anne roe's theory of occupational choice

7/31/2019 Anne Roe's Theory of Occupational Choice

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THEORIES OF CAREER

DEVELOPMENT

ANNE ROES THEORY OF PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL

CHOICE


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Focus is on possible relationships between career

development and personality.

Views the whole range of occupations in terms of

their relationship to individual, differences inbackgrounds, physical and psychological variable and

experiences.

Personality differences that exist among individuals

in diverse occupations are partly the result of

influences of child rearing practices.


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Modes of Child Rearing

Origins of Needs and Interest

Need Structure and Motivation

Different Occupational Groups

Levels of Occupational Groups


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The manner in which parents interact with the child

is one of the major influences on the motivational

intensity of the child.

Parenting Styles (Roe):Emotional concentration on the child: Over-

protective parents and Over-demanding parents

Avoidance of the child: Emotional deprivation orneglect

Acceptance of the child: causally or lovingly


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Parenting Styles (Roe):

Emotional concentration on the child:

Over-protective parents-- full and quick satisfaction of

the child's lower needs but may hesitate in gratifyingthe higher order needs of love and esteem, at the same

time will reward behavior that is socially desirable.

Over-demanding parents-- gratifies the physical needs

promptly and adequately. They lay down conditions of

conformity to their values, and social achievement in

return for the love offered to the child.


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Avoidance of the child: Emotional deprivation or

neglect-- parents who neglect merely the physical well-

being of the child were not causing as harmful aneffect as those parents who neglected the emotional

needs of the child. This emotional rejection of the

child leads to slower emotional development, though it

may not cause misproportioned development.


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Acceptance of the child: causally or lovingly-- too

accepting types will satisfy their children's needs at

most levels in slightly different ways and in varyingdegrees. The personality that develops in children of

accepting parents is capable of seeking gratification of

needs at all levels.


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Genetic inheritance sets limits on the potential

development of all characteristics.

Whether these inherited characteristics will achieve,

surpass or underachieve their potential is determined notonly by the experiences unique to the individual, but also

such factor as race, sex, social and economic position of

the family and general cultural background.

The direction of development of interests, attitudes and

other personality variables which have relatively little

genetic control is determined entirely by individual

experiences.


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Roe used Maslows hierarchy of needs as her framework.

It is greatly influenced by early childhood experience,

whether the needs are frustrated or satisfied.

Selection of occupation depended on individuals need

structure.

Level of attainment depended on individuals level of

ability and socioeconomic background


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Needs that are satisfied routinely as they appear do not

become unconscious motivators.

Needs for which even minimum satisfaction is rarely

achieved will, if of a higher order, become eliminated, ifof a lower order, prevent the appearance of higher order

needs and will become dominating and restricting

motivator.

Need, for which satisfaction is delayed, but eventually

accomplished, will become unconscious motivators,

according to the degree of satisfaction felt.


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The eventual pattern of psychic energies, in terms of

attention directedness, is the major determinant of

interests.

The intensity of these needs and their satisfaction, and

their organization, are the major determinants of the

degree of expressed motivation.


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Person-Oriented

Service

Business Contact

Arts and EntertainmentManagerial

General Culture

Non-Person OrientedTechnology

Outdoors

Science


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OCCUPATIONA

L GROUP

DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

SERVICE Concerned with serving and

attending to the needs and welfare

of other persons.

Therapist, Counselor,

Social Workers,

Detectives, Policemen,Politician, Firemen, Health

Care Professionals, Taxi

Drivers, Houseworkers

BUSINESS

CONTACT

Concerned with face-to-face of

commodities, investments, real

estate and services. The focus is on

persuasion to a course of action.

Sales People, Public

Relations Officer, Brokers,

Insurance Agents,


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OCCUPATIONAL

GROUP


ORGANIZATION Managerial and white collar jobs in

business, industry and government. It

is concerned primarily with theorganization and efficient

functioning of commercial

enterprises and of government

activities.

Industrialists,

Bankers, Financial

Executives

TECHNOLOGY Concerned with the production,

maintenance and transportation of

commodities and utilities. Focus is

on dealing with things.

Engineers,

Craftsmen, Machine

Trades,

Transportation and

Communication


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OCCUPATIONAL

GROUP


OUTDOOR Concerned with cultivation,

preservation and gathering of crops,

marine or inland water resources,forest products and other natural

resources with animal husbandry.

Interpersonal relations are largely

irrelevant.

Architects, Scientists,

Forest Rangers,

Farmers, Fishermen,Loggers, Divers

SCIENCE Concerned with scientific theory and

its application under specified

circumstances other than technology.

Research Scientists,

Medical Specialists,

Medical Technicians


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OCCUPATIONAL

GROUP


GENERAL

CULTURE

Concerned with the preservation and

transmission of the general cultural

heritage. Interest is in human activitiesrather than in individual persons.

Occupations in

education,

journalism,linguistics; lawyers,

scholars, curators

ARTS AND

ENTERTAINMENT

Concerned with the use of special skills

in the creative arts and in entertainment.

Focus is on the relationship between

one person or an organized group and a

more general public. Interpersonal

relation is important but neither so

direct nor of the same nature as that in

group.

Creative artists,

Performers of skill,

athletes, designers,

conductor of music,

interior decorators


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Levels are based on degree of responsibility,

capacity and skill.

Responsibility includes not only the numberand difficulty of the decisions to be made but

also how many different kinds of problems

must be coped with.


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LEVELS OF

OCCUPATIONAL

GROUP

DESCRIPTION CRITERIA (a. Resposibility;

b. Capacity; c. Skill)

PROFESSIONAL AND

MANAGERIAL

(INDEPENDENT

RESPONSIBILITY)

Includes the innovators and

creators and top managerial and

administrative people, as well

as, professionals who have

independent responsibility in

important respects. Theres no

higher authority than the social

group.

a. Important, independent,

varied

b. Policy-making

c. High level of education

PROFESSIONAL AND

MANAGERIAL

Genuine autonomy may be

present but with less significant

responsibilities.

a. Medium level for self and

others, with regard to both

importance and variety

b. Policy interpretation

c. Bachelors/Masteral Degree


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SEMI-

PROFESSIONALAND SMALL

BUSINESS

Concerned with self-

employment and vocationaloccupations

a. Low level

b. Application of policy ordetermination for self only

c. High School/Technical

School

SKILLED Requires apprenticeships or

other special training or

experience.


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SEMI-SKILLED Requires some training and

experience, but less than that oflevel 4. Much less autonomy and

initiative are permitted in these

occupations.

UNSKILLED Requires no special training or

education and not more ability isneeded to follow simple

directions and engage in simple

repetitive actions. Group

differentiation depends primarily

on the occupational setting.


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Combinations of early parent-child relations,

environmental experiences, and genetic features

determine the development of need structure.

anne roe's theory of occupational choice

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