animals: how life goes on · 2020. 3. 19. · 4 chapter no : 03 wonderful kalam introduction: this...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Class: 4th
RECOGNIZED BY STATE GOVT/ AFFILIATED WITH J&K BOSE
PROFESSOR COLONY, NASEEM BAGH, SRINAGAR, J&K-190006
WEBSITE : WWW.CRESCENTPS.IN
E-MAIL : [email protected] CALL : 0194-2414382 / 9697132584
ASSIGNMENTS
UNIT: 2ND
ALL SUBJECTS
Session:
2019-2020
2
SUBJECT : ENGLISH
Unit : II
Contents :
PROSE
Wonderful Kalam
Friends Of The Trees
POETRY
The Little Big Man
GRAMMAR
Adjectives: its types, degrees of comparison
WRITING SKILLS
Essay writing
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FORMAT OF INDEX TO BE MAINTAINED ON FAIR NOTEBOOKS
UNIT II
INDEX
CHAPTER NO:
TOPIC:
DATE:
CONTENTS
New Words
Summary [for poem]
Question/Answers
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Chapter No : 03 Wonderful Kalam INTRODUCTION: This chapter is a bio-pic of a renowned scientist and India’s eleventh president Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. Being a pioneer of India’s missile and Nuclear weapons programmes, he is popularly known as the Missile Man of India. Overview of the chapter:
APJ Abdul Kalam (1931 -2015) was
born in Tamil Nadu
To support his family financially he worked at
an early age.
Conceived the integrated guided
Missile Development Programme for five Indigenous Missiles
Besides being an aerospace engineer,
rocket engineer, technologist, scientist
teacher and president of India, he was a prolific
author.
His greatest achievement was his
ability to inspire generations of young Indians to dream big.
Graduated in 1954, earned a degree in aeronautical engineering from MIT in
1960
Was the project director of India’s
first indigenous satellite launch
vehicle.
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pioneer one of the first people to
do/develop something financially concerning money imam a person who leads prayers in
a mosque tutelage care, guidance pivotal central indigenous belonging naturally to a
country conceived framed an idea integrated in which different parts are
closely connected and working together
road map a set of instructions stint allotted period of work affectionately with love distinguished famous or outstanding prolific producing a great number of
work collapsed (here) fell down because of
illness inspire motivate
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Match the following (page no. 20)
1) Match the columns to make complete sentences.
1. Dr Abdul Kalam was a a) the Indian Space Research Organisation.
2. His full name was b) 1954. 3. He graduated in c) Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul
Kalam. 4. In 1969, he joined d) scientist and India's eleventh
President. 5. Dr Vikram Sarabhai e) had a great influence on Dr
Kalam. Ans:
1. Dr Abdul Kalam was a d) scientist and India's eleventh President.
2. His full name was c) Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam.
3. He graduated in b) 1954. 4. In 1969, he joined a) the Indian Space Research
Organisation. 5. Dr Vikram Sarabhai e) had a great influence on Dr
Kalam.
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Answer these questions
Q 1. Why will Dr. Abdul Kalam be remembered as the Missile
Man of India?
Ans: Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam was a pioneer of India's missile and
nuclear weapons programme. So he will be remembered as the
Missile Man of India.
Q 2. Describe in your own words, Dr Kalam's childhood.
Ans: Dr. Kalam was born in a poor family in Rameswaram, Tamil
Nadu. He started working at an early age to support his family. He
used to sell newspapers after school so that he could support his
father financially.
Q 4. Name two books written by Dr. Abdul Kalam. Do you
know of any other? Find out and add the names to your list.
Ans: Mission India, Inspiring Thoughts, Ignited Minds, Wings of
Fire, Guiding Souls, The Scientific India are the books penned by
Dr. Kalam.
Q 5. What is considered Dr. Kalam's greatest achievement?
Ans: His ability to inspire generations of young Indians to dream
big is considered as the greatest achievement of Dr. Kalam.
