Local Governments • U.S. Department of Agriculture The University of Maryland is an Equal Opportunity Employer and Equal Access Programs.

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY OFFICE ● 97 DAIRY LANE ● GAMBRILLS, MD 21054 ● (410) 222-3906 ● FAX (410) 222-3909 PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY OFFICE ● 6707 GROVETON DRIVE ● CLINTON, MD 20735 ● 301 868-8781 ● FAX 301 599-6714

Summer 2017 Dave’s Ramble

“Pondering often misleads” declared the Crops Master. Often the mind’s notions are based upon life’s doldrums, just a rhythm of repeated steps and motions; “Planting, waiting for rains and harvesting, pretty predictable.” Fortunately, we are blessed when something occurs that was least expected. Adventure, that’s what farmers need!

Uganda! The mind almost panics, Hotter than Maryland! Malaria! Spitting cobras! Such inspiring thoughts of equatorial Africa lead to careful and proper bag packing. An inventory of the essentials, reveals: head net, fortified Deet, wool socks, electrical tape, antimalarial, Cipro, ointments, water purification tabs, iodine, pocket knife and a jar of peanut butter.

The IPAN/IOCC team, consisting of a colleague, my daughter, the IOCC partners and I embark from Entebbe, Uganda at the northwest corner of Lake Victoria to Masaka our new project home base. We briefly stop in Kampala to meet one of our host, a delightful patriarch, the Arch Bishop of the Uganda Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Jonah. Inspiration and anticipation somehow add new found zeal to our project. Tomorrow we would be in Lwemiyaga, a small town in southwest Uganda, in the cattle corridor, a tropical west Texas.

Our team, for the next two weeks, engaged at the Lwemiyaga IOCC secondary school with the teachers, students and community farmers to install a trickle irrigation vegetable system. We delivered a mobile soil testing, water testing and IPM field kit, to our engaged learners.

What a gracious place, Uganda, the Pearl of Africa. I always learn more than I teach. I drank from its bore hole, the water was sweet and cool. The air was fragrant, and the sky was vibrant. A people alive with energy, friendly and caring. Fortunately, nothing ever turns out as you expect. We did not contract malaria, nor were we chased by a spitting cobra. Instead, we discovered a tropical paradise. “My friends, when you discover a pearl of great price, “You will talk about it!”

Calendar of Events Mark Your Calendars --- Plan To Participate

♦ August 10 – Crops Twilight & BBQ, Upper Marlboro

Inside This Issue • Summer Meetings• Maryland Pesticide Container Recycling• MDA News

Lwemiyaga, Uganda by R D Myers 2017

Lwemiyaga, Uganda by H. M. Desta 2017

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Crops Twilight Barbecue & Ice Cream Social

CMREC Upper Marlboro Farm August 10, 2017

You are invited to attend a Field Crops Research Twilight, Barbecue and Ice Cream Social at the Central Maryland Research & Education Center, 2005 Largo Rd., Upper Marlboro, MD on Thursday, August 10, 2017 from 4:30 to 9 pm.

A barbecue dinner will be served at 4:30 pm followed by homemade ice cream prior to the evening tour. University of Maryland Extension Educators and Specialists will showcase their field crop, vegetable and fruit research plots.

Barbecue Begins at 4:30 Ice Cream Served at 5:15 Crops Twilight at 6:00

Please arrive on-time as the tour will start promptly at 6:00 pm. This event is free. However, a reserved meal ticket is required.

I f you need special assistance to participate, please contact the Anne Arundel County Extension office at 410-222-3906 by August 7, 2017.

For full meeting details, and registration information contact any of the Southern Maryland Extension offices. For more information contact David Myers at the Anne Arundel County Extension office at 410-222-3906.

10th Anniversary Buy Local Challenge Celebration

Join us for an evening celebrating Maryland's farms and food at the 10th Anniversary Celebration of the Buy Local Challenge. The event will feature: tastings of local farm products (such as fruits, vegetables, meats, wine, distilled spirits, ice cream, baked goods, and more), a locally sourced Southern Maryland style buffet dinner, live music, lawn games, Clydesdales, and the opportunity to purchase from Maryland farmers, producers, artisans, and crafters. For more information or to purchase tickets, click here.

