Anne Frank: The Diary of A Young Girl

Intro-29

Original title in Dutch: Het Achterhuis – “the house behind” in 1947

Eleanor Roosevelt: “war’s greatest evil—the degradation of the human spirit”

Otto Frank—only survivor; Miep Gies found diary and helped hide family in warehouse as well

as others in her house

Family left Germany in 1933, when Hitler took power, moved to Amsterdam, Holland

Anne gets diary for 13th birthday (June 12, 1942 – 1929); favorite gift, first entry June 14, calls

diary “Kitty,” feels friends aren’t mature/deep enough, just want to have fun, diary time to be

more serious

“It’s an odd idea for someone like me to keep a diary… because it seems that neither I—nor for

that matter anyone else will be interested in the unbosoming of a thirteen-year-old school girl”

Crush on Peter Wessel; boyfriend Harry (16), he likes her more

“paper is more patient than man”

Jews no allowed on tram, certain stores, out at certain times, bicycles, had to have own school,

must wear a yellow star of David

Courting rituals different—bike home together, touch arm, blow kisses, ask permission

S.S. = Schutzstaffel, Hitler’s top military men

Gestapo = German police

Anne does well in school, but talks a lot, Margot (16) better, “perfect”; parents more concerned

with well-being than grades

Van Daan family—dad’s friend/co-worker, also will hide (mom, dad, Peter)

Margot is the first called up by SS in Frank family

Miep and Hank, married couple that helps along with Mr. Kraler, Mr. Koophuis, and Elli Vosten

Had been storing things for over a year in hiding place, left house and cat as is, layered clothes

on and had one bag each to go into hiding

Mr. Goudsit—rents a room at Frank house, left him a note and incorrect info to mislead

Germans; made it appear they went through Belgium to Switzerland to hide/escape, instead of

hiding in plain sight at place of business.

Dad brought Anne posters to make more homey, cover windows, must watch noise during day

and night, cannot leave hiding place, silence frightens Anne

Margot has cough, drug her at night because she cannot be heard – dangerous for all

Anne thinks Peter is lame – Van Daan’s bring cat; Mrs. VD brings a toilet!

Discuss what goes on outside and that Mr. G found fake address

Mr. Vossen made cupboard/bookshelf to conceal door

Peter is boring

VD’s fight often

Anne feels treated like a baby; VD’s like Margot, not Anne

Mrs. VD = brat

Peter = hypochondriac

Anne’s dad cannot stay made at her

Whistle heard—could have been caught.

Peter likes Anne, she doesn’t feel that way; his parents ask her to like him!

Anne continues schooling—doesn’t want to get left behind from those not in hiding

AF pages 30-46

Mrs. VD = pushy, bitchy, selfish, opinionated, hypocrite, hot headed, flirts with Mr. F and tells

Mr. and Mrs. F they do not raise daughters correctly

Mrs. F stays cool and calm and dishes back

Mr. F = “Pim” – and he’s modest

Plumber comes, must pee in jars “nature’s offerings”

Peter can be fun! Plays dress up—him as a woman, Anne as a man, cracks people up

Elli brings new cloths and secretarial school course in shorthand, Anne moves through class

fastest

Anne’s staying busy – needs to stay distracted from what is happening

Anne gets to read more grown-up books

Houses of both families have been ransacked

Elli’s boyfriend must join German army—doesn’t have a choice

Murders/gassings/hostages – Jews in Holland being gathered up, shipped out on cattle cars to

camps

Doesn’t consider herself German anymore. “Hitler took away our nationality long ago. In fact,

Germans and Jews are the greatest enemies in the world.” (39-40)

Love/hate relationship with mom and sister—seems fairly typical

Anne constantly wants to improve herself… feels like she must be her own mother, and Kitty is

her only friend (Margot gets to read Anne’s diary and vice versa)

Worried about her looks; wants to become a woman –get her period

AF pages 46-62

Wondering if war will end soon? Churchill says no (British Prime Minister)

Not getting as much food—4 illegal ration cards for 8 people

Storing food in attic – spilled 50# of beans! Funny/lucky at same time

Albert Dussel moves in – his wife got out of the country safely before the war

He’s a dentist, to share room with Anne, and supposed to be nice, though no one knows him

well

Was shocked to see them—had heard stories of their escape

“Secret Annex Rules” by the Van Daan family (p. 51-52) to explain house rules

No German spoken in Annex—only “civilized” languages

Anne thinks Dussel is “slow” and he turns out to be a pain

No one is being spared—“March of Death”

