Animals Presentation

This is an overview of the major Animal groups. It includes some major vocabulary.

You will be assigned one group to research further and do a project on.

Concept Map Assignment• On a piece of paper create a concept map of at least 15

bubbles that includes information in this presentation. Animals should be the center or top of your concept map.– For Example:

AnimalsAnimals

InvertebrateInvertebrateVertebrateVertebrate

Are sorted into two main groups

Two main groups of animals• Invertebrates- Animals

without backbones/spines• Most are smaller

because they do not have a backbone.

• Exoskeletons- tough outer coverings that do not grow but offer protection.

– Exoskeletons have to fall off in order for the organisms to grow…molt.

• Vertebrates- Animals with bones and spines– 5% of animal species are

vertebrates– All have muscles, a digestive

system, a respiratory system, a circulatory system and a nervous system with sensory organs.

– Endoskeleton- internal support system such as a skeleton made of bone tissue

Animal Body Plans and Symmetry

• All animals have complex, specialized Body Plans.

– Organ Systems, Organs, Tissues that all do specific jobs.

• An Animals’ Body Symmetry will tell you a lot about its body plan and systems.

– Symmetry is the arrangement of the animal’s body parts.

1. Radial symmetry2.Bilateral symmetry3. Asymmetrical

Radial symmetry

• Body parts are arranged in a circle around a central point.

Example: The spokes on a wheel.

Bilateral Symmetry

• Body parts are arranged in the same way on both sides of its body.

• Each ½ is a mirror image of the other.

Example: A Butterfly

Asymmetrical• Some organisms have no definite

shape

• There is no way their bodies can be divided into matching halves.

Example: There are many articles of clothing that are asymmetrical.

Six types of invertebrates:

Simplest invertebrate animal on Earth.

They live in water and filter food from their environment.

Live in water and have a central opening.

Most have stinging cells for protection or catching prey.

Examples: Jellyfish, sea anemones, hydra, corals

Invertebrate animals that live in water or on land.

They have soft, tube shaped bodies that have a distinctive head.

Invertebrate animals that are divided into 3 groups.

These animals have strong muscular feet in order to move and capture food.

Ex: Clam, Snail, Octopus

Invertebrates with a spiny outer skeleton and central openings to take in food.

Ex: Sea urchin, Sea cucumber, Star fish, Sand Dollar

Invertebrate animal with a segmented body and exoskeleton.

**See All About Arthropods**

Ex: Insects crabs millipedes, arachnids.

Five groups of vertebrates:

Body Temperatures in Vertebrates

• Ectotherm- animals whose body temperatures change with the environment–Ex. Fish, Reptiles, Amphibians

• Endotherm- animals that can maintain a constant body temperature.–Ex. Birds, Mammals

Reptiles Reptiles • Scaly skin to protect from dry,

harsh climate• Ectotherm• Young look like little adults• Often active at night• Lay hard-shelled eggs, fertilized

internally

Amphibians Amphibians • Slimy, wet bodies• Ectotherms• Live some part of life cycle in water• Young usually do Metamorphosis• Lay soft-shelled eggs, fertilized

externally

Birds Birds • Birds live in most environments• Most can fly -> special adaptations to fly• Endotherms- have adaptations for

staying warm• Have feathers and a beak; 4 limbs: a

pair of scaly legs and a pair of wings• Lay hard-shelled eggs

Mammals

Characteristics of Mammals

• Diverse group• All mammals have hair (during some part

of their life cycle) and body fat.• Have teeth specialized for consuming

particular kinds of food.• All mammals produce milk to feed their

young• Give live birth (a couple odd ball exceptions)

Fish-Most diverse group of vertebrates-Adapted to life in all aquatic environments.-Fish Reproduce Sexually

Fish are adapted to living in the water:

• swim bladder controls depth at which the fish swims

• Streamlined- muscles & fins push the fish through the water

• gills remove oxygen from water and in exchange for releasing carbon dioxide

• lateral line- which is an organ that allows fish to sense objects or organisms near by.

20, 000 different kinds of fishKind of fish Traits Examples

Jawless Tube-like shape, no stomach in their digestive systems.

Lampreys, hagfish

Cartilaginous Skeletons made of cartilage, feed on small animals

Sharks, rays, skates

Bony Bodies covered in scales, Skeletons made of bone

Tuna, flounder, goldfish, perch, eels, (most fish you think of)