O’Connell bridge after
the Rising and in 2016. This image helps illustrate the damage that was done during the Rising,
and how much repair had to be done after the Rising.
O’Reilly, Martin. Irish Volunteer Force Members Unloading Ammunition by Strapping Them
to the Bicycle Crossbars. 1915. The Rising: Ireland: Easter 1916, 2nd ed., by Fearghal
McGarry, Oxford University Press, p. 167. Photograph. Print.
Accessed 12 March 2018.
This photograph taken by Martin O’Reilly in 1915 showed the Irish Volunteer Force unloading
some ammunition for the Rising. This image allowed us to understand the lengths at which the
IVF were willing to take in order to make the Rising a success.
Pgraybil. “Irish Penal Law - Introduction.” University of Minnesota Law School, 16 Mar. 2017,
Web. law.umn.edu/library/irishlaw/intro. Accessed 12 December 2017.
This is an online version of the most significant Penal Laws, which deprived Catholics of
different rights in Ireland. The text in the website that lists the certain Penal Laws is
word-for-word of the original Penal Laws.
“Primary Sources on Succession to the Crown.” James Bowden, 11 June 2016, Web.
parliamentum.org/parliamentary-and-constitutional-documents/canada/primary-sources-
on-succession-to-the-crown/. Accessed 28 December 2017.
This section of “Primary Sources on Succession to the Crown” allowed us to understand and
quote various different sections of the Union with Ireland Act of 1800 to strengthen and
improve our credibility towards our website.
Kusnowo and Parise 13
“Proclamation of the Irish Republic, 24 April 1916.” CAIN: Proclamation of the Irish Republic,
24 April 1916, 1916, Photograph. Web.
cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/pir24416.htm. Accessed 11 May 2018.
This image is of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic, which is an icon in the Easter Rising.
This proclamation aided us in understanding the spirit of the Irish rebels and Irish nationalism
as a whole. Because this document is iconic, it was utilized on our Home page.
“Psychology of a Volunteer.” Collected Works of Padraic H. Pearse; Political Writings and
Speeches, by Padraic H. Pearse, Phoenix, 1924, pp. 106–107, Print. Web.
archive.org/stream/collectedworksof00pearuoft#page/106/mode/2up. Accessed 19 April
2018.
This primary book compiles together all of Patrick Pearse’s works, and grants us information
about his connection in the Rising, as well as in the Gaelic Revival League. The specific
section titled “Psychology of a Volunteer”, shows how many members of the Gaelic League
joined the Irish Volunteer Force, continuing their passion for Irish nationalism.
“Rare Photos of the Aftermath of the Easter Rising.” Ireland Calling, Photograph. Web.
ireland-calling.com/lifestyle/rare-photos-of-the-aftermath-of-the-easter-rising/.
Accessed 3 February 2018.
These images provided us with various primary sources that showed of the destruction caused
by the rebels and the British forces after Easter Rising. We used these images to enhance the
reader’s view on what actually happened during the rising to give a greater sense of realism.
These images are scattered throughout our website.
Roger Casement. The Skibbereen Eagle, skibbereeneagle.ie/ireland/roger-casement/.
Photograph. Web. Accessed 1 February 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 14
This image is of Roger Casement and John Devoy, who were both seeking for German aid for
the Easter Rising. This image is utilized under our “Historical Context” section.
Saunders, Allan F. “The Irish Constitution.” The American Political Science Review, vol. 18,
no. 2, 1924, pp. 340–345. JSTOR, JSTOR, Web. jstor.org/stable/1943929. Accessed 8
March 2018.
This primary source showed us the Irish Constitution which was read aloud during the
beginning of the Rising to influence others to join the rebellion. This helped us understand the
rebels’ point of view towards a better Irish future.
Searching for Potatoes in a Stubble Field. Photograph. Web.
mikedashhistory.com/2014/12/29/queen-victorias-5-the-strange-tale-of-turkis
h-aid-to-ireland-during-the-great-famine/. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This image shows how harsh conditions were for the Irish civilians during the Irish Potato
Famine as well as showing the hard work put in for their survival during this difficult time
period. This image is utilized in our “Historical Context” page in our website, specifically
under our “Great Famine” section.
Society of United Irishmen in Training against the British Army, 1798. PBS LearningMedia,
Photograph. Web.
aetn.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/pnp310573eng/society-of-united-irishmen-in-traini
ng-against-the-british-army-1798-pnp310573-eng/#.WkmFAt-nG00. Accessed 28
December 2017.
This primary coloured engraving was made in 1798, which was around the same time that the
United Irishmen Rebellion took place. This image is significant to our website because it
portrays how the United Irishmen would fight and how they would train.
Kusnowo and Parise 15
“Statement By Nelson Mandela In The Mansion House Dublin 1st July 1990 (With His
Handwritten Notes).” Irish Election Archives, Dublin, 1 July 1990, Photograph. Web.
irishelectionliterature.com/2013/12/09/statement-by-nelson-mandela-in-the-mansion-ho
use-dublin-1st-july-1990-with-mandelas-handwriting/. Accessed 10 May 2018.
This image of Nelson Mandela’s notes during his speech to Ireland is used on our “Long-Term
Legacy” page to show the connection between South Africa and Ireland. This image also shows
how Nelson Mandela addresses the Irish people in his speech and how grateful he is for all the
work Irish people did for the anti-apartheid movement.
“The Belfast News-Letter.” 20 May 1913. The British Newspaper Archive, Newsletter. Web.
britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000038/19130520/042/0003. Accessed 12
May 2018.
This newsletter contains an article about the Irish Republican Brotherhood. This source
broadened our knowledge on the Irish Republican Brotherhood and their motives before the
Easter Rising. An image of an article from this newsletter is found on our “Conflict: Easter
Rising” page.