Anne growing unhappy… depressed… feeling selfish

Used too much electricity—rationed – 2 weeks none

Anne uses binoculars to spy on neighbors at night

Candle and paper shortage

Sausages—Mr. VD makes a jerky-like meat

Mrs. VD injured ribs exercising/first to volunteer for dental exam—regrets it—all laugh at her

Everyone outside is looking like they’re having a rough time

Anne says she’s learning to bite her tongue to avoid conflict

AF Pages 63-91

Families being separated, taken away, everyone afraid; Anne says they are luckier than millions

Anne is still feeling babied

Air raids fly over hiding spot on way to bomb Germany

No end in sight for WWII

Churchill tries to hold off invasions; Gandhi continues hunger strikes; Bishop says “give help, be

generous and do not dismay”

Pim expects invasion of Holland

Warehouse sold! Didn’t let renters know! Pretended lost key for “communicating door” and

new owner didn’t press issue

“Führer” = leader = Hitler

Everyone is suffering; soup kitchen out of warehouse

Everyone fighting more and more

Putti = Mr. VD’s nickname

Rats—taking over attic, set cat loose on them, Peter bitten by a rat (warehouse cat = Boche)

Girls keeping track of books they’ve read

Mama Frank=champion of Youth – acts like knows a lot about kids, and always wants the best

for them (sarcasm continues)

Running low on food and cigarettes, clothes are falling apart and no longer fitting them, Anne

jokes this would be a good diet

House broken into? Investigate, come up with nothing.

“the wireless” – discussing a wireless radio

Done with shorthand class—on to mythology!

Ordering Jews OUT of German occupied countries by certain dates—people sent to

slaughterhouses—per Rauter

3 of “rescuers” all sick at once

Anne tells mom she doesn’t want her, mom upset, Anne won’t apologize

Air raids worse-losing sleep

Even though warmer, still have fires e-o-night to burn all trash

One mistake could betray them

German students being asked to sign on with “New Order” – 80% refusing so sent to labor

camps and not allowed schooling

Gunfire heard outside. Mr. Dussel invites Mrs. VD into his bed as “his child” – all crack up

Anne needs glasses, cannot get them, scared to think about even leaving Annex

Still hoping for quick finish of war

Anne and Margot are doing office work

“Ordinary people simply don’t know what books mean to us, shut up here. Reading, learning

and the radio are our amusements.” (85)

Mr. D refusing to let Anne use table more often for studies, dad intervenes, she gets her wish

Mr. Dussel = childish and selfish

Burglars steal 2 cashboxes, postal orders, check books, and worst of all, sugar ration book!

Wishes for when out: Mr. VD & Margot = bath, Mrs. VD wants cakes, D wants to see wife, Mrs.

F wants coffee, Mr. F to visit Mr. V, Peter wants to go out on the town to the movies, Anne

wants her own house

Fruit is cheap

AF pages 91-103

Escape Bags packed and ready in case need to run

Mussolini (dictator of Italy) resigns (King of Italy takes over, one of the axis powers)

Anne thinks she should be exposed to more adult topics, better off in real life

Fascism: a governmental

system led by a dictator having complete power,forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism,re

gimenting all industry, commerce, etc., andemphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often

racism.

Flea infestation

Divan = couch, no arms or back

1:45 PM = most peaceful hour—all asleep except Anne who does work

Anne talks to herself more at meal-time than anyone else

“The Art of Living” is what mom calls their days… missing fresh air

Bell taken for war needs—probably melted down into ammo

AF pages 103-125

5:30 PM = warehouse workers go home = “Freedom” in the annex

8:30 AM = quiet time!

Valerian pills = for depression/worry

Van Daan’s out of $$; Mrs. VD doesn’t want to sell stuff; Mr. VD sells her furs and says money is

needed now—not saving it for after the war.

