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STUDY GUIDE 2011-2012

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Anne Frank Backstory Study Guide

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Page 1: Anne Frank 2011

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2012

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2010 / 2011 EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH SPONSORS

Syracuse Stage is committed to providing students with rich theatre experiences that explore and examine what it is to be human. Research shows that children

who participate in or are exposed to the arts show higher academic achievement, stronger self-esteem, and improved ability to plan and work toward a future goal.

Many students in our community have their first taste of live theatre through Syracuse Stage’s outreach programs. Last season more than 30,000 students from across New York State attended or participated in the Bank of America Children’s Tour, Backstory performances, artsEmerging, the Young Playwrights Festival, and our Student Matinee Program.

We gratefully acknowledge the corporations and foundations who support our commitment to in-depth arts education for our community.

Lori Pasqualino as “Annabel” in the 2010 Bank of America Children’s Tour:

Annabel Drudge... and the Second Day of School. Photo by Michael Davis

Young Playwrights

Festival, Children’s Tour, & Student Matinees

supported by

Children’s TourNaming Sponsor

ArtsEmerging

John Ben Snow Foundation, Inc.

Student Matinees

SYRACUSE STAGE 2011-2012 BACKSTORY STUDENT STUDY GUIDE

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11/12 BACKSTORY CLASSROOM STUDY GUIDEEditing, Layout & Design by Michelle Scully

Teaching Theatre Timeline The Holocaust Anne’s Story Resources Syracuse Stage Season 2010-11

Find us on:

4. 6. 7. 8.

10. 11.

Study Guide CONTENTS

EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH AT SYRACUSE STAGE

The Bank of America CHILDREN’S TOUR brings high-energy, interactive, and culturally diverse performances to elementary school audiences.

The BACKSTORY Program brings history to life as professional actors portray historical figures in classrooms and other venues.

ArtsEMERGING takes students on an in-depth exploration of one mainstage season production using a multi-cultural, multi-arts lens.

The YOUNG PLAYWRIGHTS FESTIVAL challenges students to submit original ten-minute plays for a chance to see their work performed at Syracuse Stage.

Timothy BondProducing Artistic Director

Syracuse Stage and SU Drama

820 E Genesee StreetSyracuse, NY 13210www.SyracuseStage.org

Director of Educational Outreach Lauren Unbekant (315) 443-1150

Manager of Educational Outreach Michelle Scully (315) 442-7755

Group Sales & Student Matinees Tracey White (315) 443-9844

Box Office (315) 443-3275

Syracuse Stage is Central New York’s premiere professional theatre. Founded in 1974, Stage has produced more than 230 plays in 38 seasons including numerous world and American premieres. Each season, upwards of 80,000 patrons enjoy an exciting mix of comedies, dramas and musicals featuring leading designers, directors and performers from New York and across the country, supported by a full-time and seasonal staff of artisans, technicians and administrators.

Anne FrAnkWritten by Patricia Buckley

Featuring

Erin Kathleen SchmidtDirected by Lauren UnbekantCostume Design by Meggan Camp

My Secret LiFe

BACKSTORY

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INQUIRY How are each of these art forms used in the play?Why are they used? How do they help to tell the story?

Plot What is the story line? What happened before the play started? What does each char-acter want? What do they do to achieve their goals? What do they stand to gain/lose?

Character Who are the people in the story? What are their relation-ships? Why do they do what they do? How do their ages/status/etc. affect them?

Language What do the characters say? How do they say it? When do they say it?

Music How do music and sound help to tell the story?

Spectacle What visual elements support the play? This could include: puppets, scenery, costumes, dance, movement, and more.

Theme What ideas are wrestled with in the play? What questions does the play pose? Does it present an opinion?

that playwrights are mindful of to this day:

Most (but not all) plays begin with a script — a story to be told and a blueprint of how to tell it. In his famous treatise, The Poetics, the ancient Greek

philosopher Aristotle outlined

Other Elements:Conflict/Resolution, Action, Improvisation, Non-verbal communication, Staging, Humor, Realism and other styles, Metaphor, Language, Tone, Pattern & Repetition, Emotion, Point of view.