The Cork Society of Friends’ Soup House. N.p., n.d. Cork, Ireland. Photograph. Web.
indigo.ie/~wildgees/famine.htm. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This image shows a group of Irish civilians in a soup kitchen in Cork, Ireland during the Irish
Potato Famine. This image is utilized under our “Historical Context” page, specifically under
our “Great Famine” page.
“The First Dáil (An Chéad Dáil) Was Dáil Éireann as It Convened from 1919-1921.” RTÉ
Archives | Politics | The First Dáil, 1919, Photograph. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/920-first-dail-eireann-1919/. Accessed 9 May 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 16
This image shows the first Irish Parliament established after the Irish General Election of 1918.
This image is utilized as a banner image of our “Short-Term Influence” page. This image
shows the aftermath of the Easter Rising, in the formation of The First Dáil.
The Formation of the Irish Citizen Army 1913-16. The Irish Story, 7 Nov. 2013, Photograph.
Web. theirishstory.com/2013/11/04/the-formation-of-the-irish-citizen-army-1913-16/#.
WoCn2minG00. Accessed 27 January 2018.
This image provided us with the purpose behind the Irish Citizen Army, and who the founders
of the Irish Citizen Army were, and what they planned to achieve. This image also allowed the
reader to see how important the formation of the Irish Citizen Army was towards Irish
nationalism.
“The Peel Web.” The Corn Law Debate: Topic Page, Web.
historyhome.co.uk/peel/cldebate.htm. Accessed 17 November 2017.
The Peel Web is a collection of various speeches, interviews and written laws together for great
communal understanding of laws and political issues during the time. The Peel Web also gave
us details on how to British government was reacting to the situations by looking at the
difference in urgency between speeches.
The Surrender. 1916. National Library of Ireland - 1916 Exhibition, Photograph. Web.
nli.ie/1916/exhibition/en/content/surrender/. Accessed 12 March 2018.
The 1916 Exhibition from the National Library of Ireland provided us with various primary
images of the surrender letters and acceptance of surrender from Patrick Pearse and General
Lowe. We utilized these images on our “Short-Term Influence” page.
Kusnowo and Parise 17
“The Survivors Cathal O'Shannon.” RTE.ie, RTÉ, 31 August 1964, Interview. Video. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/2017-survivors/609021-the-survivors-catha
l-oshannon/. Accessed 13 May 2018.
This video interview of Cathal O’Shannon, an Irish rebel in the Easter Rising, provided us his
perspective on how he perceived the Rising. This video interview is utilized on our “Easter
Sunday/Monday” page and we clipped a section from this interview where he talks about the
planned date of the Rising.
“The Survivors Cormac Turner.” RTE.ie, RTÉ, 29 March 1965, Interview. Video. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/2017-survivors/793811-the-survivors-corm
ac-turner/. Accessed 13 May 2018.
This video interview of Cormac Turner, an Irish rebel in the Rising, allowed us to gain primary
perspectives of the Rising. Cormac Turner’s perspective was especially useful when he
described the happenings on Tuesday. This video interview was utilized on our “Tuesday -
Friday” page of our website.
“The Survivors Denis McCullough.” RTE.ie, RTÉ, 8 March 1965, Interview. Video. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/2017-survivors/610255-the-survivors-denis
-mccullough/. Accessed 13 May 2018.
This video interview of Denis McCullough, an Irish rebel in the Rising, allowed us to see his
expertise in ‘Serving the National Movement.” This interview allowed us to gain information
on the build-up of the Rising and how it was like for many Irish rebels to serve in the Rising.
“The Survivors Desmond Ryan.” RTE.ie, RTÉ, 31 August 1964, Interview. Video. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/2017-survivors/608845-the-survivors-d
esmond-ryan/. Accessed 13 May 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 18
This video interview of Desmond Ryan, an Irish rebel in the Easter Rising, describes his
journey into the Irish Nationalist Movement. Desmond Ryan also explains his experience in the
Rising, when seeing the destruction and damage their Rising had done to Ireland. This video
interview was utilized in our “Easter Sunday/Monday” page under “Conflict: Easter Rising”.
“The Survivors Dr James Ryan.” RTE.ie, RTÉ, 29 March 1965, Interview. Video. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/2017-survivors/793892-the-survivors-dr-ja
mes-ryan/. Accessed 13 May 2018.
This video interview of Dr James Ryan, an Irish rebel in the Easter Rising, describes his role in
the Rising, which was being a doctor. He explains how he treated James Connolly’s injuries.
This video interview was utilized in our “Tuesday - Friday” page under “Conflict: Easter
Rising”.
“The Survivors Earnán De Blaghd.” RTE.ie, RTÉ, 15 March 1965, Interview. Video. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/2017-survivors/610313-the-survivors-earn
n-de-blaghd/. Accessed 13 May 2018.
This video interview of Earnán De Blaghd, an Irish rebel in the Easter Rising, describes his
own background was related to the Gaelic League, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and the
Irish Volunteers. This video interview was used to broaden our knowledge on the build-up of
Easter Rising.
“The Survivors Sean Nunan.” RTE.ie, RTÉ, 31 August 1964, Interview. Video. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/2017-survivors/609028-the-survivors-s
ean-nunan/. Accessed 13 May 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 19
This video interview of Sean Nunan, an Irish rebel in the Easter Rising, describes what was
happening on Friday of the Easter Rising, including the destruction of the General Post Office.
This video interview was utilized on our “Tuesday - Friday” page under “Conflict: Easter
Rising”.
This Illustration from 1846 Shows a Starving Boy and Girl Raking the Ground for Potatoes
During the Irish Potato Famine, Which Began in the 1840s. 1846. Hulton Archives.
Photograph. Web.
npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/05/21/185821964/how-genomics-solved-the-m
ystery-of-irelands-great-famine. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This image highlights how poverish the Irish truly were during the 1840s, the time period of the
Irish Potato Famine. This image is utilized in our website under our “Historical Context” page,
specifically under our “Great Famine” section.