8
1) Use the words given below to replace 'walked' in the
following sentences. (Page No. 21)
tiptoed | strolled | skipped | limped | waded
1. It was obvious that he was injured, as he walked badly.
2. They walked around the park the whole morning.
3. The pond was deep but they walked across, holding their bags
above their heads.
4. The little girl walked down the path.
5. When the child fell asleep, the mother walked quietly out of the
room.
Answers:
1. limped 2. strolled 3. waded 4. skipped 5. tiptoed
Complete these sentences choosing right words from the box.
(Page No. 21)
creaked | sizzled | screeched | buzzed | swished
1. The car _____________ to a halt when a dog suddenly ran in front
of it.
2. The bee _____________ around me noisily.
3. The horse _____________ its tail, trying to drive the flies away.
4. The pizza was so hot that it _____________.
UNDERSTANDING WORDS
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5. The child felt scared when the door _____________ open in the
middle of the night.
Answers :
1. screeched 2. buzzed 3. Swished 4. Sizzled 5. creaked
Choose the correct option to complete these sentences. (Page
No. 22)
1. Please wash those (dish/dishs/dishes).
2. She loves (peach/peachs/peaches) because they are very
juicy.
3. I saw three (buffalo/buffaloes/buffalos)resting in the shade
of the tree.
4. Can you get some (glass/glasses) of water?
5. Tina has many painting (brush/brushs/brushes).
6. (Fox/Foxs/Foxes) are cunning animals.
7. She bought more (mango/mangos/mangoes) than him.
8. I don't like these (pen/pens).
Answers:
1. dishes 2. Peaches 3. Buffaloes 4. Glasses 5. Brushes 6. Foxes
7. mangoes 8. pens
Complete these sentences with a, an or the. (Page No. 23)
1. _____ apple _____ day keeps _____ doctor away.
Understanding Rules
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2. _____ man standing over there is _____ uncle of mine.
3. Oxford's _____ university where I first met Kevin.
4. _____ unidentified bag was found in the metro.
5. It is good to have _____ umbrella when it rains.
6. _____ friend in need is _____ friend indeed.
7. _____ idle mind is _____ devil's workshop.
Answers :
1. An, a, the 2. The, an 3. The 4. An 5. an 6. A, a 7. An, the
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ADJECTIVES
Adjective: Adjective is a word that describes or tells us something more about a noun or pronoun. Examples:
a wet, rainy day a long holiday
a difficult question
KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
Adjective of Quality
tells us about the quality of noun
Adjective Of Quantity
tells us about the quantity of noun
Adjective of Number
tells us about the number of people and things
Demonstrative Adjective
tells us about which thing or person we mean
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Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box to
complete the paragraph (Page No. 24)
refreshing | a lot | thoughtful | interesting | new | some | tasty
exciting | good | enjoyable | positive | comfortable | young | four
Sumedha watched an _________________ film yesterday. It was about a ________________ boy who went to a _________________ school and how he became _________________ friends with his classmates. The movie had an _________________ football match, which she enjoyed _________________. In the movie hall, she sat on a _________________ seat and drank ________________ lemonade. She even munched _______________ of the ________________ popcorn that her mother had bought. She wrote a _______________ review of the film, giving it _________________ stars, and called it an ________________ experience with a _______________ message for its viewers. Answers: interesting, young, new, good, exciting, a lot, comfortable, refreshing, some, tasty Identify and classify the adjectives in each of these sentences. Write them in the correct columns. (Page No. 24) 1. It has been a difficult and tiring night. 2. I bought seven beautiful red roses. 3. That bottle is made of steel. 4. Rekha has many toys but she likes to play with only a few. 5. It is refreshing to walk when cool breeze is blowing. 6. She likes reading inspiring stories before going to bed. 7. The little work he did was not found to be satisfactory. Adjectives of
quality Adjectives of
number Adjectives of
quantity Demonstrative
adjectives _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
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Answers:
Adjectives of quality :difficult, tiring, beautiful, red, steel, refreshing, cool, inspiring, satisfactory Adjectives of number :seven, Adjectives of quantity :many, few, little Demonstrative adjectives: that
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Chapter No : 04 The Little Big Man
slate
(here) a small sheet of slate in wooden frame used in the past in schools by students to write
silver (here) coins made of silver
Poet’s Account :
Introduction of the poem: In this poem the poet fantasises
himself as an adult and talks about the ways things will appear to
him as an adult.