Anne treasures her fountain pen

Opklap = Dutch bed that folds up into the wall and looks like a bookcase

Relationships getting worse

Koophuis still not well; Miep = cold; Elli’s family Diphtheria

Anne = depressed, on edge

“bean rubbing” – making moldy beans sufficient to eat by rubbing them together to get mold off

Dreams of old friend, Lies, worries about her fate

Anne gets flu—Dussel tries to treat

Anne tries to remember how lucky she is, but still wants to be normal

Crying brings her relief sometimes

AF pages 126-143

Dreaming of Granny, Lies and Peter Wessels. Dreams seeming real

Anne rereading diary and trying to understand the way she was a year ago; feels wiser now

Thinks mom tried to be her friend more than a mom, wanted a mom; they equally

misunderstood each other

Getting along better with Margot

Family embarrassed about talking about sex and things related; VD family more open, not

embarrassed

Trying to be friends with Peter VD, but not in-love with him like Peter W.; crossword puzzles

Boyfriends: Karel Samson, Peter Wessels, Harry – boys always liked her; wants to be with PW

again when this is over, sees herself marrying him

Sexual awaking—aware of herself and others, curious to experiment

Into ballet

Dividing things up more and more; Anne wondering if VD’s really are so bad, maybe her family

partially to blame for issues

Peter talks to her about “male parts”—doesn’t faze him as it would have her family.

AF pages 143-160

Anne’s interest in royalty continues-studies family trees

Also studies movie stars, movie reviews, fashion

News continues to be the same RE: war, so lots of talk about the past

“The Free Netherlands” group to help hide people and get them out

Anne is crushing on Peter VD now; dreaming of a combined man (Peter VD + Peter W)

AF pages 161-181

Rescuers and rescued all depressed – Anne feels her mom’s advice to everyone is dumb

Anne upset kids aren’t entitled to open mouths to share opinions even though they have them

Anne talking more to Mrs. VD than her own mom

Peter is “first-rate” like Pim

Falling in love with Peter, thinks he feels the same about her; Mrs. VD approves and teases

about it; Anne lives for time with him

Much more grown up since 1942, but wasn’t truly happy then, more serious now

“I’ve found that there is always some beauty left—in nature, sunshine, freedom, in yourself;

these can all help you. Look at these things, then you find yourself again, and God, and then you

regain your balance.” (171)

Smell of food is terrible

Closing herself off more to family, glad to have Kitty to vent

Adults don’t understand kids want to be independent, not treated as children, just as ALL

adolescents tend to feel, even today

AF pages 181-204

Anne concerned/guilty that Margot might like Peter, too. She says she’s too smart for him, but

she does wish for a companion

Mr. F. says Anne is a prude and vain; she says just vain

Not interested in politics—causes arguments between optimists, pessimists, realists

Enjoys Winston Churchill and his speeches

People are lining up for food, wearing worn out clothes – not enough and no $$

People are resorting to looting whatever they can

People in food offices either helping or telling lies to get people in trouble.

Peter thinks women are tough

Anne desperate for kisses!

“Food cycles” – only one thing to eat for long stretches of time—gross, sick of it, but at least

getting some nourishment

Anne’s latest hobbies: writing, family trees, history, myths, film stars, family photos

Play Monopoly; listen to Mozart concert on radio

Mr. F. mentions burning Anne’s diary if caught—she says NO! Do that and I’m gone, too.

If caught by police, they might be bribed to leave them alone or might be nice people, or not

Need to call Kouphuis to let him know what he needs to do

AF pages 204-225

Miep and Henk arrive, all are relieved, learn more of what happened – Mr. Slagter, night

watchman had seen hole, called police and gone through building; Greengrocer and wife also

noticed, she wanted to call the police, he said no, stating as if in cahoots with Henk, “I don’t

know anything, but I know a lot.” Implying he knows people are hidden and he’s ok keeping

them hidden.

None of those hiding had ever been in that kind of danger before

Changes made in Annex: Mr. D no longer downstairs in office, in bathroom instead; Peter cannot

have window open and does two rounds to check the house; no one to flush after 9:30 PM, new

warehouse doors

Brave, strong and trust in God. “If we bear all this suffering and if there are still Jews left, when

it is over, then Jews, instead of being doomed will be held up as an example” (207).