We also have an exciting announcement! SMADC has been hearing from the community (through a series of public meetings, a public forum, and through the board) that they would like to see more grant opportunities available to farmers in the region. Therefore, SMADC is pleased to announce that we will be offering four new projects, all of which will be rolling out over the next few months: 1. Regional Agriculture Project (RAP), released June 27, 2017, press release 2. The Southern Maryland Agricultural Mini-Grant Program, releasing July 2017 3. Partnership with MARBIDCO: The Southern Maryland Agricultural Equity Incentive Matching Fund, releasing July 2017 4. Partnership with MARBIDCO: The Southern Maryland Revolving Loan Fund For Agricultural Producers, releasing July 2017

Check out "What's New " on our website for all the latest news and updates.

SUMMER MEETINGS Mark your calendars now and plan to be of a part of the Summer Meetings.

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Pumpkin Foliar Disease and Fruit Rot

Management Considerations – 2017

By Kate Everts, Vegetable Pathologist

University of Delaware & University of Maryland

keverts@umd.edu

Pumpkins are attacked by many diseases, which makes designing a spray program very difficult. Below are some guiding ideas for management of pumpkins. There are three areas that growers should address; 1) a general ‘backbone’ program, 2) diseases such as downy mildew and Phytophthora crown and fruit rot, which are not always present, and 3) fruit rots.

A backbone program should begin at the time that the vines begin to run or at the first sign of disease. This program targets many diseases such as anthracnose, white fleck Plectosporium (white speck), black rot, angular leaf spot and bacterial leaf spot. Below is a possible backbone program that can be modified to fit your situation:

1) Mancozeb + copper (sprays 1 and 2)

2) Once powdery mildew is present, a DMI fungicide (suchas Rhyme, Rally, Procure, Proline, etc.) plus chlorothalonil(sprays 3, 5, and 7)

3) A powdery mildew specific fungicide such as Quintec,Vivando, or Torino, plus chlorothalonil plus copper (sprays4, 8)

4) Microthiol Disperse 8 lbs/Acre (sprays 6)

Note: Sulfur can cause phytotoxicity, so use caution and read the label. Remember that coverage of foliage is important for optimum results.

Downy mildew and Phytophthora crown and fruit rot are also challenges and the timing management sprays differ. Downy mildew should be sprayed for preventatively, but does not always occur in our area. To avoid unnecessary sprays, scout fields, keep informed of downy mildew sightings in your area and follow the ipmPIPE for cucurbits (http://cdm.ipmpipe.org/). There are many foliar fungicides that are available for downy mildew on pumpkin. They include Orondis, Ranman, Presidio, Revus, and others (see http://extension.udel.edu/ag/vegetable-fruit-resources/commercial-vegetable-production-recommendations/). This publication also has information

on Phytophthora blight, which is managed with alternated sprays of Revus or Ranman and Presidio, Forum or Tanos. If you are planting into a field that has had Phytophthora in the past, a mefenoxam application (Ridomil Gold or Ultra Flourish) should have been applied pre-plant. In addition, foliar applications of Revus or Ranman in alternation with Presidio, Forum or Tanos may reduce disease.

Managing Fruit Rot Because many different fungi cause fruit rots, no single strategy will be sufficient to manage them. However the following are good practices that, when used together, can minimize damage.

• Select well-drained fields for pumpkin production.• Select cultivars (varieties) that are less susceptible to

fruit rot. For example, there are some cultivardifferences in susceptibility to white speck.

• Grow pumpkins on a no-till cover crop. No-tillpumpkin production reduces several fruit rots and thereduction in rot is related to the amount of soilcoverage that the cover crop provides. A hairy-vetchand rye mixture would provide nutrient benefits andimprove fruit quality by reducing rot and edema.

• Follow a good fungicide management program in thefield. The same fungi that cause white speck, blackrot and anthracnose also cause lesions on the leaves.If the leaves are protected from disease, the fruit willbe less likely to become diseased.

• A good fungicide program also will maintain foliagehealth and keep sunscald at a minimum.

• Bacterial spot on fruit can be controlled with copperfungicide applications that begin when fruit aresoftball size and continue through fruit set.

• Harvest mature fruit as soon as possible.• Discard damaged and diseased fruit.• Avoid wounding the fruit during harvest and

transport.• Store fruit in a cool, shaded and dry location.

