anna university of tech 29-12-10

8/7/2019 anna university of tech 29-12-10

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/anna-university-of-tech-29-12-10 1/17

SOLUTION OF REACTIVE POWER

OPTIMIZATION UNDER DEREGULATION USING HYBRID

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ALGORITHMS

Research Scholar Research SupervisorR.SURESH Dr. C.KUMAR

Lecturer/EEE DIRECTOR-Academic

S.K.P. Engineering College S.K.P. Engineering CollegeTiruvannamalai. Tiruvannamalai.



Doctorate Committee

MembersDr.R.Arumugam B.E., M.Sc., (Engg), Ph.D.,

Prof/HOD - EEE

SSN Engineering College,

Kalavakkam, Chennai.

&

Dr.S.RamaReddy

Professor/Dean - EEE

Jerusalem College of Engineering.

Pallikaranai, Chennai.



INTRODUCTION�Optimization:-

Maximum or Minimum of an objective Function

Subject to constraints

Maximum:-

ProfitsMinimum:-

Loss,Size,Expenditure etc.

� NEED FOR OPTIMIZATION

It is the responsibity of any designer or developer to fulfill the economic viability of

their product.

� REAL orACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION

Generator real power output-Control Variables

Cost Minimization-Objective Function



INTRODUCTION�REACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION

Cost Minimization and Loss Minimization-Objective Function

Generator bus voltages,Shunt capacitance / reactors.transformer tap positions-Control Variables

�DEREGULATIO

NThe main objective of the Proposed model is to minimize the total amount of dollars paid by the ISO to the

generators for providing the required reactive power support.

OPF PR OBLEM

Traditional Non-Traditional

Lambda iteration method Genetic Algorithm (GA)

Gradient method Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

Newton¶s method Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)

Linear programming Tabu Search

Interior Point (IP )method Evolutionarv Programming (EP)

Lagrangian relaxation algorithm Evolutionary strategy (ES)



ABSTRACT Reactive power plays an important role in supporting the real power transfer by maintaining

voltage stability and system reliability.

It is a critical element for a transmission operator to ensure the reliability of an electric

system while minimizing the cost associated with it.

The traditional objectives of reactive power dispatch are focused on the technical side of

reactive support such as minimization of transmission losses.

Reactive power cost compensation to a generator is based on the incurred cost of its reactive

power contribution less the cost of its obligation to support the active power delivery.

The electric power Industry is in transition to a deregulated market place for power

transactions In this environment all power transaction are made based on price rather than cost.

A regional pool is noted as the most straight forward path to a deregulated electricity market

place, Participants are interested in maximizing their own profits regardless of the system-wide

profits.



ABSTRACTVoltage regulation services is necessary to enable securing transactions of active power

Proper voltage profile

Voltage stability requirement

Real power loss minimization

Minimum cost allocation can be achieved.

To minimize the cost of total reactive support from generators and reactive compensators using hybrid

artificial intelligence algorithms.

To find the payment to generators and reactive compensators.

It is achieved by maintaining the whole system power loss as minimum thereby minimum cost

allocation can be achieved.

The purpose of reactive power dispatch is to determine the proper amount and location of reactive

support.

Reactive Optimal Power Flow (ROPF) formulation is developed as an analysis tool and the validity of

proposed hybrid algorithms are going to examine test systems having IEEE±14 bus, IEEE±30 bus,

IEEE±118 bus and utility system in India.



PROBLEM FORMULATION Reactive cost of generators

Where

Qgi - is the reactive power output of generator gi

Sgi max -is the maximum apparent power of generator gi

Cgpi -is the active power cost which is modeled as a quadratic function

Where Pgi is the active power output of gi

a, b, and c are cost coefficients;

kgi is an assumed profit rate for active power generation at bus i

gik

2gi

Q2

maxgiS

gpiC)

maxgiS(

gpiC)

giQ(

gqiC ¼½

»¬«

¹º

¸©ª

¨ !

c gi

bp 2gi

ap )gi

( gpi

!



COST OF REACTIVE COMPENSATORS

Ccj (Qcj) = rjQcj (2) Where

rj = reactive cost Qcj = reactive power purchased

rj = investment cost / operating hoursrj = ($ 6200) / (30v365v24v(2/3) = $ 0.0354/ M VAr h

Reactive optimization modelObjective

Min CQ = (3) Where CQ is the total reactive support cost from generators and reactive compensators; NG is the set of all generator buses NC is the set of all reactive compensator buses

)Q(C )Q(C cici

NCigi gqi

NGi ��

77



CONSTRAINTS IN OPF Pgi- = (4)

-PLi- = (5)

Qgi = (6)

Qci - QLi = (7)

Vi,min < Vi< Vi,max (8)

Qgi, min < Qgi < Qgi,max (9)

Qci, min < Qci < Qci,max (10)

where

N is the total number of buses in the system;

PLi and QLi are the specified active and reactive demand at load bus I; Yij � U-ij is the element of the admittance matrix;

and are the lower and upper limits of bus voltage;

Qgi,min and Qgi, max are the lower and upper limits of reactive power output of the generator;

Qci,min and Qci,max- are the lower and upper limits of reactive power output of thecompensators.

