annotated bib final
TRANSCRIPT
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AnnotatedBibliography
SecondarySources
Abrams,Irwin."TheNobelPeacePrizeandJimmyCarter."TheAntiochReview62.2(2004):
355.JSTOR.Web.12Oct.2014.
Thisscholarlyjournalarticleassessesthepurposeofthe2002CarterNobelPeacePrize
aswellasputsintoperspectivetheawarditself.Theauthor,IrwinAbramswasa
distinguishedhistoryprofessoratAntiochCollegethatthoroughlyexploredthefieldof
peaceresearchandspecificallytheNobelPeacePrize.Hebasesthearticleonresearch
pertainingtothenominationanddecisionofcandidatesbytheNorwegianCommittee.
ThefocusisonwhyCarterdidnotreceivetheawardin1978followingwhatsomemight
callhismostmemorablestanceforworldpeaceinmediatingattheCampDavidSummit
leadingtothepeacetreatybetweenEgyptandIsrael.Findingthatitwasimpossibleto
awardCarterthen,Abramsstatesthatthisinnowaymeanshewasntdeservingandwas
thereforenominatedconsecutivelyafter1978untilbeingawardedtheprizein2002.
ThoughsubjectiveandbiasedinpraisingCarterandthecontentofhischaracter,the
articlegivesvalidinsightintohishumanitarianismandworktowardpeaceleadingtothe
awardingoftheNobelPeacePrize.
Ash,TimothyGarton."Egypt'sHoldontheU.S."LosAngelesTimes.LosAngelesTimes,08
Mar.2012.Web.30Oct.2014.
ThisarticleanalyzestherelationshipEgyptbetweenandtheUnitedStatesfollowingthe
1978CampDavidSummit.Theauthor,TimothyGartonAsh,isaprofessorofEuropean
StudiesattheUniversityofOxford,IsaiahBerlinProfessorialFellowatStAnthonys
College,Oxford,aSeniorFellowattheHooverInstitutionofStanfordUniversity,aswell
asaworldrenownedauthor.HebasesthisarticleontravelstoEgyptaswellasan
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analysisofUnitedStatesEgyptdiplomacyfollowingthesummit.Throughout,many
observationsaremadesuchasthatoftheUnitedStatesuseofEgyptasatoolin
protectingIsraelandpreservingtheUnitedStatesrelationshiptherewith.Inaddition,he
goesontoobservethemanybenefitsfortheUnitedStatesinparticularoftherelationship
betweenitandEgyptthathasdevelopedsince.GartonAshconcludesthattheCamp
DavidSummitindirectlyandunintentionallybegananalmostparasiticrelationship
betweenthetwonations.Thisarticleisverybiasedandsubjectiveinthatitcontains
much,thoughjustifiablebyfact,opinion.
Avineri,Shlomo."BeyondCampDavid."ForeignPolicyNo.46(1982):1936.JSTOR.
Web.30Oct.2014.
ThisscholarlyjournalwaswrittenbyShlomoAvineri,inordertoinformthereaders
abouttheeventsatCampDavidandwhathappenedasaresult.Thisisareliablesource
becausetheauthorisanIsraelipoliticalscientist,andaprofessor.NotonlydidtheCamp
DavidAccordshelpresolvetheterritorialissuesbetweenIsraelandEgypt,butresultedin
theArabstateofEgyptacknowledgingIsrael'slegitimacy.Thishelpsusunderstandthat
manythingshappenedasaresultofCampDavid,benefittingthetwonations.
Ayoob,Mohammed."LookingbeyondCampDavid:USPolicytowardstheMiddleEast."
AustralianOutlook36.1(1982):816.Web.
ThisjournaliswrittenbyMohammedAyoobtoinformleadersabouttheCampDavid
legacy.HeisadistinguishedprofessorofInternationalRelationsandinthedepartmentof
PoliticalScience,thereforethisisareliablesource.ThisarticlefocusesonAmerica,and
itsoutlookonTheMiddleEast.AsaresultofCampDavid,theSaudiAmericanalliance
wasformed,andSaudiArabiawasdependingonprotectionandregime.Weareableto
concludefromthisthatlookingpastCampDavid,manythingshavehappenedsince.
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Brinkley,Douglas."JimmyCarter'sModestQuestforGlobalPeace."ForeignAffairs74.6
(1995):90100.JSTOR.Web.16Oct.2014.
ThisscholarlyjournalarticleassesthecharacterofformerpresidentJimmyCarter
throughanalyzinghisaccomplishmentsasamediatorforpeace.Theauthor,Douglas
BrinkleyisprofessorofhistoryatRiceUniversityaswellasafellowattheJamesBaker
InstituteforPublicPolicy.Hebasesthisarticleonresearchpertainingtoforeignpolicy
andCartersownCarterCenter,drawinguponinformationrelatingtohisachievements
indiplomaticaidandnegotiationthroughtheCarterCenter,onbehalfoftheUnited
States,andotherwise.ItfocusesonthecontroversybehindCartersskillasanobjective
negotiatorasexercisedworldwidemodeledaftertheCampDavidaccords.Brinkley
concludesthat,despitethecontroversybehindhischaracterormotivation,Carters
accomplishmentsaswellasthoseofhiscenterhaveundeniablymadegreatheadwayin
achievingpeaceworldwide,especiallyinthethirdworld.Throughout,Brinkleyisableto
maintainanobjectivestance,presentingvariedbiasandimpartialinformationand
allowingforthereadertoformawellinformedopinion.
