anna boegehold , karim alame , donna kashian , and nick ... · c o n tro l v e l o c i t y o f s p...
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Anna Boegehold1, Karim Alame1, Donna Kashian1, and Nick Johnson2
1Wayne State University 2United States Geological Survey
May enhance cyanobacteria blooms through
selective feeding
Cyanobacteria toxins can impact humans and
wildlife
Blooms becoming larger, more frequent, more
severe
2015
Are broadcast spawners
Spawn from April-September
May rely on phytoplankton
cues for spawning
Nutritious algae may stimulate
while cyanobacteria could
hinder reproduction
www.100thmeridian.org
Determine the effects of cyanobacteria on
quagga mussel spawning, fertilization, and
sperm motility
Quagga mussels collected from Detroit
River on Belle Isle State Park, Detroit, MI
13 total cultures of 8 species
Anabaena flos-aquae
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Dolichospermum lemmermanii
Gloeotrichia echinulata (2 cultures)
Lyngbya woolei
Microcystis aeruginosa (5 cultures)
M. wesenbergii
Planktothrix suspensa
Mussels placed into vials containing either
cyanobacteria or control solution
Induced to spawn using 5-HT serotonin
Checked for spawning by examining solutions
at 200x for sperm or eggs
13 cultures tested
Induced mussels to spawn in
control solution
Combined sperm and eggs in
treatment and control
Examined eggs for mitosis
after 3 hours
13 cultures tested
Sperm from five mussels were recorded (monochrome video camera at 400x)
At least 10 sperm from each recording were tracked for 5 seconds
Recordings were analyzed for distance, velocity, and acceleration
8 cultures tested
Control
Aphanizomenon
flos-aquae
Fisher’s Exact Test
Control
Aphanizomenon
flos-aquae
Fisher’s Exact Test;
red circles = p<0.05
Cyanobacteria
Control
% F
ertili
zed
Eggs
020
4060
8010
0
Anabaena
Aphanizo
me non
Dolichosp
ermum
Gloeotrich ia AS
GV
Gloeotrich ia BQ
11-02
Lyngbya
M. aeruginosa LEM
S
M. aeruginosa BQ
11
M. aeruginosa LSC
M. aeruginosa U
TEX
M. aeruginosa ZUR
M. wese
nbergii
P. su
spensa
**
**
*
*
*
T-test
* = p<0.05
% F
erti
lize
d e
gg
s
06
04
020
80
100
Cyanobacteria
Control
% F
ertili
zed
Eggs
020
4060
8010
0
Anabaena
Aphanizo
me non
Dolichosp
ermum
Gloeotrich ia AS
GV
Gloeotrich ia BQ
11-02
Lyngbya
M. aeruginosa LEM
S
M. aeruginosa BQ
11
M. aeruginosa LSC
M. aeruginosa U
TEX
M. aeruginosa ZUR
M. wese
nbergii
P. su
spensa
**
**
*
*
*
T-test
* = p<0.05
% F
erti
lize
d e
gg
s
06
04
020
80
100
Cyanobacteria
Control
Dis
tanc
e Sp
erm
Tra
vele
d (n
m)
010
0020
0030
0040
0050
00
Anabaena
Aphanizomenon
Dolichosp
ermum
Gloeotrichia
Microcy
stis LSC
Microcy
stis U
TEX
Microcy
stis G
LERL
Microcy
stis Z
UR
M. Wese
nbergii
**
*
MANOVA w/ multivariate ANOVA; p<0.05
Dis
tan
ce S
per
m T
rave
lled
(nm
)
0
100
0
2
00
0
30
00
40
00
50
00
Cyanobacteria
Control
Dis
tanc
e Sp
erm
Tra
vele
d (n
m)
010
0020
0030
0040
0050
00
Anabaena
Aphanizomenon
Dolichosp
ermum
Gloeotrichia
Microcy
stis LSC
Microcy
stis U
TEX
Microcy
stis G
LERL
Microcy
stis Z
UR
M. Wese
nbergii
**
*
MANOVA w/ multivariate ANOVA; p<0.05
Dis
tan
ce S
per
m T
rave
lled
(nm
)
0
100
0
2
00
0
30
00
40
00
50
00
Cyanobacteria
Control
Velo
city
of S
perm
(nm
/s)
020
040
060
080
010
00
Anabaena
Aphanizom
enon
Dolichosp
ermum
Gloeotrich
ia
Micr
ocysti
s LSC
Micr
ocysti
s UTEX
Microcy
stis G
LERL
Micr
ocysti
s ZUR
M. W
esenberg
ii
MANOVA w/ multivariate ANOVA; p<0.05
**
*
Vel
oci
ty o
f Sp
erm
(nm
/s)
100
08
00
60
04
00
200
0
Cyanobacteria
Control
Velo
city
of S
perm
(nm
/s)
020
040
060
080
010
00
Anabaena
Aphanizom
enon
Dolichosp
ermum
Gloeotrich
ia
Micr
ocysti
s LSC
Micr
ocysti
s UTEX
Microcy
stis G
LERL
Micr
ocysti
s ZUR
M. W
esenberg
ii
MANOVA w/ multivariate ANOVA; p<0.05
**
*
Vel
oci
ty o
f Sp
erm
(nm
/s)
100
08
00
60
04
00
200
0
Cyanobacteria
Control
Sper
m A
ccel
erat
ion
(ms2 )
-50
050
100
150
200
250
Anabaena
Aphanizomenon
Dolichosp
ermum
Gloeotrichia
Microcy
stis LSC
Microcy
stis U
TEX
Microcy
stis G
LERL
Microcy
stis Z
UR
M. Wese
nbergii
MANOVA w/ multivariate ANOVA; p<0.05
*
Sp
erm
Acc
ele
rati
on
(m/s
2)
-50
0
5
0
1
00
150
200
250
Cyanobacteria
Control
Sper
m A
ccel
erat
ion
(ms2 )
-50
050
100
150
200
250
Anabaena
Aphanizomenon
Dolichosp
ermum
Gloeotrichia
Microcy
stis LSC
Microcy
stis U
TEX
Microcy
stis G
LERL
Microcy
stis Z
UR
M. Wese
nbergii
MANOVA w/ multivariate ANOVA; p<0.05
*
Sp
erm
Acc
ele
rati
on
(m/s
2)
-50
0
5
0
1
00
150
200
250
Spawning – Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
inhibits at > 0.158 mg/L chlor-a
Fertilization – 7 cultures have an effect
Sperm motility
Distance and velocity impacted by
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and two
Microcystis aeruginosa cultures
Acceleration impacted by M. wesenbergii
Cyanobacteria impacts spawning and fertilization in lab studies
Results can be used to enhance population model estimates
A chemical tool for reducing dreissenid reproduction might be derived from cyanobacteria to be used in tandem with other control efforts
Microcystis aeruginosa
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Identify and isolate chemical responsible
for spawning inhibition
Determine the cause for lower fertilization
rates and sperm motility
Veliger toxicology study with
cyanobacteria cultures
United States Geological Survey David Pitts Lab, Wayne State University Sue Watson – ECC Canada Lab Colleagues:
Darrin Hunt
Corey Krabbenhoft
Ali Shakoor
Andrew Camilleri
Razi Antoon
Karim Alame and Darrin Hunt collecting mussels and plankton at Belle Isle, Detroit MI