)- cos( Y V Vijijijj

Nji

�

)- cos( Y V Vijijijj

Nji

�

)- sin( Y V Vijijijj

Nji

�

)- sin( Y V Vijijijj

Nji

�



ACTION PLAN:-

2011 ± Course Work

2012 ± 2013 ± Collection of Materials and Presenting & Publishing Papers

in National & International Conferences & Journals.

2014 ± Thesis Submission



REFERENCES1) Caramanis MC,BohnRE, Schweppe FC. Spot pricing of electricity: practice and theory.

IEEE Trans Power Apparatus Syst 1982;101(9):3234±45.

2) Baughman ML, Siddiqi SN. Real time pricing of reactive power: theory and case study

results. IEEE Trans Power Syst 1991;6(1):23±9.

3) Li YZ, David AK. Pricing reactive power conveyance. IEE Proc-Gener Transm Distrib

1993;140(3):174±80.

4) Li YZ, David AK. Wheeling rates of reactive power flow under marginal cost pricing.

IEEE Trans Power Syst 1994;9(3):1263±9.

5) Ei-keib AA, Ma X. Calculating short-run marginal costs of active and reactive power

production. IEEE Trans Power Syst 1997;12(2):559±65.

6) Baughman ML, Siqqiqi SN, Zanikau JW. Advanced pricing in electrical systems. Part II.

Implications. IEEE Trans Power Syst 1997;12(1): 496±502.

7) Lamont JW, Fu J. Cost analysis of reactive power support. IEEE Trans Power Syst

1999;14(3):890±6.

8) Dai Y, Ni YX, Wen FS, Han ZX. Analysis of reactive power pricing under deregulation.

IEEE power engineering society summer meeting; July 2000. p. 2162±7.

9) Bhattacharya K, Zhong J. Reactive power as an ancillary service. IEEE Trans Power Syst

2001;16(2):294±300.



10) Zhong J, Bhattacharya K. Toward a competitive market for reactive power. IEEE TransPower Syst 2002;17(4):1206±15.

11) Hao S, Papalexopoulos A. Reactive pricing and management. IEEE Trans Power Syst1997;12(1):95±104.

12) Hao S. A reactive power management proposal for transmission operators. IEEE Trans

Power Syst 2003;18(4):1374±80.13) Silva EL, Hedgecock JJ, Mello JCO, Luz JCF. Practical cost-based approach for the

voltage ancillary service. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2001; 16(4):806±12.

14) Gill PE, Murray W, Wright MH. Numerical linear algebra and optimization. Old Tappan:Addison-Wesley; 1991.

15) Singh C, Musavi MT. A generalized energy function for transient stability analysis of power systems. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 1984; 32(7):637±45.

16) Lin X.J.David A.K,´A novel market-based reactive power management

scheme´,Electrical power and Energy systems.28,pp127-132,(2006).



COURSES STUDIED IN M.E.,M.E.,

SUBJECTSSUBJECTSSEMESTER I

* PSEC101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS

* PSEC102 DIGITAL SIMULATION OF POWER SYSTEM

*PSEC103 STATE ESTIMATION AND SECURITY CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM

ELECTIVES

* PSEE104 EHV AC&DC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

* PSEE105 EX PERT SYSTEMS AND THEIRAPPLICATIONS TO POWER SYSTEMPROBLEMS

*P

SEE106 FUZZY L

OGIC AND NEURAL

NETWORKS



M.E., SUBJECTS ContdM.E., SUBJECTS ContdSEMESTER II

* PSEC201 POWER SYSTEM ECONOMICS

* PSEC202 POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS

*PSEC203 STATIC RE

LAYING AND

PROTECTION INPOWER SYSTEM

ELECTIVES

* PSEE204 REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION INTRANSMISSION SYSTEM

* PSEE205 INSULATION TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHVOLTAGE ENGINEERING

*P

SEE206 SOL

ID STATE CONTROLL

ED EL

ECTRIC DRIVES



M.E., SUBJECTS ContdM.E., SUBJECTS ContdSEMESTER III

ELECTIVES* PSEE301 POWER SYSTEM VOLTAGE STABILITY

STUDIES

* PSEE302 POWER SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION



PLAN OF WORK FOR 2011COURSE WORK IN THE CURRENT SEMESTER

236207 FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

236208 RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEMS

* LITERATURE SURVEY

COURSE WORK IN THE NEXT SEMESTER

235082 SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES

236102 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

*INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE



THANK

YOU

anna university of tech 29-12-10

Documents