"TheCampDavidAccords."LosAngelesTimes.LosAngelesTimes,02Feb.1989.Web.10
Oct.2014.
RecallingtheeventstakenplaceinSeptemberof1978,thisLosAngelesTimesarticle
providesdetailedinformationregardingtheresultsofthefirstCampDavidSummit,the
goalofwhichwastosetaframeworkfortheIsraeliEgyptianpeacetreatyof1979.It
describesthethreemainpointsagreeduponduringthesummit,thesepointsbeing,astate
ofpeaceanddiplomacybetweenEgyptandIsrael,apromiseofthewithdrawalofIsraeli
forcesfromEgyptianterritory,aswellasapledgetoopentalks.Thoughconcise,it
offers,objectively,theessentialbasicinformationneededtounderstandthepurposeof
thissummit.
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CIASpillsCampDavidSecretson1978EgyptianIsraeliAgreement.TheGuardian.N.d.
Web.09Oct2014.
ThisNewspaperarticlegivesusaninsighttonewlyfoundinformationwhichtheCIAhas
recentlyallowedaccessto.ItprovidesfirsthandaccountsfromCarter'snationalsecurity
adviseraswellastheinformationandopinionsgatheredfromtheCIAbutofcoursethere
arethingsthattheyrefusedtomention.TheauthorsexplainhowJimmyCarterinfluenced
thepeaceprocessgreatly.AlthoughnowbecauseofactionstakenbypresidentObama
ourtieswithEgypthaveweakened.ThisarticlemayhelpusonourresearchonJimmy
CartersinfluenceontheArabIsraelipeaceprocessbecauseitexplainshowCarterwas
abletopavethewayofthose13daysincampdavidandbroughtontheseAccordswhich
weregreatlybenefitingtobothEgyptandIsraelandhecontinuestopromotepeaceinthis
partoftheworld.
Eban,Abba."CampDavid:TheUnfinishedBusiness."ForeignAffairs57.2(1978):34354.
JSTOR.Web.29Oct.2014.
Thisscholarlyjournalarticlereviewsthesubsequenteffectsofthe1978CampDavid
SummitandtheresultingEgyptIsraelpeacetreatyintheMiddleEast.Theauthor,Abba
EbanwasanIsraelidiplomatandpolitician,previouslyservingasForeignAffairs
Minister,DeputyPrimeMinister,andIsraeliambassadortotheUnitedNations.Thebasis
isonthehistoriesofArabs,Israelis,andtheUnitedNations,intheregionaswellastheir
perspectivesandthechangethereoffollowingthemonumentaltreaty.Ebanfocusses
specifically,onthenewfoundArabacknowledgementofthestateofIsraelaswellasthe
newfoundIsraeliacceptanceofpeacearealandfeasible,multilateraldiplomatic
possibility.Inaddition,heassessesthepossibilityofthistreatyinspiringotherArab
nationsandpeoplessuchasthePalestinians,specificallythePalestineLiberation
Organizationandthemanypossiblenegativeconsequencesofthisradicalthought.Thus,
heprovidesreasonforskepticismandobjectionofthispeacesimilartothatseen
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followingthe1973GenevaPeaceConvention.Heconcludes,statinganidealofpeace
andcommunityintheMiddleEast,despiteskepticism,thatfollowingCampDavid
appearsplausible.Thisarticlethoughforthemostpartobjective,isverybiasedin
supportofIsrael.
"EgyptDeclaresCampDavidAccordswithIsrael'notaSacredThing'"TheTelegraph.
TelegraphMediaGroup,15Sept.2011.Web.24Oct.2014
ThisarticleassessesthestateofpeacebetweenIsraelandEgyptfollowingtheCamp
Davidaccordsandtheresultingpeacetreaty.Theauthor,AdrianBloomfield,isan
accomplishedjournalistcoveringtheMiddleEastandwritingfortheDailyTelegraphs
Jerusalembureau.HebasesthisarticleonanalysesofrecenteventsinIsraelandEgypt
sparkingdebate,protest,andmassivecontroversyrelatingtothe35yearoldtreaty
betweenthetwocountries.Thefocusisonrisingtensionsbetweenthesecountriesand
prospectivespeedyresolution,upholdingthehistoricaccords.Bloomfieldpresentsboth
perspectives,theEgyptianonecallingforrevisionsoftheresultingtreatysothatitmight
beequallybeneficialtobothpartiesaswellastheIsraelionecallingforrespectofthe
historictreatyandaccords,especiallyinitstimeofconflict.Hedoessowithlittlerelative
biasandfromanobjectivepointofview.
EgyptSpotlight.Digitalimage.EAWorldView,n.d.Web.
ThismapshowsthepoliticalbordersofIsrael,Egypt,TheWestBank,andtheGazaStrip
andSinai.Itdemonstratestheareasofconflictandsettlementissues,aidinginour
backgroundresearchofthesummit.
EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadatandIsraeliPrimeMinisterMenachemBeginAcknowledge
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ApplauseduringaJointSessionofCongressinWhichPresidentJimmyCarter
AnnouncedtheResultsoftheCampDavidAccords.Digitalimage.LibraryofCongress.
N.p.,n.d.Web.
PortrayingtherelationshipbetweenBeginandSadataswellasthestateofpeacebetween
theirnationsfollowingtheCampDavidsummit,thisphotographshowsthefaceoftwo
nationsnewlyalliedthroughtheworkofPresidentCarter.Itplantsaseedofhopeforthe
MiddleEastandgivespraisetoCartersefforts,allowingustoseethelonglastingresults
ofCampDavid.
Election1976JimmyCarter.Digitalimage.EagletonInstituteofPolitics.EagletonInstituteof
Politics,n.d.Web.
ThisphotoofCartershowshimaddressingthepeopleoftheUnitedStates,askingthem
tovoteforhim.Itdepictshimasaleader,helpingusinconnectingourprojecttothe
themevisually.
Fernandez,ErwinS."THEUNITEDSTATESANDTHEARABISRAELICONFLICT
(UN)FORGINGFUTUREPEACE."InternationalSocialScienceReview80.1/2(2005):
4150.JSTOR.Web.30Oct.2014.
ThisscholarlyjournalwaswrittenbyErwinS.Fernandeztoinformreadersaboutthe
legacyofCampDavid.ThisisareliablesourcebecauseErwinisahistoriananda
researcher.AmericahassupportedIsrael,andbecametheirallyinMiddleEast.This
angeredtheArabs,andmadethisahugeconflict.ByagreeingtosidewithIsrael,
Americafailedtoforgealastingpeace.Peacetalksarenowstillbeingmade,which
supportsthefactthatafterCampDavid,theattemptsatpeacearestillbeingcontinued.
Friedman,ThomasL.FromBeiruttoJerusalem.NewYork:Doubleday,1990.7+.Print.
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ThissectionofFromBeiruttoJerusalemdiscussesPresidentJimmyCarter'sactiverole
intheMiddleEast,duringandindependentofhispresidentialterm.Theauthor,Thomas
L.Friedmanisawellknownjournalist,columnist,andauthor,currentlywritingforThe
NewYorkTimesandfocusingspecificallyonforeignaffairs,globalization,andthe
MiddleEast.HeisagraduateoftheUniversityofOxfordanda3timerecipientofthe
PulitzerPrize.HebasesthissectionofthebookspecificallyonCarter'seffortsin
brokeringpeaceintheMiddleEast,specificallythrougheventsliketheCampDavid
Summit.HebrieflyanalyzestheeffecttheseeffortshaveonAmericanMiddleEastern
ties.Furthermore,throughoutFriedmanobservesthenecessityofimmenseinitiativeand
understandingofflexibilityinbrokeringasuccessfulsettlementoragreementbetween
ArabnationsandArabandIsraelis.Moreover,heconcludesthatCarter'sapproachto
theseissuesisextremelyeffective,crisp,andfair,warrantingAmericansupportinthe
region.Thissourceisbiasedandsubjective,thoughhighlyinformative,inthatFriedman
offershisopinionsonthesubjectof,morespecifically,methodsofbrokeringpeaceinthe
MiddleEastandtheireffectiveness.
Glad,Betty."AmericanExperience:TV'sMostwatchedHistorySeries."PBS.PBS,n.d.Web.
02Mar.2015.
ThisarticleaddressesPresidentJimmyCartersgreatestsuccessesincludingtheCamp
Davidnegotiations.ThearticleprovidesuswithinformationregardingtheSummit,
before,during,andafterpeacewasachieved.Ithelpedusinourresearchbecauseit
provideduswiththegreatobstaclesCarterhadtofaceandhowheusedhisleadership
skillstoovercomethem.Italsoservedasabasisforourproject,demonstrating
everythingwewantedtointhedocumentary.
Glad,Betty."TheRealJimmyCarter."TheRealJimmyCarterAmericas39thPresidentWas
NottheWeakandIneffectiveLeaderofPopularCaricature.ButBarackObamaCould
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StillLearnfromHisFailings.N.p.,21Jan.2010.Web.29Oct.2014.
TheRealJimmyCarterisanarticlepublishedintheForeignPolicypoliticalmagazine,
amagazineofglobalpolitics,economicsandideas.Thearticleexpressesthemultiple
foreignpoliciesestablishedbyCarterduringandafterhispresidency.Itismadeclearthat
theactionsCarterhastakentowardspeacehaveaffectedmanypeopleandcontinueto
affectthemincountlessways.Thearticleadditionallydiscussestherelationshipbetween
howCarterdealtwithmanyissuestohowObamawould,andhasdealtwiththem.There
isaclearbiasinthistextinfavorofJimmyCarter'sefforts.TheauthordefendsCarter
manytimesthroughoutthearticle.
"GroupDevelopmentAtCampDavidSummit,1978."GroupDevelopmentAtCampDavid
Summit,1978.SageJournals,n.d.Web.05Mar.2015.