“Thomas Clarke in 1910.” Thomas Clarke: Quiet Man Made Noise with Crackle of Dynamite,
Dublin, 1910, Photograph. Web.
independent.ie/irish-news/1916/thinkers-talkers-doers/thomas-clarke-quiet-man-made-n
oise-with-crackle-of-dynamite-34452952.html. Accessed 14 May 2018.
This image of Thomas Clarke, one of the signers of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic, was
utilized in our website under the subheading “Death Sentences.” In addition to this, we were
able to understand the effect of Thomas Clarke on the plotting of Easter Rising.
“Towards Reconciliation - Dublin Turns Out To Welcome Countess Markievicz
After Her Release (1917).” British Pathe, YouTube, 13 Apr. 2014, Video.
youtube.com/watch?v=1MiAxD12XMc. Accessed 19 February 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 20
This primary film/footage from 1917 showed us the impact of letting one of the rebels out of
prison meant to Ireland. We included a clip from this video in our “Prelude to the
Compromise” page to emphasize what freedom, and the respark in Irish nationalism meant to
the Irish people.
Trench, Chenevix. “Seachtmhain Na Gaedhilge [Seachtain Na Gaeilge]: Language Collection
Now on: on Which Side Are You? /.” Holdings: Seachtmhain Na Gaedhilge [Seachtain
Na Gaeilge]:..., Photograph. Web. catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000250810. Accessed 17
April 2018.
This iconic poster during the rise of the Gaelic League to encourage others to experience Irish
culture, in contrast to the British culture. This poster was a step towards Irish nationalism, as it
supported the separation of Irish values from British values.
Valera, Éamon de. India and Ireland. Friends of Freedom for India, 1920. Print. Web.
archive.org/details/indiaireland00deva. Accessed 9 May 2018.
This book by Éamon de Valera shows his connection between Ireland’s independence
movement and the Indian movement. This book broadened our knowledge on how these two
countries were connected in their nationalist movements.
Villanova University. “Gaelic Revival.” Library Exhibits :: Gaelic Revival, Web.
exhibits.library.villanova.edu/jack-butler-yeats/revival/. Accessed 15 April 2018.
Villanova University page on the Gaelic Revival provided us with primary documents that we
used to deepen our knowledge about the Gaelic League Revival, and poet William Butler
Yeats. The various documents included within this website (located on the left column)
include: Letter from Douglas Hyde to Yeats, The Celtic Twilight by William Butler Yeats and
many more.
Kusnowo and Parise 21
Walsh, James. Wounded Rebels in a Temporary Hospital in Dublin Castle. 1916. The Rising
Ireland: Easter 1916, 2nd ed., by Fearghal McGarry, Oxford University Press, p. 178.
Photograph. Print. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This image found in the book The Rising Ireland: Easter 1916 on Page 178 showed us an image
of some of the rebels that were receiving medical treatment. We utilized this image on our
website on the “Tuesday - Friday” page.
Weisbach, Kapitan Raimund. Casement and Companions Stepping from the Submarine U-20
on the Morning of 15 April 1916, at Heligoland Naval Base.
1916. Photograph. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This image was about the arrival of Roger Casement to the Easter Rising scene trying to gain
German aid in the Rising. This shows him conversing with various German leaders about
possible aid for the Rising. This image is utilized in our historical context section on our
website.
Whyte, Robert, and James J. Mangan. Robert Whyte's 1847 Famine Ship Diary: the Journey of
an Irish Coffin Ship. Mercier Press, 1994. Print. Accessed 4 February 2018.
This book/diary showed us an Irish citizen, Robert Whyte, and his voyage from Ireland to
Montreal, CA during the Great Famine. This diary is significant because it helped us develop
an understanding on the experiences of the voyages of Irish immigrants and the different
struggles within these voyages.
Kusnowo and Parise 22
Secondary Sources
Bartlett, Professor Thomas. “History - British History in Depth: The 1798 Irish Rebellion.”
BBC, BBC, 17 Feb. 2011, Web.
bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/irish_reb_01.shtml.
Accessed 28 December 2017.
This page on the 1798 Irish Rebellion gives a vast amount of information on the different
battles and events of the United Irishmen Rebellion. This page was especially useful when we
added information about the different battles during this rebellion, including the Battle of
Vinegar Hill, as well as forces that aimed to aid the United Irishmen, such as the French.
Bartoletti, Susan Campbell. Black Potatoes. 2008. Print. Accessed 3 February 2018.
This book by Susan Campbell Bartoletti compiles together various different stories from the
Irish Potato Famine including quotes and interviews from Irish people who are descendants of
those in the Famine who have stories to tell about the Famine. The book is the main source of
quotes in our website because quotes from 300 years ago is hard to find.
Campbell, Maren, and Sarah Swansen. “Star of the Sea: The Temporary Use of Soup
Kitchens.” Web. Star of the Sea: A Postcolonial/Postmodern Voyage into the Irish
Famine, 6 Apr. 2016,
scalar.usc.edu/works/star-of-the-sea-a-postcolonialpostmodern-voyage-into-the-iris
h-famine/soup-kitchens. Accessed 12 March 2018.
“Star of the Sea: The Temporary Use of Soup Kitchens” gave us an overview of how the
British used inefficient soup kitchens to aid the starving Irish during the Great Famine. This
Kusnowo and Parise 23
page also highlighted how inefficient the British were in creating successful solutions to aid the
Irish.
Carey, Colm. The Rising. 1916. Easter 1916, Web. easter1916.ie/index.php/rising/. Accessed 2
February 2018.
This website helps us understand a day by day synopsis of the rising, which we used to separate
our website by the various days. This was one of the first websites where we could find a day to
day explanation of the rising.