One question that I often get is “What about washing fruit?” Because many fungi infect fruit in the field (preharvest) or are seed borne (Fusarium fruit rot), a good field fungicide program will be more effective than washing fruit in reducing fruit rot. However if you do wash fruit, remember that untreated wash water is an excellent way to spread the pathogen from fruit to fruit. A solution of 150 ppm sodium hypochlorite, which is approximately 1/3 oz. household bleach per gallon water will minimize fruit to fruit spread. Fruit should be dried following the wash and stored properly.

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More Vegetable Info at Veg & Fruit News:

Please find the latest edition of Vegetable & Fruit News Vol. 8 Issue # 3 June 29, 2017, at: https://extension.umd.edu/anne-arundel-county/agriculture/vegetable-fruit-headline-news.

Agronomy News Blog June 30, 2017

By Jarrod Miller Wicomico Agent, Agriculture

University of Maryland Extension

Variable Corn Height and Yields With the weather this spring, planting windows and excessive soil moisture have made for some variable corn heights. There Read more…

Managing Multiple Factors in Soybean Injury It’s often multiple factors that lead to injury and loss, making it difficult to determine a direct cause. Read more…

Cover Crop Info in the Mail Farmers who want to plant cover crops this fall to protect water quality, control erosion, and improve soil health, should check their mailboxes for important information regarding the Maryland Department of Agriculture’s 2017-18 Cover Crop Sign-Up. Approximately $22.5 million in conservation grants is available to help farmers offset the cost of planting cover crops on their fields this fall. Signup runs from June 21 through July 17 at local soil conservation districts. For more information, call 410-841-5864 or visit the department’s website.

New Backyard Actions Brochures Available The Maryland Department of Agriculture and University of Maryland Home and Garden Information Center have added two new publications to their popular gardening series, Backyard Actions for a Cleaner Chesapeake Bay. The first publication focuses on the benefits of planting cover crops in the garden to control erosion, reduce nutrient

runoff, and improve soil health. The second publication provides tips on planting a pollinator garden to supply food, shelter and water for adult insects and their offspring. Visit the department website for information on Planting Cover Crops and Attracting Pollinators to Your Garden. Call 410-841-5863 for printed copies of the brouchures.

MDA Reminds Homeowners to Fertilize Lawns Responsibly With the hot weather kicking in, the Maryland Department of Agriculture reminds homeowners that fertilizer should only be applied to lawns when the grass is actively growing. To prevent runoff, fertilize warm season grasses (Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass) in late spring or early summer and cool season grasses (fescues, bluegrass) in fall. Some grass species have natural dormancy periods and will turn brown during the hot, dry summer months. Applying fertilizer to force a lawn to turn green during its dormancy period can damage the grass and result in unused fertilizer washing off lawns and into the streams and rivers that feed the Chesapeake Bay. For tips on fertilizing responsibly and Maryland’s Lawn Fertilizer Law, visit: mda.maryland.gov/fertilizer.

2017 Pesticide Container Recycling Program from MDA Maryland Department of Agriculture’s

Pesticide Container Recycling Program will be accepting clean, empty containers from June through September, during normal business hours. Containers will be collected from their current owners, for safe disposal and recycling.

Containers must be cleaned (triple-rinsed or pressure-rinsed) according to label directions. Please remember to remove lids and label booklets from the containers prior to drop-off.

Call 410-841-5710 for more details and drop-off instructions. Collection dates and venues can be found at this link:

http://mda.maryland.gov/plants-pests/Documents/2017-Pesticide-Container-Recycling-Program.pdf

Take a Look! Before Spraying 2,4-D or

Dicamba

Pesticide Sensitive Crop Locator • Pesticide Sensitive Crop Locator Map

• Pesticide Sensitive Crop Locator User Guide

• Pesticide Sensitive Crop Locator Application

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The General Forestry Course The University of Maryland Extension will offer the General Forestry Course for the fall 2017 semester. Both the paper and online version will be offered. The course begins September 1 and runs until December 15, 2017. Registration opens June 1. To register, go to our website at: http://extension.umd.edu/forestry-course

This is a non-credit course. As there are no formal classes, you work from the comfort of your home using your own woodlot, a friend's or a public forest. You will learn how to protect your trees from insects, diseases and fire; step-by-step procedures will walk you through a forest inventory and stand analysis; and the details of the forestry business are presented, including tax nuances and the sale and harvest of forest products. Ultimately, the course exercises help you develop the framework for a stewardship plan for your forest.