ThissourcewasresearchconductedontheCampDavidsummit.Cartersnegotiatory
roleisshownthroughthisstudy.Withthiswewereabletofurtherexplainwhatmade
Cartersmethodssoeffective.fromtheconclusionsdrawnhereCarterswrongdoings
werealsoexpressedandwiththisweweremoreabletobuildastrongantithesis
Hochman,Steven."JimmyCarterBiography."JimmyCarterBiography.CarterCenter,n.d.
Web.19Feb.2015.
ThiswebsiteprovidedmygroupmembersandIwithbackgroundinformationon
PresidentJimmyCarter.Learningabouthimhelpedusprovehisleadershipskillsby
learningaboutthetypeofpersonheis.Forexample,itdemonstratesCarters
determinationandweconcludedthatthisdeterminationwasagreatfactorinhissuccess.
Hyde,HenryJ."MoreThanEver,Carter'sCampDavidTenacityImpresses."LosAngelesTimes.
LosAngelesTimes,10Feb.1989.Web.09Nov.2014.
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ThisarticleacknowledgesthesignificanceoftheCampDavidaccordsandspecifically
CartersroleinsecuringtheminatimeofMiddleEasttransition.Theauthor,HenryJ.
Hyde,wasaUnitedStatespolitician,memberoftheHouseofRepresentativesservingon
theHouseForeignAffairsCommittee,andrecipientofthePresidentialMedalfor
Freedom.HefocussesontherevolutionarynatureofthenegotiationsatCampDavid,
greatlydeservingpraise.Throughouthepresentsvariedbiasesonthesubjectofthe1978
summitincludingthemanycriticismsaswellastheaccomplishments.Heconcludesthat
theaccomplishmentswereinfactsogreatandwerewithoutadoubtCarters.
Furthermore,hestatestwolessonstobelearnedfollowingtheagreements,one,achange
inpoliticsoftheMiddleEast,andtwo,thenecessityofAmericaninterventionand
leadershipinmediation.ThisarticleissubjectiveandbiasedinthatitpraisesCarterand
aboveall,theagreementsatCampDavid.
ImageofZbigniewBrzezinski.Digitalimage.SchoolofAdvancedInternationalStudiesJohns
HopkinsUniversity.JohnsHopkinsUniversity,n.d.Web.6Apr.2015.
ThisphotodepictstheNationalSecurityAdvisorunderPresidentJimmyCarter,
ZbigniewBrzezinski.ThisphotoisfromJohnHopkinsuniversitywherehenowworks.
Wewerefortunateenoughtogetaninterviewwithsuchabusymanandweusedthis
photoinourdocumentarytoshowhisimportance.
"JimmyCarterWorksTheWorld."JSTOR.N.p.,1990.Web.30Oct.2014.
ThejournalentrydiscussesthemanywaysofwhichformerPresidentJimmyCarterhas
positivelyimpactedtheworld.Hehasadvocatedforpeacewhileinofficeandlongafter.
Infactheisstilldoingsotoday,at90yearsold.Cartercontinuestohavepeacetalks
betweenforeigncountries.HismostknownandaffectivepeacetalkwasheldatCamp
David.FromthiscametheCampDavidAccordswhichweredocumentsimplementing
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peacebetweenIsraelandEgypt.ThisjournalwasenteredintheHumanRightsjournal.
Thejournalcoversawiderangeoftopicsinthehumanandcivilrightsarena.Itrelates
welltoJimmyCarterslonglastinglegacybecauseitprovidesmanypointsofwhichhis
actionswithpeacestillaffecttheworldinmanywaystoday.
Kaplan,Sunny."ClintonWantsCampDavidtoWorkItsMagic."LosAngelesTimes.Los
AngelesTimes,11July2000.Web.09Nov.2014.
Thisnewspaperarticlediscussesthegoalsofthe2000CampDavidSummitmodeled
afterthesummitof1978.Theauthor,SunnyKaplan,isacommunicationsspecialistfor
TheWorldBankandpreviously,atalentedstaffwriterfortheLosAngelesTimes.She
basesthearticleonthehistoryofCampDavidandotherinstancesofsignificant
presidentialdiplomacytakenplacethere.Inadditionshestatesthesignificanceofthe
previoussummitanditsresultingpeaceintheMiddleEast.Kaplanconcludesthatthe
1978summitaswellotherinstancesofsignificanthistoricalachievementatCampDavid
weregreatinspirationforPresidentClintoninholdingthe2000summit.Thisarticleis
biasedandsubjectiveinthatitthoroughlypraisesCampDavidandthesummitof1978
observedbyPresidentCarter.
Lord,Jeffrey."JimmyCarter'sLegacyofWar."TheAmericanSpectator.TheAmerican
Spectator,6June2014.Web.28Oct.2014.
ThisarticlefromttheAmericanSpectatorwhichisaconservativeU.S.monthlymagazine
coveringnewsandpoliticswrittenJune16ofthisyeardiscussestheeffectthatJimmy
CarterhasleftontheUnitedStatesofAmericaseveralyearsafterhispresidency.The
authorbelievesthatCarterisatfaultforthesituationinIraqrightnow.Althoughhehas
donemanygreatthingstopromotepeaceinthemiddleeasthehasalsonegatively
affectedournation.Basedonthisarticle,JimmyCarterwasresponsibleforIraq
becomingwhatitistodayanIslamicfundamentalistterrorstatewhichiswhyweareat
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warwiththemconstantly.Theauthorofthisarticle,JeffreyLordwasanassistantto
formerpresidentRonaldReagan.ThereisagreatbiasinthistextagainstCarterbutit
maystillhelpusinourresearchprojectbecauseanegativelegacystillhasalonglasting
effect.