“Central Powers.” RSS, Web. nzhistory.govt.nz/war/germany-facts. Accessed 30 January 2018.
This page helped us understand why the Easter Rising was planned during World War I and the
benefits and drawbacks of starting the rebellion when they did. This is useful on our historical
context page where we reference World War I.
“Chronology of the Easter Rising.” RTÉ Libraries and Archives, Web.
rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/chronology-of-the-easter-rising. Accessed 27
January 2018.
Through researching this source, we acquired a detailed synopsis of the Easter Rising. This
particular website was one of the best websites, in terms of making us understand the Rising
more.
Cockburn, Patrick. “Sketches Show Irish Nationalist Hero Roger Casement in His Final Days
in the Tower of London before Execution.” The Independent, Independent Digital News
and Media, 9 Apr. 2016, Photograph. Web.
independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/roger-casement-ireland-easter-rising-tower-of-l
ondon-prison-execution-a6976336.html. Accessed 30 January 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 24
This source provides information and images on Roger Casement. This source also allowed us
to understand the effect of Roger Casement on the Rising and provided us a powerful quote that
we utilized on our “Historical Context” page.
“Collapse.” Ask About Ireland, Web.
askaboutireland.ie/learning-zone/primary-students/looking-at-places/wexford/the-w
exford-rebellion-179/the-battle-of-new-ross-1/. Accessed 28 December 2017.
This particular page of Ask About Ireland’s “Collapse” explains different elements of the
Battle of Vinegar Hill during the United Irishmen Rebellion, including the number of Irish
rebels versus the number of British soldiers. The information contained is shown in our own
website when discussing the Battle of Vinegar Hill. The credibility of the website is clear, for
the bottom of the page even states that the site is trusted by the Irish government.
Doheny, Michael. The Felon's Track. Solas Press, 2008. Print. Accessed 13 March 2018.
This book by Michael Doheny provided us with information and quotes from the Young
Irelanders Rebellion, a rebellion following The Great Famine,. We used these quotes to show
analysis between the Famine and World War I.
Dorney, John. “The Weapons of 1916.” Independent.ie, Independent.ie, 2 Mar. 2016, Web.
independent.ie/irish-news/1916/the-rising-explained/the-weapons-of-1916-34505344.ht
ml. Accessed 9 February 2018.
“The Weapons of 1916” allowed us to understand the weapons used by both the rebels and the
British forces during the time of the rising. In addition, we were able to understand how the
rebels were able to smuggle the weapons into Dublin.
Kusnowo and Parise 25
Dublin May Seek Surrender Letter. N.p., n.d. BBC, 9 Jan. 2006, Photograph. Web.
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4594388.stm. Accessed 11 February
2018.
This is an image of the surrender letter of Patrick Pearse that we used in our website to add
credibility. In addition, it provided us information of the surrender and what took place during
the surrender of the rebels.
“Easter Rising, Dublin, 1916: Timeline.” Research Guides, Web.
guides.slv.vic.gov.au/rising1916/timeline. Accessed 1 February 2018.
The State Library of Victoria provided us a timeline in which we based off our research off for
the day by day sections of our website. We also included quotes from this page to shorten our
word count while telling the full story.
Editor. The Irish Republican Brotherhood, From 1858 to 1917. Fair Society, 2
Mar. 2017, Photograph. Web.
fairsociety.ie/the-irish-republican-brotherhood-from-1858-to-1917-a-brief-history-irelan
d/. Accessed 25 January 2018.
These images of the Irish Republican Brotherhood plotting the rebellion provided us with
insight into the lengths the rebels took towards plotting the rebellion in secrecy. These images
also provided us with plenty of visual impact of the IRB’s connection to the Rising.
Egan, Casey. The Irish Potato Famine, the Great Hunger, Genocide - What Should We Call It?
The Irish Potato Famine, the Great Hunger, Genocide-What Should We Call It?,
IrishCentral LLC, 31 May 2015, Photograph. Web.
irishcentral.com/roots/history/why-we-should-call-it-the-great-hunger-and-not-the-irish
Kusnowo and Parise 26
-potato-famine. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This source provides us a rare image of a starving mother and her children during the Irish
Potato Famine. The info in this site also provides us a different perspective of looking at the
famine from a view that shows its historical impact.
Eviction in Ireland, Maggie Blanck, Photograph. Web.
maggieblanck.com/Mayopages/Eviction.html. Accessed 31 January 2018.
This image of men violently rebelling against one another that perpetuates the scenes of
uprisings well. Because many of our website sections contained a section for uprisings, images
like this really add to the website.
Ferriter, Diarmaid. “The Men Who Began the Revolution.” The Irish Times, The Irish Times,
22 Nov. 2013, Web.
irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/the-men-who-began-the-revolution-1.1604129.
Accessed 26 January 2018.
This particular page of the Irish Times allowed us to understand who the key figures during the
rising were and how they had a major effect in the plotting and execution of the rising. This
source also explained the motives behind the rising and why they were so committed to Irish
nationalism.
Ferriter, Diarmaid. “The Legacy of Eoin MacNeill, the Man Who Tried to Call off the Rising.”
The Irish Times, The Irish Times, 31 Oct. 2013, Web.
irishtimes.com/news/politics/the-legacy-of-eoin-macneill-the-man-who-tried-to-call-off
-the-rising-1.1579668. Accessed 17 February 2018.
This particular page of the Irish Times helped us gather more information on Eoin MacNeill, an
important figure in leading the Easter Rising. This especially aided us in our “Conflict: Easter
Kusnowo and Parise 27
Rising” page.
“Foundation Of The Volunteers.” Foundation of the Volunteers | Defence Forces History | Info
Centre | Defence Forces, Web.
military.ie/info-centre/defence-forces-history/foundation-of-the-volunteers/. Accessed
21 February 2018.
This source allowed us to gain a basic overview of the founding of the various parties that
contributed to the rising. The website also contains various quotes from the leaders that we
used in our website.