The cost for this forestry course is $150. Included in the cost are copies of the supplemental readings (A Sand County Almanac, The Woodland Steward, American Forests: A History of Resiliency and Recovery, a small pamphlet entitled What Tree Is That? and Common Native Trees of Virginia Tree Identification Guide). The paper version text and appendices are in binder form. Online users receive a flash drive of the paper version of the text and appendices. A certificate of completion is awarded when all assignments are completed.

For more information, contact Nancy Stewart at the University of Maryland Extension, Wye Research and Education Center; phone 410/827-8056, ext. 107; or email nstewar1@umd.edu

AG MARKETING ALERT!

Mastering Marketing – June 2017:”Food Preferences and Purchasing Trends─Getting Out Ahead of the Curve" has been posted on the web. To access the article click on the link below: http://extension.umd.edu/learn/food-preferences-and-purchasing-trends%E2%94%80getting-out-ahead-curve

Ginger S. Myers Marketing Specialist, University of Maryland Extension Director, Maryland Rural Enterprise Development Center Principal Agent Associate

Uganda Irrigation and Agricultural Project

UMD Extension faculty Dave Myers and Chuck Schuster traveled to a rural area in Uganda in May and June, to teach farmers and school agricultural teachers about agriculture and irrigation. AGNR partner, International Orthodox Christian Charities (IOCC), built a high school in the Sembabule District of south-central Uganda, and asked AGNR for help in developing an efficient irrigation system.

The Lwemiyaga Secondary School most pressing problem is water -- the school is in a dry area of Uganda and relies on rainwater for irrigation. To read more about this project, go to IPAN Uganda page

CDMS Pesticide Labels and MSDS On-Line at:

http://www.cdms.net/

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On-Line at: http://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.ed

u/files/_docs/2016-2017%20Mid-Atlantic%20Commercial%20Vegetable%20Produc

tion%20Recommendations.pdf

2017 Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide Featuring updated herbicide tablesfor managing weeds in corn, grain sorghum, soybean, small grains, and forages, this new edition now includes broadleaf and curly dock, johnsongrass and shattercane, lambsquarters, milkweed and hemp dogbane, wild mustard and radish, and Canada thistle in the chapter on

problem weeds. 240 pages.

This regional guide was produced by Penn State Extension in cooperation with University of Delaware, University of Maryland, Virginia Tech, and West Virginia University.

Download Sample Sample of 2017 Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide PDF, 650KB

Order Publication Hard Copy: $25.00 + shipping Code AGRS-136. The nearly 250-page, spiral-bound, hard copy publication. PDF: $15.00

Code AGRS-136D. The complete publication in PDF format containing an interactive table of contents, hyperlinks, and bookmarks. Orders will be distributed via email.

Bundle: $35.00 + shipping (Hard Copy +PDF) Code AGRS-136 Bundle.

How to Order: Contact the Publications Distribution Center Call toll-free 877-345-0691 between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday

Gardening with Ginny: Tips and Tricks to

Keep Pesky Pests Off Plants Ginny Rosenkranz

Principal Agent Associate, Commercial Horticulture University of Maryland Extension

Video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uk1J4S8Z94E

EPA Site Quick Finder

About EPA's Pesticides Program

Overview of EPA's program evaluating potential new pesticides and uses, providing for special local needs and emergency situations, reviewing safety of older pesticides, registering pesticide producing establishments, enforcing pesticide requirements, pesticide issues in the works, overview of risk assessment in the pesticide program Types of Pesticides Pesticides are often grouped according to the type of pest they control or by chemical or source. type of pest, chemically-related Frequently Asked Questions Answers to questions from the public.

Fact Sheets Search general interest and technical fact sheets. health and safety, regulatory actions, specific chemicals

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Gardening questions? Pest Problems? The Home and Garden Information

Center can help!

Visit the HGIC website at: www.extension.umd.edu.hgic

44--HH NNeewwss Amanda Wahle, 4-H FEA University of Maryland

Are you between 8 and 18 or know someone who is? If so have you considered joining 4-H? The Anne Arundel County 4-H program is growing and is always looking for new members and volunteers. The program has community clubs located throughout Anne Arundel County but is also looking for volunteers and members to lead new groups. There are a variety of projects members can participate in including animal science, environmental sciences and human sciences. We are also looking for adults to do seminars or presentations to help 4-Hers learn how they can further their projects.