Mahmood,Zahid."JimmyCarterandCampDavidTheBloodofAbraham:Insightsintothe
MiddleEast.JimmyCarter."JournalofPalestineStudies15.1(1985):12528.Web.12
Dec.2014.
ThisscholarlyjournalwascreatedbytheJournalofPalestineStudiestofocusonthefact
thatthepeaceissuesbetweenArabsandIsraelisshouldbeadmired,aswellashowthe
promisesmadebyPresidentJimmyCarterregardingtheCampDavidAccordswerenot
fulfilled.Theauthor,ZahidMahmood,isfromPakistanandaPh.Dcandidateinpolitical
scienceatColumbiaUniversity.Thisarticleisbasedonhistoricalfactsandsome
opinion,itgivesusinsightonthetwo"sides"ofPresidentCarter,andhowthosesides
affectedhispresidency.Onesideofhimisgood,emphasizingpeace,humanrights,and
nucleardisarmament,whiletheothersideisweakandvacillating.Theconclusiondrawn
isthatPresidentCartertriedtopleaseeveryoneduringhispresidency,butendedupnot
followingthroughwithhispromisesofwhattheCampDavidAccordsweresupposedto
doforthepeople.
Mahmood,Zahid.JSTOR.N.p.,n.d.Web.17Oct.2014.
ThisacademicjournalentrybyZahidMahmoodgivesmanydetailsaboutwhatreally
happenedatCampDavid.TheauthorgivesusanideaofhowCarterfeltwhenhefirst
arrivedatCampDavid.Shestatesthattheargumentspresentedatthesummitswere
unacceptabletotheArabs.SadatpersuadedCartertodeviseanAmericanpeaceplan
whichhewasforcedtosignatthepeaceconferenceatCampDavid.Theaccordswere
muchlessthanSadatactuallysought.Carterbeingabletoachievethisshowsdifficult
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beinginthemiddleofthesetwocountrieswasforCarter.Althoughthistexthasan
obviousbiasitstillgivesgoodinformationthatcanbeusedtohelpanswermyresearch
question.
Malley,Robert,andHusseinAgha."CampDavid:ATragedyofErrors."TheGuardian.
GuardianNewsandMediaLimited,19July2001.Web.9Nov.2014.
ThisnewspaperarticlefromTheGuardiananalyzesthesuccessorlackthereofofthe
2000CampDavidsummit,modeledafterthe1978summitheldbyPresidentJimmy
Carter.IthelpedusinassessingthelegacyoftheCampDavidsummitbylearningabout
howtheresultsofthesummitwouldgodowninhistory.
MapofIsrael.Digitalimage.KibbutzDays.ColumbiaUniversity,n.d.Web.
ThismapshowsthelocationsofSinaiandEgyptandhowclosetheterritorieswere.It
visuallyexplainstheterritorialconflictbetweenEgyptandIsraeloverSinai.
Masciotra,David."JimmyCarterWasaLotBetterPresidentThanAlmostAnyoneEver
Admits."TheDailyBeast.Newsweek/DailyBeast,01Apr.2014.Web.27Oct.2014.
ThisnewspaperarticleispostedontheDailyBeast,anAmericannewsreportingand
opinionwebsite.Thearticle,writtenbyDavidMasciotra,expressestheamountof
appreciationJimmyCarterdeservesandhowalthoughmanybelieveCartermademany
badchoiceshewasstillanamazingpresident.Thisisbecauseoftheceasefirehecreated
betweenIsraelandEgyptTheCampDavidAccordswhicharestillstandingtoday.
AdditionallyhelookedoutforAmericansasawhole,notonlywashethefirstpresident
towanttouseourownoilbuthealsoderegulatedthetrucking,airline,andbeer
industries.Thisleadtotheenterprisethatraisedoureconomy.Thereisanobviousbiasin
thisarticleinfavorofformerPresidentJimmyCarter.Theauthorgraduatedfromthe
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UniversityofSt.FranciswithaBachelorsDegreeinPoliticalSciencein2007therefore
heisareliableauthor.
Michaels,Jim."JimmyCarterCallsforRecognizingTerrorGroupHamas."USAToday.Gannet
Company,5Aug.2014.Web.20Sept.2014.
ThisarticlefocussesspecificallyonthestrongpositionsofformerpresidentJimmy
CarterpertainingtotheIsraeliPalestinianConflict.Itprovidesalensintothemindof
Carterwhoseinterestintheregionsoovercomebywarhasnotonlyreestablishedhimon
thepoliticalfieldbutbeenhispresidentialbane.Lackingbias,itdelvesintotherecent
statementsofAmericasoutspokenthirtyninthpresident.InthispublicationMichaels
doesagreatjobofanalyzingPresidentJimmyCarterscontinuancetodiphistoesin
issuesoftheMiddleEast.HethoroughlydigressesCarterslogicincallinguponthe
WesternWorldtorecognizeHamas,thepartysoadamantlydismissedasaterrorist
group,asapoliticalactorrepresentingthemajorityofthepalestinianpeople.Hereinitis
evidentthatCarterisatrueunabashedandbravecriticoftheIsraeliwaronPalestinian
civiliansaswellastrueandwesterndefinedterrorism.