ACTIVITY

WRITINGVISUAL ART/DESIGNMUSIC/SOUNDDANCE/MOVEMENT

TheArtof

Theatre

TheatreAt its core, drama is about characters working toward goals and overcoming obstacles. Ask students to use their bodies and voices to create characters who are: very old, very young, very strong, veryweak, very tired, very energetic, very cold, very warm. Have their characters interact others. Give them an objective to fulfil despite environmental obstacles. Later, recap by asking how these obstacles affected their characters and the pursuit of their objectives.

Any piece of theatre comprises multiple art forms. As you explore this play with your students, examine the use of:

SYRACUSE STAGE 2011-2012 BACKSTORY STUDENT STUDY GUIDE

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LINE can have length, width, texture, direction and curve. There are 5 basic variet-ies: vertical, horizontal, diagonal, curved, and zig-zag.

SHAPE is two-dimensional and encloses space. It can be geometric (e.g. squares and circles), man-made, or free-form.

FORM is three-dimensional. It encloses space and fills space. It can be geometric (e.g. cubes and cylin-ders), man-made, or free-form.

SPACE is defined and determined by shapes and forms. Positive space is enclosed by shapes and forms, while negative space exists around them.

COLOR has three basic properties: HUE is the name of the color (e.g. red, blue, green), INTENSITY is the strength of the color (bright or dull), VALUE is the range of lightness to darkness.

TEXTURE refers to the “feel” of an object’s surface. It can be smooth, rough, soft, etc. Textures may be ACTUAL (able to be felt) or IMPLIED (suggested visually through the artist’s technique).

Most plays utilize designers to create the visual world of the play through scenery, costumes, lighting, and more. These artists use

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN to communicate information about the world within the play and its characters.

APPLIED LEARNING Have students discuss these elements BEFORE attending the performance and ask them to pay special attention to how these elements are used in the production’s design. Whether your students are observing a piece of visual art (painting, sculpture, photograph) or a piece of performance art (play, dance), allow them first to notice the basic elements, then encourage them to look deeper into why these elements are used the way they are.

Theatre Theatre SYRACUSE STAGE 2011-2012 BACKSTORY STUDENT STUDY GUIDE

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Germany Frank Family

Adolph Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany and enacts Anti-Semitic laws. The first concentration camp is

built in the town of Dachau.

Nov. 9-10. ‘Kristallnacht.’ Jewish businesses and synagogues in Austria and Germany are looted and destroyed.

Nazis implement the T-4 Program, which authorized the kill-ing of mentally & physically handicapped persons as well as

the institutionalized.

Germany invades the Netherlands.

Dec. 11. Germany declares war on the U.S.

The ‘Final Solution’ is adopted by Nazi party leaders. Aus-chwitz, Belzec, and Sobibor become fully operational death

camps.

June 6. ‘D-Day.’ Allies invade the German stronghold on the beaches of Normandy, France.

Jan. 27. Allies liberate Auschwitz. Otto Frank is among the survivors.

April 30. Adolph Hitler commits suicide.May 7. Germany surrenders the war.

The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. Of the 22 defendants, 11 were sentenced to death, 8 were imprisoned, and only 3

were acquitted.

June 12. Anne Frank is born in Frankfurt, Germany.

The family moves to the Netherlands to escape growing violence against Jews in Germany.

The family, along with all other Dutch Jews,are forced to wear yellow stars at all times.

Aug. 4. The annex is discovered. Occupants are arrested and sent to Westerbork Transit Camp.Sept. 3. The family is relocated to Auschwitz, where the men and women are separated. Hermann van Pels is gassed three days later.Oct. 28. Anne & Margot are sent to Bergen-Belsen.Dec. 20. Fritz Pfeffer dies at Neuengame.

Jan. 6. Edith Frank dies at Auschwitz.

March. Anne & Margot die of typhus.

June. Otoo Frank returns to Amsterdam, unaware of his daughters’ fates.Oct. 24. Otto learns in a letter of his daughters’ deaths. He is given Anne’s diary.

Anne’s diary is published in Amsterdam. It would be pub-lished in the USA in 1952.