Fox, Richard Michael. The History of the Irish Citizen Army. Duffy, 1945. Print. Accessed 12
March 2018.
This book by Richard Michael Fox showed us information on the Irish Citizen Army. In
addition, we used this book to get images, some of which are displayed on the “Conflict: Easter
Rising page.”
Gannon, Darragh. The 'Strange Rebirth' of Ireland after the Rising.
Independent.ie, 15 July 2017, Photograph. Web.
independent.ie/opinion/comment/the-strange-rebirth-of-ireland-after-the-rising-3593506
1.html. Accessed 14 March 2018.
This image of Éamon de Valera speaking in front of a massive crowd in which we utilized on
“Short-Term Influence” section of our website. This image helps illustrate the importance of
Éamon de Valera in history.
Government of Ireland. Irish President Michael D Higgins laid a Wreath at Kilmainham Gaol
in Dublin in Honour of the Revolutionaries who were Executed for their Part in the
Rebellion Against British Rule. 2016. Photograph. Accessed 12 March 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 28
This image from the Government of Ireland was about President Higgins and his tribute
towards the Irish rebel leaders who advocated for a free Ireland on Easter Rising. He did this by
remembering them with a wreath. We used this image in our “The Impact” section of our
website.
Hegarty, Shane, and Fintan O'Toole. “Easter Rising 1916 – the Aftermath: Arrests and
Executions.” The Irish Times, The Irish Times, 23 Mar. 2016, Web.
irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/easter-rising-1916-the-aftermath-arrests-and-execut
Ions-1.2583019. Accessed 12 February 2018.
This material on the aftermath of the Rising helped us gather more info on the arrests and
executions of the main leaders of the Rising. This site also provided us quotes from each leader,
seen in our “Prelude to the Compromise” page.
Higgins, Michael D. “Remembering 1916.” Dublin, RTÉ Archives, Ireland,
rte.ie/documents/news/address-by-michael-d-higgins.pdf.
This speech given by Michael D. Higgins, the president of Ireland, emphasizes the importance
of the Easter Rising and how the rebellion impacted Ireland today. A quote from this speech
was utilized in our “Long-Term Legacy” page under our “The Impact” page.
“History.” Sinn Féin, sinnfein.ie/history. Web. Accessed 18 February 2018.
The official Sinn Féin page provided us with a history of the Sinn Fein party and how they
came to be. The website also explains why Éamon de Valera decided to join their party and
why they won by a landslide victory.
History.com Staff. “Easter Rising.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, Web.
Kusnowo and Parise 29
history.com/topics/british-history/easter-rising. Accessed 24 January 2018.
This source allowed us to understand a basic information about Easter Rising. This was the first
website that we looked at to start our research. This particular page allowed us to gather ideas
on where we should further research to deepen our knowledge on this topic.
“How Revolutionary Were the Irish Volunteers?” History Ireland, 2 May 2014, Web.
historyireland.com/home-rule/how-revolutionary-were-the-irish-volunteers/. Accessed
12 February 2018.
This opinionated page on “How Revolutionary Were the Irish Volunteers” is significant
because it lead us to the Manifesto of the Irish Volunteers. This source was a stepping stone
into finding even better information on the Irish Volunteers and Manifesto of the Irish
Volunteers.
“How the Rising Was Planned.” RTÉ Libraries and Archives, Web.
rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/how-the-rising-was-planned. Accessed 11
February 2018.
This webpage showed us how the Rising was planned and what measures they took to keep the
planning private. This also showed how the British were aware and how they heard of the
rising and why they were caught by surprise because of the Rising.
“Ireland’s Opportunity? The First World War & 1916.” RTÉ Libraries and Archives, 8
February. 2016, Photograph. Web.
rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/the-first-world-war-1916. Accessed 19 February
2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 30
This image allowed us to see how the first World War impacted the Easter Rising. We used the
knowledge and images we gained is embedded into our “Historical Context” page where we
reference the connection between World War I and Easter Rising.
Irish Citizen Army | Organisation and Membership | Search The Collection | Military Service
Pensions Collection (1916 - 1923) | Online Collections | Collections | Military
Archives, Web.
militaryarchives.ie/en/collections/online-collections/military-service-pensions-colle
ction/search-the-collection/organisation-and-membership/irish-citizen-army. Accessed
30 January 2018.
This source provided by the Military Archives allowed us to gain information at what
documents and forms must have been completed before someone was allowed into the secret
Irish Citizen Army. It shows the various pensionships that must have been completed before
entry was allowed.
Irlande, Guide. Bantry Bay - Baie De Bantry Dans Le Comté De Cork. Guide Irlande.com, 9
Aug. 2016, Photograph. Web. guide-irlande.com/sites-touristiques/bantry-bay/.
Accessed 27 December 2017.
This painting, which was made around the time of the United Irishmen Rebellion, portrays
Theobald Wolfe Tone, the leader of the Society of United Irishmen. This image allows any
viewer of our website to more easily familiarize themselves with the appearance of this
important political leader.
Keegan, Gerald. Famine Diary Journey to a New World. Wolfhound Press, 1991. Print.
Accessed 1 February 2018.
This book showed us primary visions of an Irish man and his family and their trip to the US
from Ireland in attempt to escape the war. Keegan describes being jammed onto a boat filled of
Kusnowo and Parise 31
Irish fleeing the country and their experiences on the ship. This allowed insight on the lengths
that the Irish were going to take to escape the starvation and start a new life.