Nir,Ori."EgyptthroughIsrael'sEyesAmericansforPeaceNow."AmericansforPeaceNow.
N.p.,n.d.Web.05Mar.2015.
ThepictureoftheEgyptianflagtogetherwiththeIsraeliflagshowsthepeacebrought
betweenthetwoaforementionednations,achievedbyCarter.Weusedthispictureto
expressCarterslegacyandthelegacyofthesummit.
Neumann,RobertG."TheMiddleEastAfterCampDavid:PerilsandOpportunities."The
WashingtonQuarterly2.Sup001(1979):2938.Web.
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ThisarticlewaswrittenbyRobertG.NeumanntoshowreadersthestateoftheMiddle
EastafterCampDavid.ThisisareliablesourcebecauseRobertwasanAmerican
politiciananddiplomat,healsoservedasambassadortoAfghanistan,Morocco,and
SaudiArabia.CampDavidhashelpedEgyptandIsraelrealizethatthey'reproblemisthat
theyboththinktheyareright,andthattheybothwantthesamethings,whetherthey
realizethisornot.Thisshowsthattheproblemhasgrown,andtheperceptionsofithas
grownaswell,andmanyactionsaretryingtobeaccomplishedtohelpfurtherpeace.
Rifkin,Lena."TheWestBank:WaveofPoliticalArrestsafterCampDavid."MERIPReports
No.74(1979):2122.JSTOR.Web.30Oct.2014.
Thisscholarlyjournalarticleassessestheimmediatelegacyofthe1978CampDavid
SummitamongPalestinians.Theauthor,LenaRifkin,wasawriterfortheMiddleEast
Report,publishedbytheMiddleEasternResearchandInformationproject.Shebasesthe
articleonobservationsoftensionsbetweenIsraelisandPalestiniansafterthesummit,
focussingspecificallyonthesystematicpoliticalarrestsandimprisonmentofPalestinians
amongotherviolationsofrightsincludingthatofexercisingfreespeech.Further,Rifkin
identifiesthecauseofthesearrestsasbeingoutspokendisagreementwithBeginspolicy
ofautonomydiscussedatCampDavid,thisbeinganunpatrioticactholdingtheweightof
terrorism.Assessingthis,sheconcludesthattheCampDavidSummithassimplyresulted
intheIsraelirepressionofPalestinianthoughtandspeechonthebasisoffear.Onthe
otherhand,shealsostatesanothereffectbeinggreaterPalestinianrevoltspeakingtothe
lackofeffectivenessofthisrepression.Thisarticleissubjectiveandbiasedtoward
Palestiniansinthatitadvocatesfortheirrights.
Terry,JaniceJ."TheCarterAdministrationandthePalestinians."ArabStudiesQuarterly
12.1/2,AMERICAANDTHEPALESTINIANS(1990):15365.JSTOR.Web.14Oct.
2014.
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ThisacademicjournalbyJaniceJ.TerryexplainshowformerpresidentJimmyCarter
helpsbringpeacetoPalestine.Itprovidesfirsthandaccountsfrommanyinfluential
peopleinpalestine.ThearticleexplainshowtheCarteradministrationhaddirectcontact
withthePalestiniansandreallypushedforthegreatergoodforthem.Evenduringthe
"reassessment"Carterelectedmanyofficialsofwhichgavetheopinionofthe
Palestinians.Carterreallyemphasizedsafety,thishelpedreassurethepeopleofthe
MiddleEast.ThisarticlemayhelpusonourresearchonJimmyCartersinfluenceonthe
ArabIsraelipeaceprocessbecauseitgivesgreatevidenceprovingCartersattemptsof
bringingpeacetotheMiddleEast.ThearticlealsoshowthatCarterreallywantedtohelp
thePalestiniansanditwasn'tjustlookingtobenefithimself.
Quandt,WilliamB."CampDavidandPeacemakingintheMiddleEast."JSTOR.TheAcademy
ofPoliticalScience,n.d.Web.16Oct.2014.
ThisscholarlyjournalwascreatedbyTheAcademyofPoliticalSciencetoinform
readersabouttheattempttoresolvepeaceissuesbetweentheArabsandEgypt.The
authorisWilliamB.QuandtwhoisanAmericanscholar,author,andprofessoremeritus
intheDepartmentofPoliticsattheUniversityofVirginia.Hepreviouslyservedinthe
ForeignPolicyStudiesProgramattheBrookingsInstitutionandasamemberonthe
NationalSecurityCouncilintheRichardNixonandJimmyCarterAdministrations.This
articleisbasedonhistoricalfacts,anditgivesreadersinsightonwhytheCampDavid
Accordswerecriticizedandnotasgreatastheyweremadeouttobe.Theconclusion
drawnisthattheCampDavidAccordsmayhavenotcompletelysettledtheissues
betweenthetwocountries,buttheydefinitelyhadanimpactandweresuccessfulin
certainaspects.