To receive more information, please contact Amanda Wahle in the Anne Arundel Extension Office at 410-222-3900 or at: awahle@umd.edu

Information Sources Additional information of general interest. General information, hotlines, information centers, databases

Pesticide Program Reports Reports produced by the Office of Pesticide Programs Annual Reports, Performance Management & Accountability, Pesticide Industry Sales and Usage, Progress Reports, Restricted Use Products Reports

Pesticide News Stories Pesticide related articles appearing in news media

Publications | Glossary | A-Z Index |

See the Attachments! Important: Know when to Spray?

1) IPM Threshold Guide for Vegetable Crops

2) IPM Threshold Guide for Agronomic Crops

County Website Features: Anne Arundel County Extension website: http://extension.umd.edu/anne-arundel-county

Ag Newsletters The current and past agricultural newsletter additions are available for viewing or copy at: https://extension.umd.edu/anne-arundel-county/agriculture/anne-arundel-county-agnr-newsletter#

Ag Bulletins An agricultural bulletin page is also available for viewing or copy under our hot topics section at: https://extension.umd.edu/anne-arundel-county/agriculture/agriculture-bulletins

Ag Slides A slide presentations page is also available for viewing or copy under our hot topics section at: http://extension.umd.edu/anne-arundel-county/agriculture/agnr-slide-presentations

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Anne Arundel County Extension http://extension.umd.edu/anne-arundel-county

4-H Youth Development For more information, contact Amanda Wahle at

awahle@umd.edu or call 410-222-3900

Family & Consumer Sciences For more information, contact Vanessa Bright

vbright@umd.edu or call 410-222-3903

Agriculture & Natural Resources For more information, contact Dave Myers myersrd@umd.edu or call 410 222-3906

Master Gardener Program

For more information, contact Mike Ensor mensor@umd.edu call 410-222-3906

Nutrient Management

For more information, contact Emileigh Lucas at erosso@umd.edu or call 410-222-3906

Thanks for Partnering

Thanks for partnering with the University of Maryland Extension, and supporting our programs. I also hope you enjoy this newsletter. If you are no longer interested in receiving this newsletter, please call or write the office for the removal of your name from the mailer.

R. David Myers, Principal Agent Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Maryland Extension Anne Arundel & Prince George’s Counties Anne Arundel County Extension 97 Dairy Lane Gambrills, MD 21054 410 222-3906 Fax 410 222-3909 Prince George’s County Extension 6707 Groveton Drive Clinton, MD 20735 301 868-8783

Note: Registered Trade Mark® Products, Manufacturers, or Companies mentioned within this newsletter are not to be considered as sole endorsements.

The information has been provided for educational purposes only.

Gambrills

IPM Threshold Guide Vegetable Crops ECONOMIC THRESHOLD – Level of pest activity when control action is suggested to prevent economic injury __________________________________ COLE CROP INSECTS Plant Emergence (or Transplanting) to Beginning of Heading or Reproductive Development CABBAGE ROOT MAGGOT Control when planting FLEA BEETLES > 50% of newly emerged plants infested and

"shothole injury" is present. Treatment thresholds for leafy cultivars not

available CABBAGE APHIDS AND OTHER APHID SPECIES Broccoli and Cauliflower - infestations of all

species combined reach nearly 100% Brussel Sprouts > 15% of plants are aphid infested from transplanting till 3 weeks before harvest Cabbage 2% of plants are infested with 5 or more

aphids on leaves THRIPS Fresh market cabbage > 20% of plants infested IMPORTED CABBAGEWRM, CABBAGE LOOPERS & DIAMONDBACK MOTH CATERPILLARS Sample 50 plants - treat when count is > 0.5 larval

units per plant Weighting factor for larval unit determination: Cabbage Looper: large=1.0 small=0.7 Imported Cabbageworm: large=0.07 small=0.1 Diamondback Caterpillar: any size=0.1 Heading or Sprout Development CABBAGE APHIDS AND OTHER APHIDS Treat when 2% of plants are infested with > 5

aphids IMPORTED CABBAGEWRM, CABBAGE LOOPERS & DIAMONDBACK MOTH CATERPILLARS Cabbage – treat when count is > 0.5 larval units per

plant Broccoli, Cauliflower and Brussel Sprouts – treat

when > 1 caterpillar per 25 plants

CUCURBIT INSECTS Plant Emergence to Three Leaf Stage SPOTTED AND STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES For wilt susceptible cucumbers and muskmelons –

use systemic insecticide treatment at planting time

Provisional threshold for pickling cucumbers – foliar insecticide when 20% of plants are infested with cucumber beetles