Kelly, John. The Graves Are Walking: a History of the Great Irish Famine. Faber and Faber,
2013. Print. Accessed 4 February 2018.
This book along with the information that it provides, supplies us with a map that is high
quality and that we can use to show the country of Ireland during the time. This book was one
of the most vital sources of our research, due to its analysis on a vast variety of topics,
including the conflict and compromise of our website. This book also elaborates on Irish
politicians, such as Daniel O’ Connell, and events preceding the famine, including the Irish
Rebellion 1798.
“Kilmainham Gaol.” Kilmainham Gaol Museum | The Office of Public Works, Dublin, 1966,
Photograph. Web. kilmainhamgaolmuseum.ie/. Accessed 7 May 2018.
This image of Kilmainham Gaol is utilized on our “Prelude to the Compromise” page under
“Compromise”. With this image, the viewer can visualize the setting of where the Irish rebel
leaders’ executions took place.
Lawless, Brian. 1916 Easter Rising Commemoration Mural. 26 March 2016. PA Images.
Dublin, Ireland. Photograph. Accessed 8 March 2018.
This image is of a commemoration mural that recognizes the work done by the rebel forces to
make Ireland the country it is today. The photographer is Brian Lawless in March of 2016.
Mahady, Colm. “Acting Taoiseach Enda Kenny Unveils the Initial Phase of the Necrology
Wall at Glasnevin Cemetery.” Hardline Protests Mar 1916 Remembrance | Irish
Examiner, 2016, Photograph. Web.
Kusnowo and Parise 32
irishexaminer.com/ireland/hardline-protests-mar-1916-remembrance-390914.html.
Accessed 12 May 2018.
This image is of the Easter Rising Remembrance Wall. This wall was created to remember both
the Irish and British soldiers that died in the Rising. This image is utilized on our “Long-Term
Legacy” page under “The Impact”.
Maxwells. “Easter Sunday Commemoration Ceremony .” 1916 Centenary: Thousands Attend
Military Parade on Streets of Dublin, Dublin, 27 Mar. 2016, Photograph. Web.
irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/1916-centenary-thousands-attend-military-para
de-on-streets-of-dublin-1.2588702. Accessed 12 May 2018.
This image of the Easter Rising commemoration is used on our banner image of our
“Long-Term Legacy” page. This image helps illustrate how the Rising was perceived by the
Irish public.
McEvoy, Dermot. Roger Casement, Executed 100 Years Ago Today, Had an Unlikely Fenian
Supporter. IrishCentral.com, 27 Sept. 2016, Photograph. Web.
irishcentral.com/roots/history/roger-casement-executed-100-years-ago-today-had-an-un
likely-fenian-supporter. Accessed 2 February 2018.
This image of Roger Casement was used in our website under the subheading in our World
War I page. This image is used to show his connection to the Rising, and how he attempted to
gain aid for the rebel forces. In addition to this, we were able to understand the effect of Roger
Casement on the plotting of Easter Rising.
McGarry, Fearghal. The Rising: Ireland: Easter 1916. Oxford University Press, 2017. Print.
Accessed 12 March 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 33
This book showed us a great understanding of how the Rising impacted history today. In
addition to this, this book provided us with a lot of images. The book also goes into deep
understanding about each of the key groups during the Rising.
McGovern, Bryan. “Young Ireland and Southern Nationalism.” Young Ireland and Southern
Nationalism, Kennesaw State University, Sept. 2016, Web.
digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=google.com/
&httpsredir=1&article=1036&context=iss. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This journal article provides us with a highly detailed overview of the Young Ireland and the
Young Ireland Rebellion of 1848. This was one of the first sources we analyzed to understand
Irish Nationalism and its early origins. Our knowledge strengthened from this source, which is
shown in our “Historical Context” page, specifically under the “Great Famine” section.
“Members of the 32 County Sovereignty Movement on Parade in Creggan Cemetery during a
Centenary Commemoration of the 1916 Easter Rising in Derry, Easter Monday.” 1916
Parades: PSNI Investigates Suspected Dissident Breaches, Dublin, 28 Mar. 2016,
irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/1916-parades-psni-investigates-suspected-d
Issident-breaches-1.2589921. Accessed 12 May 2018.
This image is of members of the 32 County Sovereignty Movement commemorating the Easter
Rising in 2016. This source shows what the commemoration of the Rising looked like. This
image is utilized on our “Conflict: Easter Rising” page.
Mitchell, Angus. “The War Diary of Roger Casement.” The Irish Times, The Irish Times, 29
Apr. 2016, Web.
irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/the-war-diary-of-roger-casement-1.2629321. Accessed
1 February 2018.
This secondary diary of Roger Casement allows us to obtain information to explain what things
Kusnowo and Parise 34
that one of the Volunteers, named Roger Casement, did through his diary. This also allowed to
caption what happened happened and pull quotes from this diary.
“Nationalism and the War of Independence.” The Cabinet Papers, The National Archives,
Kew, Surrey TW9 4DU, 28 Nov. 2008, Web.
nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/nationalism-war-independence.htm.
Accessed 8 March 2018.
The National Archives, through their webpage “Nationalism and the War of Independence”
provides a brief overview of Irish Nationalism and the Sinn Fein. This source is very significant
to us and our understanding of the Sinn Fein and its connection to the Rising.
O'Neill, Charles Edwards. “Toward American Recognition of the Republic of Ireland: De
Valera's Visit to New Orleans in 1920.” Louisiana History: The Journal of the
Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 34, no. 3, 1993, pp. 299–307. JSTOR, JSTOR,
Web. jstor.org/stable/4233035. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This article helped us understand why Éamon de Valera’s trip to the United States to gain aid
from the American forces was so significant in impacting the results of the coming years of
Irish history. This article also specifies how problematic not killing Éamon de Valera turned
out to be and how different history would be if de Valera would have died.
Parsons, Michael. Patrick Pearse Surrender Letter Set to Fetch €1.5m at Auction. The Irish
Times, The Irish Times, 29 Apr. 2016, Photograph. Web.
irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/patrick-pearse-surrender-letter-set-to-fetch-1-5
m-at-auction-1.2629936. Accessed 8 February 2018.