Post-war Anne plans to become Dutch and do something significant

Bad moods continue—complain “if only it was all over…”

Ironic statement: “’The unbosoming of an ugly duckling’ will be the title of all this nonsense. My

diary won’t be much use to Messrs, Bolkestein or Gerbrandy” (209)

Kiss on cheek – “scandalous” –most girls/women wouldn’t kiss a boy unless engaged or married;

continue to steal kisses

Mr. F believes by May 20 major changes will occur in war

Anne considers using a fake name and submitting her writing to the paper

Dussel not speaking to VD for 10 days; Mr. F stops talking to Dussel, mostly, too

Amount of studying Anne chooses to do before noon is before most of us do all day, maybe all

week!

Peter calls her his “Eldorado”

Anne feels like she’s two people in one, happy/sad/happy/sad…

Anne realizes this is a young romance and it will not pan out to marriage – Peter is too

immature; not enough character , will power, courage or strength

“What, oh what is the use of the war? Why can’t people live peacefully together? Why all this

destruction?” (222)

“Why should millions e spent daily on the war and yet there’s not a penny available for medical

services, artists, or for poor people? Why do some people have to starve, while there are

surpluses rotting in other parts of the world? Oh, why are people so crazy?... There’s in people a

simple urge to destroy, an urge to kill, to murder and rage, and until all mankind, without

exception, undergoes a great change, wars will be waged, everything that has been built up,

cultivated, and grown will be destroyed and disfigured, after which mankind will have to begin

all over again.” (223)

“I have to laugh at the humorous side of the most dangerous moments” (223).

AF pages 226-268 (end of Diary)

Letter Anne wrote dad upset him greatly; he says she still has a lot to learn; she feels it’s the

worst thing she’s ever done.

Prices are skyrocketing on everything – ex: 1 pound coffee is 80 florins (about $22.50 American

dollars in 1944 – today a pound of coffee is around $10-$15, depending what you buy)

Learn both sets of Anne’s grandparents were very rich

Mouschi (cat) pees and it leaks through ceiling—smells

VD’s fight—Mr says he’s always right: Anne, Mrs. F, and Peter all laugh, “Oh, those stupid

grownups, they’d do better to start learning themselves, before they have so much to say to the

younger generation” (235).

Anti-Semitism is growing; Anne hopes it will soon become a thing of the past.

Anne continues to feel sick: all laugh one day, cry the next. Stressful situation

Sewer is blocked = no water/bathrooms

Anne feels safer upstairs than down; wonders if they would be better off dead

Very hot outside

Rome has been taken; heavy bombing along French coast

Dussel beginning to get longings for women; Mrs. VD still flirting…

Anne doesn’t get period for 2 months – sign of being stressed and malnourished

Mrs. VD = Anne’s “chief accusers” – finds fault with all Anne does even though she does most of

it too and some of it worse than Anne

Anne finding more fault with Peter—better off as friends

Anne says “There’s one golden rule to keep before you: laugh about everything and don’t

bother yourself about the others! It sounds selfish, but honestly the only cure for anyone who

has to seek consolation in himself” (252)

German women not in military are being evacuated; children, too

Anne annoyed with Peter’s life goals –wants him to believe in himself

Strawberries, strawberries, strawberries; making jam, downstairs with rescuers, makes Anne

nervous, end up being rushed upstairs when accountant shows up.

Pea pods-=-tons!

What Do You Think of the Modern Young Girl: Slams the youth of the time (similar to what

happens in each generation; Anne feels directly criticized by the author; writing to defend

herself

Anne wants to be treated as her own person, not lumped into a group

“’For in its innermost depths youth is lonelier than old age.’ I read this saying in some book and

I’ve always remembered it and found it to be true. Is it true then that grownups have a more

difficult time here than we do? No. I know it isn’t. Older people have formed their opinions

about everything, and don’t waver before they act. It’s twice as hard for us young ones to hold

our ground, and maintain our options, in a time when all ideals are being shattered and

destroyed, when people are showing their worst side, and do not know whether to believe in

truth and right and God.” (263)

Anne calls herself a “little bundle of contradictions.” Worried about people finding out the

many different thoughts/feelings she has – secretive about herself still as she figures out who

she is

AFTERWORD, AF pages 269-283 (Yes, part of the book will have questions on the test as well!)