Three Leaf Stage to Harvest Maturity MELON APHID Provisional threshold > 20% of runners have > 5

aphids on leaves THRIPS Heavy infestation, leaf injury, plants not actively

growing SPIDER MITES > 50% of runners show early leaf injury on crown

leaves and live mites present Three Leaf Stage to Harvest Maturity SPOTTED AND STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES Thresholds not available Treat moderate to high CB infestations levels on

wilt susceptible varieties Treat all cucurbits when high CB infestations cause

excessive fruit damage LEAFHOPPERS Severe leaf injury expected to retard fruit maturity

and affect yield SQUASH VINE BORER As soon as moths are trapped LIMA BEAN INSECTS Bloom to Harvest PLANT BUGS (LYGUS) – Early bloom to harvest >6-10 adult/nymphs per 20

sweeps After mature bud set >20-40 adults/nymphs per 20

sweeps CORN EARWORM > 50% of larvae are > 1/2" Fordhook Lima Beans: Up to 4 weeks from harvest > 1 larvae per 6' of row Less than 4 weeks from harvest 3 larvae per 6' of

row Baby Lima Beans: > 1 larvae per 6' of row, from late flat pod stage to

harvest

PEA INSECTS PEA APHID - 50 aphids per sweep or 5-10 per

plant PEPPER INSECTS Early Fruit Set to Harvest GREEN PEACH APHID Before fruit formation > 2 aphids per leaf Once fruit is present 4 aphids per leaf PEPPER MAGGOT As soon as flies are caught on sticky traps EUROPEAN CORN BORER When fruits are forming on plants > 25 moths

trapped per 5 days, average Shorten treatment schedules if > 100 moths trapped

per 5 days CORN EARWORM When fruits are forming on plants, >100 moths

trapped per 5 days (see sweet corn section for MDA Pest Survey website link)

POTATO INSECTS Plant Emergence to 12" Shoots POTATO FLEA BEETLE >20% leaf loss COLORADO POTATO BEETLE Overwintered >5 adults per 10 plant clusters and

> 10% shoots chewed off at ground level All stages Chemical treatments:

Defoliation 20% and density per 10 plant clusters > 5 adults or > 40 small larvae or 15 large larvae or combination of any 2 stages, at 1/2 above levels

Bt treatment: 10% plant infestation, > 30% eggs hatched (trigger date)

Greater Than 12" Shoots to Bloom GREEN PEACH APHID, POTATO APHID Prior to bloom - 2 per leaf During bloom - 4 per leaf Within 2 weeks of vine kill - 10 per leaf Greater Than 12" Shoots to Bloom MELON APHID - Prior to bloom >1 per leaf During bloom > 2 per leaf Within 2 weeks of vine kill > 5 per leaf POTATO LEAFHOPPER > 3 adults per sweep or > 1 nymph per 10 leaves

EUROPEAN CORN BORER 100 moths trapped per 5 days (reduce if host plants

unavailable) or 5% of leaves are infested with egg masses

Bloom to 50% Leaf Yellowing or Vine Kill COLORADO POTATO BEETLE Defoliation > 30% and potential for further damage SNAP BEAN INSECTS Plant Emergence to 3rd Trifoliate Stage SEEDCORN MAGGOT 5 to 10 maggots per seed THRIPS > 6 per leaflet with leaf injury SPIDER MITES > 20 live mites per leaflet BEAN LEAF BEETLE AND MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE Pre trifoliate stage 6 or more per row foot Post-trifoliate stage 20% leaf loss, > 2 per plant Prebloom Stage (3rd Trifoliate to Bud) POTATO LEAF HOPPER > 5 adults+nymphs per sweep MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE > 20% defoliation BEAN APHID 50% or more have 5 or more aphids per terminal,