This image of Patrick Pearse’s surrender letter was used in our website. This image helped add
credibility when we mention how Patrick Pearse’s surrender letter was significant for the
Kusnowo and Parise 35
revival of Irish nationalism.
Parsons, Michael. Rising Time Has Come. The Irish Times, 12 Mar. 2016, Photograph. Web.
irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/fine-art-antiques/rising-time-has-com
e-1.2569467. Accessed 15 February 2018.
This source provided images of many documents that were signed and written during the time
of the rising. This includes images of the surrender letter, plannings of the rising and the
official Martial Law passed.
Raidió Teilifís Éireann. “The Gaelic League and the 1916 Rising.” RTÉ Libraries and
Archives, Web. rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/the-gaelic-league-and-the
-1916-rising. Accessed 16 April 2018.
This source provided us with invaluable secondary information on the Gaelic League and its
connection to the Easter Rising. This source further aided us in understanding the purpose of
the Gaelic League and how the conception of Irish nationalism changed the organization.
“Redmond Urges Irish Volunteers to Join the British Army.” RTÉ Libraries and Archives,
Web .rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/redmond-urges-irish-volunteers-to-join-the
-british-army. Accessed 7 February 2018.
This particular page in the RTE Archives allowed us to understand how the Irish Volunteers
became such as massive group that would contribute greatly towards the rising. This website
also showed why the Irish Volunteers were so significant and how they contributed towards the
plotting and execution of the rising.
Seán MacDiarmada – Willing Martyr of the Easter Rising 1916. Ireland Calling, Photograph.
Kusnowo and Parise 36
Web. ireland-calling.com/sean-macdiarmada-easter-rising-1916/. Accessed 2 February
2018.
This image of Seán MacDermott was used in our website, to emphasize his important role in
the Rising, as he was one of the signers of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic. In addition to
this, we were able to understand the effect of Seán MacDermott on the plotting of Easter
Rising.
“Society of the United Irishmen.” Society of the United Irishmen | World EBook Library -
EBooks, Web. newspaperslibrary.org/articles/eng/Society_of_the_United_Irishmen.
Accessed 27 December 2017.
This was the first source we utilized that gave us an in depth analysis on the Society of the
United Irishmen and all of their intentions. With its excellent analysis, this website proves to be
a reliable source that provides enough information to completely understand the significance of
this group.
Steele, Karen. “Editing out Factionalism: The Political and Literary Consequences in Ireland's
‘Shan Van Vocht.’” Victorian Periodicals Review, vol. 35, no. 2, 2002, pp. 113–132.
JSTOR, JSTOR, Web. jstor.org/stable/20083865. Accessed 10 March 2018.
This article explained to us about the first Irish nationalist newspaper called the Shan Van
Vocht. The article goes into detail about how many of the women and signatories wanted a new
Ireland and how they planned to achieve it. This grew our background knowledge of the Irish
nationalism history.
“Strikers Urged to Join New Citizen Army.” RTÉ Libraries and Archives, Web.
rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/irish-citizen-army-founded-in-dublin.
Accessed 4 February 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 37
This source from the RTÉ Libraries and Archives gave us a better understanding on the origins
of the Citizen Army. The information gathered from this website is located on the “Conflict:
Easter Rising” page.
“The Blight Begins.” Irish Potato Famine: The Blight Begins, The History Place, 2000, Web.
historyplace.com/worldhistory/famine/begins.htm. Accessed 12 March 2018.
This source provided us with plenty of secondary information on the Irish Potato Famine. The
majority of the information we gathered were about the beginning of the famine, and the
British’s attempts to aid the Irish.
“The Easter Rising Begins in Dublin.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, Web.
history.com/this-day-in-history/the-easter-rising-begins-in-dublin. Accessed 6 February
2018.
This particular webpage was one of the first sources that we looked at to gain a basic
knowledge on Easter Rising. The information we gathered created a gateway into many other
various sources that we would then look into to deepen our research and understanding.
“The Fools, The Fools, The Fools!”. Webfactory, Web.
glasnevintrust.ie/visit-glasnevin/news/the-fools-the-fools-the-fools/. Accessed 8
February 2018.
This source provided us with information on the Irish leaders whose role was conferencing with
the German forces in hopes of German aid in the rebellion. “The Fools, The Fools, The Fools!”
contained quotes of these discussions that we used in our website.
Kusnowo and Parise 38
The Irish Election of 1918. The Irish General Election of 1918, Photograph. Web.
ark.ac.uk/elections/h1918.htm. Accessed 16 February 2018.
This image of the results from the Irish General Election of 1918 provided us with data that
was important for us and the reader to understand. This image is displayed on “Short-Term
Influence” section of our website.
The Irish War of Independence 1919 - 21. Introduction - The Irish War of Independence 1919 -
21 - Waterford County Museum, Photograph. Web.
waterfordmuseum.ie/exhibit/web/Display/article/318/The_Irish_War_of_Independence
_1919__21.html. Accessed 10 March 2018.
This image of Éamon de Valera that we utilized in our “Éamon de Valera’s Excuse” section
where we state his impact and the British’s compromise to not kill him. This image helps
define his authoritative position in the compromise and allow the reader to appeal to who he
was.
The National Archives. “Nationalism and the War of Independence.” The Cabinet Papers, The
National Archives, Kew, Surrey TW9 4DU, 28 Nov. 2008, Web.
nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/nationalism-war-independence.htm.
Accessed 8 March 2018.
This source provided by the National Archives displays a detailed overview on the Sinn Fein
party and the Irish War of Independence. From this source, we found out by what margin the
Sinn Fein party claimed victory in the Irish General Election of 1918, and this info was utilized
in our “Short-Term Influence” page on our website.