Timeline1933

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1944

1945

1946

1947

1929

(November 10, 1938) The Morning after the Night of Broken Glass [Kristall-nacht] in Berlin: Shattered Shop Windows

German troops surrender to Soldiers during the Allied Invasion of Europe, D-Day, June 6, 1944.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/soldiersmediacenter/with/2561211400/

Otto Frank’s business moves to new offices on the Prinsen-gracht Canal.

June 12. Anne receives a diary for her birthday.July 5. Anne’s sister Margot is summoned to a labor camp. The family goes into hiding the next day.July 13. The Van Pels family joins the Franks.Nov. 16. Fritz Pfeffer joins the group.

Child survivors of the Holocaust filmed during the liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp by the Red Army. January, 1945http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/holocaust.html

http://www.ushmm.org/

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During World War II, Nazi Germany and its col-laborators murdered approximately six million Jews. The Holocaust is the name used to refer to this state-sponsored persecution and murder. Beginning with racially discriminatory laws in Germany, the Nazi campaign expanded to the mass murder of all European Jews. During the era of the Holocaust, the Nazis also targeted other groups because of their perceived “racial inferiority”: gypsies, people with disabilities, and some Slavic people (Polish, Russian, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and homosexuals.The Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933. According to Nazi leadership, Germans were “racially superior.” The Jews, and others deemed “inferior” were considered “unworthy of life.” They established concentration camps to imprison Jews and other “inferior” people. Ein-satzgruppen (mobile killing units) carried out mass murder operations. More than a million Jewish men, women, and children were murdered by these units, usually in mass shootings. Be-tween 1942 and 1944, Nazi Germany deported millions more Jews from occupied territories to extermination camps, where they were murdered in specially developed killing facilities using poison gas. At the largest killing center, Auschwitz-Birkenau, transports of Jews arrived almost daily from across Europe.

In the final months of the war, as Allied forces moved across Eu-rope, they began to find and liber-ate concentration camp prisoners. By war’s end, close to 2 out of every 3 Jews in Europe had been murdered by Nazi Germany and its collaborators in the massive crime we now call the Holocaust.

The Holocaust

Photos:Above, cannisters of a poison gas called Zyklon B. At left, a sign at the Bergen-Belsen camp warns of a typhus outbreak. Anne and Margot died of typhus at Ber-gen-Belsen only weeks before the camp’s liberation. [www.annefrankguide.net]

“I can remember that as early as 1932, groups of Storm Troopers came marching by singing: ‘When Jewish blood splatters from the knife.’” - Otto Frank

“The United States Holocaust Museum”www.ushmm.org

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StoryAnne’s

adapted from AnneFrank.org

“I hope I will be able to confide everything to you, and I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support.”

Anne’s father, Otto, works at his family’s bank. Her mother, Edith, takes care of everything at home. It is a carefree period for Margot and Anne. However, their parents are worried. Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party have made Jews the scapegoat for all of Germany’s social and economic problems.

Anne’s parents no longer feel safe, and Otto’s bank is also in financial trouble because of the worldwide economic crisis. Otto and Edith decide to leave Ger-many. Otto goes to the Netherlands to start a company in Amsterdam, where his family would join him a year later. They feel free and safe until the German army invades the Netherlands on May 10, 1940.

Like thousands of other Jews, Margot receives orders to report to a German work camp on July 5, 1942. Her parents have expected such a call-up: the secret hid-ing place is almost ready. Not only for their own fam-ily, but also for the Van Pels family: Otto’s co-worker Hermann, his wife Auguste, and their son Peter. The next day, the Frank family immediately takes to hid-ing. They are helped by four of Otto’s employees: Miep Gies, Johannes Kleiman, Victor Kugler, and Bep Voskuijl. They arrange the food supplies, cloth-ing, books, and all sorts of other necessities.

Margot, Otto, Anne, and Edith Frank (1940)

Discrimination against the Jews began there as well: Jews could not own their own businesses, Jewishchildren had to go to separate schools, all Jews had to wear a yellow star, and countless other restrictions.