All 8 sent to Westerbork, then Auschwitz, Koophuis released for medical care, Kraler to a

work camp, on one of the last trains out of Holland. They almost made it to the end of the

war…

Men & women are separated – last time Otto Frank saw his family

Mrs. Van Daan, Margot, and Anne were considered to be young & strong, so sent on to

Belsen

Anne meets childhood friend at Belsen, Lies Goosen

Mrs. Frank died in Auschwitz on January 6, 1945 (in the infirmary/hospital – refused to eat

and was going crazy being left alone by her family)

Mr. Van Daan was gassed at Auschwitz

Mr. Dussel sent back to Germany, died at Neuengamme camp

When Russia advanced on Auschwitz, the SS fled. Peter was forced to walk west, never

heard from again.

Otto Frank survived and was liberated by the Russians

Mrs. Van Daan died at Belsen, date unknown

Margot died at Belson, end of February-beginning of March 1945 (Anne not told of her

death, but assumed it; Anne was sick at this time, too)

Anne dies before her 16th birthday (sick); died “peacefully” – not at hand of the Nazi’s

Miep and Elli found Diary, saved it and gave it to Otto when he returned to Holland; he

decided to publish it as a memorial to his family and later convinced to publish worldwide –

over 30 countries/languages to date

Anne’s dream to live on after death has come true. Book has been published in several

versions, prompted research, plays, television, movies—her Montessori School in

Amsterdam is named for her, as well as many other memorials to her and this time period.

The Anne Frank Foundation is located IN the warehouse on Prinsengracht Canal,

Amsterdam, Holland – you CAN visit it!

She is buried in an unmarked grave at Belsen

“Her voice was preserved out of the millions that were silenced, this voice no louder than a child’s

whisper… It has outlasted the shouts of the murderers and has soared above the voices of time.” –

Ernst Schnabel

Timeline/Calendar of Events (CoE):

June 12, 1942 = Anne’s 13th birthday, gets diary

June 14 = first diary entry

June 21 = meets Harry, but still likes Peter Wessel

July 5 = dad mentions they will go into hiding soon, girls be girls, parents will worry about it

July 8 = Margot called up by the SS

July 13 = Van Daan’s arrive 1 day early

July 13-16 = Nazi round ups increasing

July 16 = was to be actual day to go into hiding

August 14 = no entries for a month, busy

August 21 = “properly concealed” bookshelf goes up

September 2 = whistle

September 27 = lots of arguments between adults

September 29 = plumber is there; Mrs. VD’s bday

October 1 = bell rings, no reason, scares Anne

October 3 = blow out fight with mom

October 9 = talks of Jews being taken to Westerbrok (cc in Holland)

October 20 = fire extinguishers checked, thought were caught; Miep and Hank spend the night

October 29 = dad sick, cannot call doctor

November 1 = attempt first fire in fireplace

November 8 = Peter’s 16th birthday (Monopoly, razors, lighter)

November 16 = Albert Dussel, dentist, arrives. 8th person

November 19 = “March of Death”

November 28 = electricity turned off for two weeks

December = first week = Chanuka

December 6 = celebrate St. Nicholas Day for first time

December 10 = making sausage/dental exams begin

December 22 = all getting extra butter for xmas!

January 13, 1943 = families separated and taken away; planes flying over to bomb Germany

January 30 = Anne still being called a baby

February 5 = all fighting; soup house in warehouse for people suffering

February 27 = Pim expects invasion soon; house sold, still can rent, still safe

March 10 = AA guns outside (anti-aircraft); discover rats in attic

March 12 = sick of food they have, less and less, outgrowing and wearing out clothes

March 25 = house broken into? But all OK

March 27 = done with shorthand class; Jews move out by July 1 from German occupied

countries – all off to be slaughtered

April 1 = 3 of rescuers all sick at same time; eaves drop through floor on meeting in warehouse

Pim feels needs to attend, girls help

April 2 = Anne tells mom doesn’t need her, mom cries, Anne won’t apologize

April 27 = all still fighting; air raids more frequent; food miserable, would be a good diet

May 1 = worried about declining manners; getting less butter

May 18 = witnesses air raid—allied planes shot out of sky, Canadians; students must sign on

with “new order” – 80% refuse, sent to labor camps

June 13, 1943 = Anne’s 14. Poem from dad, sweets and more stuff about mythology

June 15 = Mr. V. has cancer; have to get different radio next month, radio keeps hope alive

July 16 = burglars break in with success

July 19 = North Amsterdam heavily bombed, “approaching destruction”

July 23 = dreaming about what will do after war

July 26 = warning sirens, gunfire, bombs outside – morning and night; Mussolini resigns

August 3 = Fascist Party banned in Italy, good thing

August 4-9 = details a typical “day in the life”, lots of noises, not a lot of sleep

August 10 = Dussell requests banned book, Miep given a hard time by SS, lucky not arrested.