Rabindranath Tagore
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Overview of the poem
The Little Big Man
Rabindranath Tagore
Fantasy of the
poet as he grows
up
Buy his own
clothes Confident
Contended
No home work and lessons
Visit to a fair alone
Financial independence
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“SUMMARY”
The poem ‘The Little Big Man’ has been written by ‘Rabindranath
Tagore.’ The poet talks about the way things will appear to him
when he is grown up. He leaves a clue about being like his father
when he is grown up. The poet says that when his teacher would
turn up and ask him to bring his slate and his books, he would
confidently reply “Do you not know I am as big as my father?” The
poet feels a sense of satisfaction, when he would be adult enough
to visit the fair alone where the crowd would be thick. He talks
about other instances when he would have right to give money to
the nurse because he would have grown up. In the last stanza he
says when his father would come in October and bring some little
shoes and silken frocks for him, he would happily tell him he has
grown up and no longer needs them.
Choose the correct option (Page No. 29)
1) I am a (little/big/good) child. Ans: little 2) It is late, bring your (books/slate/pencils). Ans: slate 3) I shall (dress/bathe/groom) myself. Ans: dress 4) What are you about, (good/obedient/naughty) child? Ans: naughty 5) I must give (gold/silver/lead) to my nurse. Ans: silver 6) He can give (toys/books/money) to whom he likes?
Ans: money
Answer these questions
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
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Q 1. The child assumes that he is small now but when he grows up he will be like his father. What impression of his father do you get from the poem? Ans: The child’s father seems to be a good, responsible man for his child aspires to become one like him. Q 2. The child talks about school. What dreams does he have? Ans: The poet appears to be glad at the thought that he would no longer have lessons anymore and would be exempled of all lessons and homework. Q 3. What will happen when he goes to the fair? Ans: When he goes to the fair, he will meet his uncle who will come rushing towards him. His uncle will show his concern and tell the child that he will get lost. His uncle would like to carry him. But the child will refuse as he thinks he is as big as his father. Q 4. The child's father will return home in October. What
permission will he give to the child?
Ans: When the child's father will return home in October, he will allow his child to buy clothes as the child will be grown-up by then. Q 5. The child has introduced us his whole lifestyle. What impressions do you get about the child? Ans: Here are some of the things that can be perceived from the poem about the child.
a) The child is young and wants to grow-up like his father. b) He seems to be inspired by his father and thus wants to be
like him. c) He dislikes homework or taking lessons. d) The child is seen as being protected and enquired all the
time. e) He wants to be given the freedom to visit the fair alone. f) He wants to be self-sufficient and to be able to manage home
affairs. g) Above all he wants the consideration of being mature and
independent by society.
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6) Explain the following phrases.
1. I am as big as my father Ans: I am a grown-up person like my father. I am not small like any child or any kid. I am old enough to do my work and take all decisions.
2. my master will wonder Ans: My master will be surprised. 3. where the crowd is thick Ans: Where there are many people or where there is a dense crowd 4. what are you about Ans: What are you up to? What are you doing? 5. he is grown up Ans: He is a big individual. He is not small. 6. I must give silver to my nurse
Ans: I must give money/coins to my nurse.
Suffix
+
+
Suffixes are letters or a group of letters that we add at the
end of a word to make a new word.
Wonder ful Wonderful
Rest Less Restless
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1) Add a suffix from the help box to the root word given in
brackets and complete the sentences.