distributed throughout GREEN CLOVERWORM >20% defoliation and >15 larvae < 1"per sweep Bloom to Harvest LEAFHOPPERS During podset >25 per adults/nymphs per sweep During bloom >12 adults/nymphs per sweep MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE Defoliation > 10% during podding and population

present EUROPEAN CORN BORER >25 moths trapped per 5 days CORN EARWORM > 100 moths per 5 days SWEET CORN INSECTS CUTWORM 1-2 leaf - 10% damaged plants 3-4 leaf - 5% damaged & 4 larvae per 100 plants WHITE GRUB Heavy soils - 2 per sq. ft. Sandy soils - 1 per sq. ft. WIREWORM 1 per bait station SLUG Spike to 3 leaf - 5 per plant

STALKBORER 4%, 6% or 10% damaged at the 2, 3 or 4leaf stage ARMYWORM 35% of plants > 50% defoliated & larvae < 3/4” EUROPEAN CORN BORER Not irrigated - 80% infested with live larvae Irrigated - 50% infested with live larvae CORN ROOTWORM 1 Western or 2 Northern per plant FLEA BEETLE For Stewart’s wilt susceptible varieties from spike

stage to silking >5% of plants infested CORN EARWORM At tassel emergence >15% tassel infestation From tasseling to harvest -1st spray at 30% silk and

apply subsequent sprays according to 5-day trap catch

TOMATO INSECTS Plant Emergence or Transplant to 10" Plants COLORADO POTATO BEETLE Overwintered CPB: At plant emergence - adults reducing plant densities

below recommended levels for maximum yield Actively growing > 15 adults per 10 plants 10" Plants to Early Fruit Set COLORADO POTATO BEETLE All stages Chemical Treatments: Defoliation 20% throughout and > 20 adults and/or

larvae per 10 plants Bt Treatment: 10% plant infestation with egg masses and > 30%

eggs hatched (trigger date) 10" Plants to Early Fruit Set POTATO APHID, GREEN PEACH APHID Natural controls not present and > 20% of terminals

are infested SPIDER MITES No specific threshold - treat during hot dry weather

when damage is noticed due to heavy infestations

HORNWORMS 20 % defoliation and further damage potential Early Fruit Set to Fruit Maturity or Vine Kill COLORADO POTATO BEETLE Defoliation potential > 10% or > 2% of plants have

at least 1 freshly-injured fruit TOMATO PINWORM Active leaf mines > 0.7 per trifoliate leaf TOMATO FRUITWORM > 5 damaged fruit in sample of 200 (2.5% damage)

WEEDS OF FIELD CROPS ANNUAL WEEDS # per 25 sq. ft. to cause 10% loss: Cocklebur ------------------------------ 3 Jimsonweed or Velvetleaf ----------- 3 Pigweed, Lambsquarters

or Morningglory ------------------- 5 Annual grasses ------------------------ 20 PERENNIAL WEEDS % of field infested: Light <5% Heavy <30% Moderate <10% Severe >30% NOXIOUS WEEDS -- no threshold, eliminate all IPM DEFINITIONS Economic Injury Level - EIL “The lowest pest population density that will cause economic damage. At the EIL the Cost of Control equals the Benefit of Control.” Economic Threshold (Action or Treatment Threshold) - ET “The density of a pest at which control measures should be implemented to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the EIL - ET is generally 80% of the EIL.” EIL = Pest Density (P) P = _ C__ C = Cost of Control V X D V = Value of Crop D = Damage Note: At EIL Benefit = Cost; B=C Compiled R. D. Myers 2000; Updated 2009 & 2017 Compilation and layout assistance by Carol Jelich, Master Gardener, Anne Arundel County This reference was adapted from the University of Maryland and Delaware Cooperative Extension Filed Crop and Vegetable IPM Pest Management Manuals Reviewed by Galen Dively, Terrance Patton, and Sandra Sardenelli University of Maryland, College Park The University of Maryland Cooperative Extension's programs are open to all regardless of race, color, religion, age, national origin, sex, or disability.