PrimarySources
"TheAssociationforDiplomaticStudiesandTrainingForeignAffairsOralHistoryProject."
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InterviewbyCharlesS.Kennedy.LibraryofCongress,n.d.Web.05Mar.2015.
ThisinterviewofPresidentJimmyCarterprovideduswithalotofinformationthatreally
helpedus.MostofthequestionsaskedwerequestionswewouldaskCarterifwe
interviewedhim.TherewasalotofbackgroundonCarterandwhyhegotintopolitics
whichaddedgreatlytoourunderstandingofhisleadershipskillsandhowheapplied
them.
Brzezinski,Zbigniew."InterviewwithZbigniewBrzezinski."Telephoneinterview.30Mar.
2015.
ZbigniewBrzezinskiisaPolishAmericanpoliticalscientist,geostrategist,andstatesman.
whoservedasUnitedStatesNationalSecurityAdvisortoPresidentJimmyCarterfrom
1977to1981.Wewereluckyenoughtoholdaphoneinterviewwithhim.Duringour15
minuteinterviewhegaveusmuchinformationclearlyrelatingtoourthesis.Indoingso,
hegreatlyhelpedusbygivingusaninsightintowhatreallyhappenedatCampDavid.
Brzezinski,Zbigniew.TalkingPointswithPrimeMinisterBegin:JimmyCarterLibrary,PDF.
ThisdocumentexplainsthatevenaftertheCampDavidAccords,toughnegotiations
continueduntilMarch,1979.ItisamemofromNationalSecurityadvisorZbigniew
BrzezinskitoPresidentJimmyCarter,aidingusinunderstandingthedifficultyofthe
process.
Butt,Gerald.MenachemBegin.Digitalimage.BBCNews.BBCNews,n.d.Web.
ThisphotoisadepictionMenachemBeginwhowasthesixthprimeministerofIsrael.
BeginplayedalargeroleinhelpingCarterachievewhathedidandthisphotographaided
usinaddingtothevisualqualityofourdocumentary.
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"CampDavidAccordsSigned."History.com.A&ETelevisionNetworks,n.d.Web.05Mar.
2015.
ThisarticleandaudioclipsfromtheHistoryChannel'swebsiteexplainsthesignificance
ofSeptember17thelastdayoftheSummitfromtheperspectivesofBeginandSadat.
ThearticleaddressesthesignificanceofthissummitandhowmuchitbenefitedCarter,
SadatandBegin,helpingusbeginlegacyresearch.
Carter,Jimmy.JimmyCarterLibrary,n.d.PDF.
ThisdocumentshowsamessagePresidentJimmyCartersenttoPrimeMinisterBegin
andPresidentSadattryingtosuggestarespectableclosure,howeveritwasafailed
attemptatpeaceeffort.ItaidsinourunderstandingofCarterscontinuouseffortsfor
peace.
Carter,Jimmy."Preamble."Preface.MuhammadAnwarAlSadat,PresidentoftheArab
RepublicofEgypt,andMenachemBegin,PrimeMinisterofIsrael,MetwithJimmy
Carter,PresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,atCampDavidfromSeptember5to
September17,1978,andHaveAgreedonthefollowingFrameworkforPeaceinthe
MiddleEast.Washington:UnitedStatesGovernmentPrintingOffice,1977.N.pag.Print.
SettingtheFrameworkforPeacebetweenIsraelandEgypt,thisdocument,foundthrough
theNationalArchivesandTrumanLibraryclearlystatestheagreementsofthe1978
CampDavidAccords.WritteninPresidentCarterswords,hismassiveroleinthepeace
processasamitigatorbecomesevidenttous.
CampDavid25.JimmyCarterLibrary,n.d.PDF.
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ThisdocumentdemonstratesthefactthateventhoughtheEgyptIsraelPeaceTreatywas
asuccess,theMiddleEastcontinuedtofaceconflictsthroughouttheCarter
administration.ItgivesusinsightintothelegacyofCampDavid.
CampDavid25.JimmyCarterLibrary,n.d.Web.
TheJimmyCarterlibrarygreatlyhelpedmygroupmembersandIingettingamultitude
ofprimarysources,theCampDavidcollectionprovidesuswith25PDFsincluding,
images,letterswrittenbyCarter,andaminutebyminuteschedulefromtheSummit.
Severaldocumentsfromthiscollectionwereveryhelpful,weusedthemasvisualsinour
documentaryaswellasevaluatingthemandgettingasmuchinformationregarding
Carteraspossible.
TheDailyDiaryofPresidentJimmyCarter:JimmyCarterLibrary.PDF.
ThesedocumentsshowPresidentJimmyCartersschedulethroughoutthenegotiation
process.ItisevidentwithinthatCarterhadseveralmeetingswithbothoftheattending
worldleaderswhentryingtobringthemtogether.Theyhelpedusinassessinghishard
workthroughout.
Gordis,Daniel.HowMenachemBeginMadePeaceWithIsraelsGreatestEnemy:Egypt.
Digitalimage.TabletMag.Web.
Thisprimaryphotographshowsthethreeleaderstogether.Thisisapeacefulandhappy
picturethatdepictsthepeacethatPresidentJimmyCarterworkeddiligentlytoachieve.It
aideduswiththelegacyportionofourproject.