The People of the 1916 Easter Rising. The Irish Times, Photograph. Web.
irishtimes.com/1916/people-of-the-1916-rising. Accessed 27 January 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 39
This image of the leaders as well as information about the various leaders and how they made
an impact on the Rising was utilized in our website. Because of this, we could add a subsection
on our website that was dedicated to the key figures in the Rising.
The Seven Signatories. Jason O'Ceannobhain Art, jocartstudio.com/gallery/portraits/.
Photograph. Web. Accessed 11 March 2018.
This image from Jason O'Ceannobhain showing the seven signatories during the 1916 Easter
Rising was used in our website to give a visual display of the seven signatories. We used this
image in the Conflict: Easter Rising page to clarify who were the seven signatories of the Irish
Proclamation.
“The Sunday Independent Made Grim Reading for the IRB Military Council Which Met at
Liberty Hall: It Featured MacNeill’s Countermand, a Reference to Casement’s Arrest in
Kerry, and News of the Accidental Drowning of Three Men on Their Way to Set up a
Transmitter for Signaling the Aud.” The Rising: Easter Sunday, 23 April, Dublin, 1916,
Photograph. Web. nli.ie/1916/exhibition/en/content/rising/23april/. Accessed 8 May
2018.
This image of the Easter Rising getting canceled is used on our “Easter Sunday/Monday” page
to back up our information on how the Rising was canceled. This image also allows us to add
credibility to the page because of the primary newspaper that is used in the background.
The Week of the Rising. RTÉ Archives, 28 Jan. 2016, Photograph. Web.
rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/the-week-of-the-rising/. Accessed 10
March 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 40
This image of the Irish Republican Brotherhood gathering together for a meeting showed the
secrecy of the rebel leaders, and their determination towards doing the best for the Irish people.
We integrated this image into our page on “Tuesday - Friday”.
Thomas Clarke. Ask about Ireland, Photograph. Web.
askaboutireland.ie/learning-zone/primary-students/subjects/history/history-the-full-story
/ireland-the-early-20th-ce/leaders-of-the-1916-risin/thomas-clarke/. Accessed 31
January 2018.
This image of Thomas Clarke, one of the signers of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic, was
utilized in our website under the subheading Death Sentences. In addition to this, we were able
to understand the effect of Thomas Clarke on the plotting of Easter Rising.
“Those That Set the Stage Douglas Hyde, Eoin MacNeill, and the Gaelic League.” National
Library of Ireland - 1916 Exhibition, National Library of Ireland, Web.
nli.ie/1916/exhibition/en/content/stagesetters/culture/hyde-macneill/. Accessed 16 April
2018.
This page by the National Library of Ireland provided insight into the key figures in the Gaelic
League, Eoin MacNeill and Douglas Hyde. This database further allowed us to understand why
these two leaders were so interested in reviving Irish culture, and how they thought it would
leave an impact on Irish nationalism.
“Tom Clarke: The Spirit of the 1916 Easter Rising.” Pearl River Ancient Order
of Hibernians, 17 Feb. 2017, Web. praoh.org/tom-clarke-spirit-1916-easter-rising/.
Accessed 18 February 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 41
This source gave us more insight on Thomas Clarke, one of the most influential leaders of the
Easter Rising. We began to understand the significance of Thomas Clarke and his particular
role in the plotting of the Rising through the information we gathered in this source.
Villanova University. “Gaelic Revival.” Library Exhibits :: Gaelic Revival, Web.
exhibits.library.villanova.edu/jack-butler-yeats/revival/. Accessed 15 April 2018.
Villanova University page on the Gaelic Revival provided us with a basic understanding of the
Gaelic Revival League and how the Gaelic League Revival connects to Irish nationalism. This
website was one of the first websites we researched into to gain a basic understanding of the
Gaelic Revival League.
Wertz, Frederick. “The Gaelic Revival in Ireland and America.” IrishCentral.com, 11 Oct.
2016, Web. irishcentral.com/roots/the-gaelic-revival-in-ireland-and-america. Accessed
15 April 2018.
Through this source, we gathered an understanding of how the Gaelic League not only affected
Ireland, but many places internationally, most notably the United States. This webpage shows
how the spread of Irish culture went global when many Irish citizens migrated to different
places to communities started by the Famine. We got to understand how Irish culture arrived in
America, and Irish culture became known internationally.
“What Saved De Valera from Firing Squad?” Independent.ie, Independent.ie, 3 Mar. 2016,
Web. independent.ie/irish-news/1916/the-rising-explained/what-saved-dev-from-firing
-squad-34385779.html. Accessed 3 February 2018.
Kusnowo and Parise 42
This source was a key reference in providing us with information that we used in our “Éamon
de Valera’s Excuse” section of our website. This webpage explained how Éamon de Valera had
such a big impact on the aftermath of the rising and included quotes that we used in our
website.
“What You Need to Know About the Aftermath of the Easter Rising 1916.” TripSavvy, Web.
tripsavvy.com/easter-rising-the-aftermath-1542951. Accessed 30 January 2018.
This was the first source we used which provided a basis of the aftermath of Easter Rising. This
source opened the door for us to explore more sources that we could use to deepen our
knowledge on the aftermath.
“World War II: Irish Prime Minister Eamon De Valera's Speech on Irish Neutrality.” Irish
Prime Minister Eamon De Valera's Speech on Irish Neutrality (December 1941),
Lecture/Speech. Web.
jewishvirtuallibrary.org/irish-prime-minister-eamon-de-valera-s-speech-on-irish-neutral
ity-december-1941. Accessed 14 February 2018.
This lecture/speech said by Éamon de Valera on Irish Neutrality granted us information about
Valera’s point of view towards obtaining Irish independence. An important quote was taken
from this website said by de Valera himself and put on our “Short-Term Influence” page.