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IPM Threshold Guide for Agronomic Field Crops ECONOMIC THRESHOLD – Level of pest activity when control action is suggested to prevent economic injury __________________________________ ALFALFA INSECTS ALFALFA WEEVIL Begin sampling when feeding damage is

noticed Record # of larvae/30 stem sample Determine average plant height in inches

(based on $100/ton hay value & $10.00 spray cost/A)

12-18” - > 60 larvae/ 30 stems. 18-24” - > 75 larvae/ 30 stems. > 24” - > 80 larvae/ 30 stems or cut. POTATO LEAFHOPPER Sample with 15” sweep net, measure stem

height: < 3”stem ht. – 20 per100 sweeps or 0.2

per sweep 4-6”stem ht. – 50 per100 sweeps or 0.5

per sweep 7-10”stem ht. – 100 per100 sweeps or 1.0

per sweep 10-14”stem ht. – 200 per100 sweeps or 2.0

per sweep PEA APHID 50 aphids per sweep or 5-10 per plant SOYBEAN INSECTS DEFOLIATION & STAND REDUCTION Seedlings - 30% defoliation or 25% stand

Reduction Vegetative stages - 30% reduction Bloom through pod fill - 15% defoliation Full green bean to 50% leaf drop - 35%

defoliation

EARLY SEASION DEFLOIATORS – BEETLES Defoliation threshold & > 5 larvae per ft. of

row LATE SEASON DEFOLIATORS -- WORMS & BEETLES Defoliation threshold & 5 larvae per ft. of

row SPIDER MITES > 50% of plants with stippling on 1/3 of

leaves and 50 mites per leaflet THRIPS - drought stressed - 8 per leaflet POTATO LEAFHOPPER Drought stressed - 4 per sweep Non-stressed - 8 per sweep CORN EARWORM Drop cloth or Sweep net Narrow rows - 1 per ft. of row or 3 per 25

sweeps Wide rows - 2 per ft. of row or 5 per 25

sweeps CORN INSECTS CUTWORM 1-2 leaf - 10% damaged plants 3-4 leaf - 5% damaged & 4 larvae per 100

plants WHITE GRUB Heavy soils - 2 per sq. ft. Sandy soils - 1 per sq. ft. WIREWORM - 1 per bait station SLUG - spike to 3 leaf - 5 per plant STALKBORER 4%, 6% or 10% damaged at the 2, 3 or 4

leaf stage ARMYWORM 35% of plants > 50% defoliated & larvae

< 3/4” EUROPEAN CORN BORER Not irrigated - 80% infested with live larvae Irrigated - 50% infested with live larvae CORN ROOTWORM 1 Western or 2 Northern per plant

SMALL GRAIN INSECTS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE Wheat - 1 larvae per flag leaf Oats - 2 larvae per flag leaf GRAIN APHID Tillering - 150 aphids/row ft. & < 1

predator/50 aphids Heading - 25 aphids/head & <1 predator/50

aphids GRASS SAWFLY 0.4 larvae/ linear row ft. & larvae > ¾

inches TRUE ARMYWORM Wheat - 2-3/linear row ft. & larvae < ¾

inches Barley - 1/linear row ft. & larvae < ¾ inches WEEDS OF FIELD CROPS ANNUAL WEEDS # per 25 sq. ft. to cause 10% loss: Drilled Row Cocklebur 1 3 Jimsonweed or Velvetleaf 1.5 3 Pigweed, Lambsquarters

or Morningglory 3 5 Annual grasses 5 20 PERENNIAL WEEDS % of field infested: Light <5% Heavy <30% Moderate <10% Severe >30% NOXIOUS WEEDS No threshold, eliminate all

IPM DEFINITIONS Economic Injury Level - EIL “The lowest pest population density that will cause economic damage. At the EIL the Cost of Control = Benefit of Control.” Economic Threshold (Action or Treatment Threshold) - ET “The density of a pest at which control measures should be implemented to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the EIL -- ET is generally 80% of the EIL.” EIL=Pest Density (P) P = _ C__ C = Cost of Control V X D V = Value of Crop D = Damage Note: At EIL Benefit = Cost; B=C Compiled R. D. Myers 2000; Updated 2009: Updated 2017. Compilation and layout assistance by Carol Jelich, Master Gardener, Anne Arundel County. This reference was adapted from the University of Maryland and Delaware Cooperative Extension Filed Crop and Vegetable IPM Pest Management Manuals. Reviewed by Galen Dively, Terrance Patton, and Sandra Sardenelli University of Maryland, College Park. The University of Maryland Cooperative Extension's programs are open to all regardless of race, color, religion, age, national origin, sex, or disability.

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Pest Density

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