animation & modeling

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8/2/2013 Deblina Saha, Dept of IT, JU 1

Animation


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ANIMATION

Animate Means to give life to.

Definition:

A collection of static images joinedtogether and shown consecutively so thatthey appear to move.

Animation is about storytelling by bringingthings to life (making them move).


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What is ANIMATION?

Animation

Created from a sequence of still images.

Each image is slightly changed from the

previous one. Displayed rapidly in succession

Persistence of vision

blending together by the eye and brain ofrapidly displayed sequential images, giving theillusion of movement.


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Animation & Motion Video

Animation:

Graphics drawn by individuals.

Motion Video:

Actual photographs of real world objects takenthrough a camera


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Stop motion animation

Stop motion animation

It involves a model which is changed by smallamounts at a time.

Then rapidly photographed.


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Traditional Animation

Key-frames:

Created by lead artists or experts

The most important frames, which define theframes where the course of action changes.

Tweening:

Means in-between.

Assistants draw a number of frames betweenthe key-frames.

18 increments of movement projected at 24frames per second give a lifelike result.


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Usage of Animation

Entertainment Industry

Computer Games

Education

Industrial & scientific application

Storytelling


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Types of Animation

Cel animation:

Cel comes from the word celluloid, the materialthat made up early motion picture film.

Transparent piece of films that is used in hand-drawn animation.

Generally cels are layered.

One layer on top of others to produce a singleanimation frame.

Layering enables to isolate & redraw only theparts of the image that changes.


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Types of Animation

Cel animation:


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Types of Animation

Path Animation:

Does not exist as a collection of frames.

But as mathematical entities, called vectors,

stored by animation program. Sprite:

Image or collection of images

Moves as an independent objects.

Spline: Motion path of sprite

Curved typically.

Vector defines it as a set of equations


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Types of Animation

Path Animation:

Spline passes through a series of anchor pointswhich the user can control to change the shape

of the path. Also known as Sprite animation.

Less disk space required because of thecompact vector representations.


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Types of Animation

Path Animation:


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Types of Animation

2D vs 3D Animation:

2D Animation:

Do not take consideration the depth ofobjects.

Depict animated objects on flat surfaces.

3D Animation:

Consider apace coordinates.

Involves modeling, rendering and addingsurface properties, lighting and cameramotions.

More complex than 2D.


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Types of Animation

Computer assisted Animation:

Based on key-frame concept.

In-between frames are generated by the

animation program itself. To ensure smooth transitions between frames,

each frame must be carefully aligned withother frames.

Registration points:

A point on each cel that lines up with thesame point on every cel.

Timeline


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Basic Principles of Animation

Squash and Stretch

This action gives the illusion of weight andvolume to a character as it moves.

A bouncing ball that does not change shape,as it moves gives a lifeless, mechanicalimpression.

The shape of the ball should be flattened asit strikes the ground & revert back to the

original round shape as it rebounds into theair.

Amount of flattering should be proportionalto the height from which the ball is falling.


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Squash and Stretch

=


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Anticipation

This movement prepares the audience for a

major action the character is about toperform, otherwise the motion seemsawkward & confusing.

Like us in real life, the animation shouldprepare to act before actually act.


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Anticipation

Example:

Goofy prepares to hit a baseball.


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Staging

Arrange things in each frame so that theaction is clear and easy to see.

A pose or action should clearly communicateto the audience the attitude, mood, reactionor idea of the character as it relates to thestory and continuity of the story line.


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Follow Through and OverlappingAction

Follow-through is the complement of

anticipation. Anticipation & follow-through combine in

overlapping action.

Not necessary to bring one action to acomplete stop before beginning the next.

One action to commence before the first iscompletely done is more natural.

Overlap contributes to the continuity of ascene.


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Follow Through and OverlappingAction

Goofy afterthrowing a ball

Luxo Jr.s hop with

overlapping action

on chord.


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Slow-in & Slow-out

As action starts, we have more drawings nearthe starting pose, one or two in the middle,

and more drawings near the next pose.

Fewer drawings make the action faster andmore drawings make the action slower. Slow-ins and slow-outs soften the action, making it

more life-like


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Arcs

All actions, with few exceptions (such as theanimation of a mechanical device), follow an

arc or slightly circular path. This is especially true of the human figure

and the action of animals. Arcs giveanimation a more natural action and betterflow.


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Arcs


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Timing Sped of an action is an important way to

show a characters intent.

The basics are:

more drawings between poses slow andsmooth the action.

Fewer drawings make the action fasterand crisper.

Rapid movement is for emergencies. Slow movement implies deliberation.

Holding an important moment of scene isimportant.


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Timing


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Secondary Action

This action results from main action.

It enriches the main action and adds more

dimension to the character animation.


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Appeal A live performer has charisma. An animated

character has appeal.

Appealing animation does not mean just being

cute and cuddly. All characters have to haveappeal whether they are heroic, villainous, comicor cute.

Appeal is visual as well as psychological


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Appeal


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Exaggeration

Exaggeration is not extreme distortion of adrawing or extremely broad, violent action all

the time. Its like a caricature of facial features,

expressions, poses, attitudes and actions.

Exaggerating the important elements makethem standout and bring them closer to the

viewer.


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8/2/2013 Deblina Saha Dept of IT JU 31


Exaggeration

animation & modeling

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