September 8 = Italy has capitulated (surrendered)

September 16 = VM, warehouseman, getting suspicious of Annexe

September 29 = Mrs. VD birthday = gifts; Elli feeling overwhelmed

October 17 = VD family out of $$

November 3 = Pim orders Latin classes; thinks Anne needs a Children’s Bible for St. Nick’s day

November 11 = Anne accidentally cremates her fountain pen

November 16 = Dussel in Annexe for a year – offer condolences or congratulations

November 27 = dreams of Lies (old friend)

December 6 = St. Nick’s Day – not like last year, but try to make it fun with poem and writing

addresses down to put in shoes

December 22 = Anne finally better from flu; extra oil, sweets and syrup for presents – also had

set aside own rations to create gifts for others; war at standstill

December 24 = trying to remember she’s lucky, but still jealous of others; crying helps

December 27 = 1st x-mas present for Anne! Cake “Peace 1944,” biscuits, yogurt for kids, beer for

adults

January 1944 = new year; Anne reviews diary and sees how she’s changed over the year

February 3, 1944 = “invasion fever” as wait for England to move in and defend Holland from

Germans—talk of flooding city as a war tactic

February 12 = getting nicer outside, longing to get out.

February 13 = Anne notices Peter VD noticing her and starts to develop a crush on him!

February 16 = Margot’s birthday

March 1 = another burglary – possibly use of a skeleton key, possibly saw Mr. VD

March 4 = wondering if Peter will fall for her

March 7 = reflecting on life before Annex; 1942; how different they are now

March 14 = people getting extra ration books from are caught—now just 5 books for them all

March 15 = doctor’s prescribing over the phone instead of in person

March 19 = talk with Peter – easier to talk in semi-dark than daylight—best night ever in Annex

according to Anne

March 22 = knows Peter loves her, but not sure if as a sister, friend, or girlfriend; plane crashed

outside

March 23 = coupon men are out of jail; often upstairs in evening for fresh air

March 26 = gather and listen to Winston Churchill on radio—all enjoy him; 350 British planes

drop half a million kilos of bombs on Ijmuiden (port city in Holland)

March 28 = Mrs. F doesn’t let Anne go upstairs as often; Margot now joins them

March 29 = radio mentions collecting diaries, letters and journals from the war; idea excites

Anne – she thinks she’ll have a romantic diary to publish

March 31 = most haven’t had coal for a month (no heat); good news on Russian Front, Hungary

is occupied by Germany

April 4 = Anne talks about dream of becoming a journalist; knows she can write; cannot imagine

living as her mom and Mrs. VD as housewives

April 7 = another break-in; this is the worst – only men investigate, women are scared; broken

door and passersby notice and look in; keep trying to scare off, doesn’t work for a while, police

are then there to protect site. Families must hide and be silent so not to get caught

April 15 = Peter forgets to unbolt door in AM – everyone upset with him; Peter and Anne’s first

kiss that night! A day she’ll remember forever (kiss was just on the cheek)

April 21 = 18th birthday of Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York (the current Queen of

England)

April 27 = Anne still has a cold…

April 30 = Dussel’s birthday, speaking to people again, gets presents

May 2 = Anne shares with dad that she and Peter are more than friends – he’s surprised and not

surprised at the same time; says she shouldn’t go up as often, Peter might not be able to keep

control of himself. Anne disagrees.

May 3 = Bosche (cat) is missing; eating just two meals a day; mostly rotten food

May 5 = dad mad at Anne, thought she would quit going in the attic with Peter, she says she’s

strong, confident and independent, wise beyond her years, so either forbid it or trust me, but

leave me alone!