Gwertzman,Bernard."AccordonSinaiOilOpensWaytotheFirstPeaceinMideastDispute."
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TheNewYorkTimes26Mar.1979,LateCityed.:n.pag.TheNewYorkTimes.TheNew
YorkTimesCompany.Web.30Oct.2014.
ThisarticlediscussestheachievementofsigningtheEgyptIsraelPeaceTreatyfollowing
muchnegotiation.Theauthor,BernardGwertzmanisanaccomplishedjournalistand
editor,previouslyworkingfortheWashingtonStar,TheNewYorkTimes,andcurrently
fortheCouncilonForeignRelations.Hebasesthisarticleonhisowntravelsinthe
MiddleEastwiththenSecretaryofStateHenryKissingerchartingtheArabIsraeli
accordsthatweretoleadtothehistoricaforementionedtreatyaswellasaccountsand
visualsofthetreatyssigning.Kissingerfocussesontheeventitselfaswellasthe
peacefulcelebratorywordsofMenachemBegin,AnwarAlSadat,andPresidentJimmy
Carter.Furthermore,hemakesevidenttheweightofthisinsurmountableaccomplishment
inassessingthehighlyopposedCampDavidSummitandtheprevailingestablishmentof
peaceendingdecadesofwaraswellasthebeginningofadvocationforthePalestinian
people.Thisarticleisobjectiveandlacksbias.
Gwertzman,Bernard."InterviewwithBernardGwertzman."Onlineinterview.16Dec.2014.
BernardGertzmanwasaverynicemanwhowaswillingtotellusmuchabouttheMiddle
Eastasheknew.HehelpedusfurtherunderstandwhytheCampDavidSummittook
placeandhowithelpedtheMiddleEast.ThishelpedusproveexactlyhowmuchCarter
impactedMidEastpeace.Hewasajournalistthatcharteredthefirstarabisraeliaccords
intheMiddleEast,thusheknewalotaboutoursubject.Furthermore,hewrotethe
originalarticleonthe1979peacetreatybetweenEgyptandIsrael.Gertzmanwasan
invaluablesourceofprimaryinformation,veryhelpfulinconductingresearchaboutthe
summit.
"OPAOnlinePublicAccessJimmyCarter."OPAOnlinePublicAccessJimmyCarter.
NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration,n.d.Web.11Dec.2014.
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Thissource,accessedthroughtheNationalArchivesprovideduswithamultitudeof
primaryandsecondarysources.Furthermore,throughthissourcewefound17primary
photographsandavideocontainingbothprimaryandsecondaryinformationtobeused
inourdocumentary.Thus,itwasveryusefulnotonlyintheresearchprocessbutinthe
constructionofourdocumentary.
Palestine:LandOwnershipbySubdistrict(1945).Digitalimage.N.p.,n.d.Web.
ThispoliticalmapshowsexactlyhowmuchofIsraelwasownedbywho.Additionallyit
providesuswithpiechartsshowingexactlyhowmanyofeachpeoplearepresentina
percentage.ItaidedusinunderstandingthePalestinianconflict.
PresidentJimmyCarterDraftSigningStatement.:JimmyCarterLibrary,PDF.
PresidentCarterhandwrotethisstatementanditwasdeliveredatthesigningceremony
oftheEgyptIsraelPeaceTreaty.Thisshowstheeffortthatwasputintothispeace
processbyPresidentJimmyCarteraswellasanimportantpartofitslegacy.
PresidentJimmyCarter,EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat,andIsraeliPrimeMinister
MenachemBeginreviewingMarinesduringCampDavidAccords.Digitalimage.
LibraryofCongress,n.d.Web.
ThispictureshowsformerpresidentJimmyCarterlookingatandjudgingallofthe
marines.Thisshowshisroleasaleaderandcouldhelpourresearchquestionbecausein
thepictureyoucouldseehowcloseCarter,EgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat,andIsraeli
PrimeMinisterMenachemarestandingthereforeshowingtheunityCarterhelpedbring.
Quandt,WilliamB."InterviewwithWilliamB.Quandt."Onlineinterview.16Dec.2014.
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WilliamBQuandtworkedverycloselywithPresidentCarteratcampDavid.Wewere
fortunateenoughtogetaninterviewwithhim.Thisinterviewprovideduswithalotof
veryusefulinformation.Henotonlygaveusaninsightonthesummitbuthealso
describedthroughknowinghimonaprofessionallevelJimmyCarter.Quandtwasalso
abletogiveusinformationonCartersstyleofnegotiationsandhowheachievedhis
goalofpeaceatCampDavid.AlthoughhefavoredCartergreatly,hewasabletopoint
outallofhisflawsduringthesummit,helpingusformulateanantithesis.Allinall
WilliamBQuandtwasveryhelpfulinconductingresearchforthisproject.
Rostropovich,Mstislav.MstislavRostropovich.:JimmyCarterLibrary,PDF.
ThisdocumentshowstheendofthesummitwhenPresidentJimmyCarter,AnwarSadat,
andMenachemBeginwrappeduptheirdiscussionsaboutpeaceonSeptember,17,1978.
Itisaprimarydocumentthathelpedusinformulatingthedocumentary.