On her thirteenth birthday in 1942, Anne receives a diary as a present. It is her favorite gift. She begins writing in it immediately:

Peter van Pels

Miep Gies

In November, 1942 an eighth person joins: Fritz Pfef-fer, an acquaintance of both families. The people in hiding pass their time by reading and studying. There is a lot of tension, probably due to the oppressive nature of the hiding place and their constant fear of being discovered. They often quarrel among them-selves.

Fritz Pfeffercontinued...

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When the people in hiding have spent almost two years in the Secret Annex, there is fantastic news: a massive landing of the Allies on the beaches of Normandy. Eu-rope could soon be liberated. Anne hopes to return to school in the fall.

But on August 4, 1944, an SS Officer and three Dutch policemen arrive and demand to be taken to the Secret Annex. The people in hiding have been betrayed. They are arrested, as are some of their helpers, but Miep and Bep are left behind, where they find and rescue Anne’s diary.

The occupants of the Annex spend a month at a transit facility before being taken by train to Auschwitz.At the end of October 1944 Anne and Margot are moved to Bergen- Belsen. Their mother remains behind, but soon falls ill and dies of exhaustion. Anne and Margot succumb to typhus in March 1945, only a few weeks be-fore the camp is liberated by the British army.

StoryAnne’s

continued

“Young people especially always want to know how these terrible things could ever have happened. I answer them as well as I can. And then at the end, I often finish by say-ing, ‘I hope Anne’s book will have an effect on the rest of your life so that insofar as it is possible in your own circumstances, you will work for unity and peace,’”

Otto Frank is liberated from Auschwitz in Janu-ary 1945. He does everything he can to find out the fate of his daughters: placing an ad in the newspaper and talking to survivors, until he meets witnesses of their deaths. When Miep Gies hears the news, she gives Otto Anne’s diary and notebooks. Otto reads about the plan Anne had to publish a book about the time she spent in the Annex and decides to fulfill his daughter’s wish.

Following the war, Otto devotes himself to human rights, and answers thousands of letters from across the world. He says,

annex

Inside theThe Annex measured only 500 square feet. By November, these tight quarters were shared by eight people. The Frank family lived in two rooms on the first floor, the Van Pels family in the other two rooms on the second floor. Through Peter Van Pel’s tiny bedroom was an entrance to the attic.

The hiding place was a stor-age space for the business, and consisted of no more than a few windows, stacks of boxes, and a loft space. There was also, fortunate-ly, a toilet and a sink. The Franks’ first order of busi-ness was to make curtains for the windows for security reasons. When this was fin-ished, they made every ef-fort to turn the bare storage space into a home, but just beyond the fake bookcase that hid the secret entrance were functioning offices. During business hours they were forced to maintain an insufferable silence.

On the walls of the room in which she hid, Anne pasted pictures, one of the few things the Nazis did not strip when the Franks were arrested. The room is now refurnished to look as it might have when Anne was in hiding. Times photo: Photo from “A History for Today: Anne Frank”

The exterior of Otto’s Amsterdam offices (highlighted in blue), with the canal in the fore-ground. Photos courtesy of www.annefrankguide.net

The entrance to the annex was cleverly hidden by a bookcase, shown here ajar. Photos courtesy of annefrankbiography.com

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ReSources

LEARN MORE...

INFORMATION SOURCES & RESOURCES

TEACHING THEATRE/ARTS

ArtsWork.com http://artswork.asu.edu/arts/teachers/resources/theatre1.htm

ChildDrama.com http://www.childdrama.com/lessons.html

Educational Theatre Association http://www.edta.org/publications/teaching.aspx

Kennedy Center http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/teach/hto.cfm

Viola Spolin http://www.spolin.com/

SYRACUSE STAGE 2010-2011 BACKSTORY STUDENT STUDY GUIDE

ANNE FRANKAnne Frank Center <www.AnneFrank.com>

Anne Frank Museum <www.AnneFrank.org>

Anne Frank Tree <www.AnneFrankTree.com>

Time Magazine <www.time.com/time/time100/heroes/profile/frank01.html>

WWII <www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/ww2time.htm>

http://teacher.scholastic.com/frank

http://www.uen.org/annefrank

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