May 11 = Anne feeling VERY busy, overwhelmed – lots to read, write and do. Talks about

publishing diary under title Het Achterhuis

May 12 = Mr. F’s birthday; Franks’ anniversary of 19 years as well; dad spoiled, but shared all

food

May 19 = Anne feeling sick again, not wanting to eat; says Peter needs love more than she;

feelings cooling towards him

May 20 = water spilled on Anne’s books, etc. She’s upset; family laughs at her; Mr. F. loses bet

with VD (5 bottles yogurt) that the invasion would have come by now.

May 25 = vegetable man picked up for having hid two Jews at his house; cut down further on

meals

June 6, 1944 = D-Day – the invasion has begun (by British and Americans)– excited, but is it too

good to be true?

June 13 = Anne is now 15

June 15 = feeling obsessed with all things nature—probably because hasn’t been in it for years

June 16 = Mrs. VD talking suicide/prison/etc. Mad Peter doesn’t confide in her, and how much

her husband spends on cigarettes

June 23 = now predicting they’ll be freed by Oct. 10

June 30 = bad weather; Anne learning English – writing and reading

July 21 = attempt on Hilter’s life by one of the German generals – failed, but exciting news

August 1, 1944 = Anne’s last entry

August 4, 1944 = Gestapo find them—take 8 + Koophuis and Kraler

1945 = all die, except Otto

May 1945 = war ends

June 1947 = Diary published

1963 = Karl Silberbauer, Gestapo sergeant who had arrested Frank family in 1944 arrested –

charged with two others at deporting nearly 100,000 Jews. Believed that a warehouse

employee betrayed them, receiving about $1.40 per person.

Other:

1/3 Jewish population wiped out

Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan

Allies: United States, Great Britain, etc

This is a primary source—direct from someone who was there

There are facts, but most of writing is emotional. Biased. Her point of view only.

Real names: Van Daan = Van Pels; Dussel = Fritz Pfeffer; Miep & Henk = Miep and Jan Gies

Book has been banned

Maus by Art Spiegelman (1991) – won Pulitzer Prize – based upon interviews with his father, a

holocaust survivor – depicts races of humans as different animals, e.g. Jews = mice; Germans =

cats; non-Jewish Poles as pigs, etc.

Jewish children sometimes safe in orphanages – dress to blend in.

Boredom, fear, lack of human interaction, as well as poor conditions caused kids to die

Approx. 764 escaped from jumping off trains, not many survived the camps

Churches helped hide Jews

Teenagers helped of own free will

Willing to risk lives to save Jews because it wasn’t “us and them” – it was everyone.

Maus ends w/o resolving issues – 3 different endings

Maus Jews survived – caught, but made it

Nazi’s whistle when find someone

Miep found the diary and gave it to Otto – Anne had hidden it and she wanted to give it back to

her

Holocaust started because of anti-Semitism, propaganda; Hilter believed Jews helped them to

lose WWI & economic crisis

Abandoned zoo – people in cages to save them: Jan Zabinski

3 million Jews saved

Germans sent Jews to ghettos and camps

Miep spoke Dutch, German and English

Miep and arresting officer from Austria, something in common, let her off the hook

Eastern Europe worse because more land was occupied and closer to Germany

3-4 Jewish grandparents, you are considered Jewish.

Mom died of starvation

Izieu – remote village that helped Jewish children

Denmark rescued almost all its Jews – they were warned of Nazi plans and had a heads up to

move into Sweden

Jews bribed some people to hide them

Polish Jews easy to spot – lived differently

Kindertransport – early in war, parents paid and applied to have kids sent to England to live with

others in safety. Saved about 10,000 kids.

Candles on the Sabbath eve (Friday night; Sabbath is on Saturday)

Skeleton Key: Works on ALL doors

Endive: a leaf vegetable, similar to lettuce, bitter

Fags: cigarettes

Dungarees: pants

Eldorado: city of gold; king had all gold/turned all to gold

“necking” = making out

German Empire collapsed in 1918 after WWI and not included in the Versailles Peace

Conference, creating the Treaty of Versailles, written to restore Europe – forced to sign by Allies

(Great Britain, Italy, France and U.S. or they would be invaded)

Caused lots of problems as Germans didn’t feel this was fair. In the 1920s the National Socialist

German Workers’’ Party (AKA Nazi Party) was formed – an extremist group. 1921 Hilter gains

leadership role in party as he simplified complex issues, he got a lot of people to agree with his

cause

September 1939 – started trying to expand Germany to the east.