-ful | -less | -able | -al 1. Pollution is ______________ (harm) for health. 2. His behaviour was ______________ (shame). 3. Jana Gana Mana is the ______________ (nation) anthem of India. 4. Sumedha is wearing ______________ (fashion) earrings. 5. We were looking forward to an ______________ (enjoy) day. 6. A butterfly has ______________ (colour) wings. 7. The soldier was brave and ______________ (fear). 8. The village far away from the city was calm and ______________ (peace). Answers : 1. harmful 2. shameful 3. National 4. fashionable 5. enjoyable 6. colourful 7. fearless 8. peaceful
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Chapter No : 05 Friends of the Trees
Clearing : An open area in a forest that does not have trees or bushes
Shrill : Sharp and loud Nectar : Sweet liquid produced by flowers
Cawing : A harsh, loud cry like a crow’s cry Boughs : (rhymes with ‘cows’) large
branches Gluttons : Who eat and drink more than is
needed Relief : Relaxed feeling after some pain
or distress
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Chapter Sketch: Characters
Bark Beetles Woodpecker Tree
fed on the
grass
asked the woodpecker to sing so as
to distract him
settled under the bark to hide
from the woodpecker and slowly destroyed
the tree
hunted the beetles
started singing and forgot all about hunting
hunted the beetles to rescue the
tree
couldn’t stand his singing and
shook his boughs and
leaves
sighed with
relief
Woodpeckers really are friends
of the trees
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Tick the Correct Answer (p.no.39) 1) The woodpecker settled on the foot of the tree a) as he was a little tired. ✓
b) to feed on the grass. c) because he missed talking to the tree who was his good friend. d) so that he could begin singing. 2) The beetles were not going to ask the bees anything because a) they did not like the bees. b) they did not like the woodpecker advising them. c) they were not interested in gathering nectar. ✓ d) the beetles did not want to lead a healthy life. 3) The beetles asked the woodpecker to sing because a) they liked its voice. b) they wished to distract the woodpecker. ✓
c) they were in a happy mood. d) they thought of living in peace. 4) When the tree moaned, the beetles a) sang a song to soothe the tree. b) decided to return to the clearing. c) threatened the tree of eating it up soon. ✓
d) asked the woodpecker for help.
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Answer these questions 1) Where did the bark beetles first settle? What did they feed on? Ans: The bark beetles first settled in an open area, a green clearing in the forest. They fed on the grass. 2) Why was life not always good for the beetles? Ans: The bark beetles had to be constantly alert because of their worst enemy, the woodpecker. So life was not always good for the beetles. 3) How did the tree use to respond to the woodpecker's sayings? Ans: The tree always agreed to and supported the woodpecker's sayings. 4) What was the woodpecker's advice for the beetles? Ans: The woodpecker told the beetles to gather nectar like the bees. He said that it was healthy and good for both the flowers and the fruit. The beetles should follow the bees and collect nectar like the latter. 5) What did the tree do when the woodpecker started singing? Ans: When the woodpecker started singing, the tree began to shake his boughs and leaves. 6) Describe the 'sorry sight' that the tree became. Ans: As the beetles ate through a few holes in the bark of the tree, there were hundreds of little holes in his bark. The beetles settled down under the holes. Gradually they made more space for themselves and a lot of dust came out of the holes. Thus the tree became a 'sorry sight'.
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PREFIXES
Prefixes are letters or a group of letters added at the
beginning of words to make another word.
1) Using the prefixes un-, in-, im-, mis-, dis- form opposites of the words in brackets and complete the sentences. (P.no. 40) 1. The task looked ______________ when we first began to work.(possible) 2. The story sounded ______________ but Kritika said that was how it exactly happened. (believable) 3. He ______________ Paresh's words and ended up going to the theatre room instead of theauditorium. (understood) 4. The Internet has been ______________. (connected)
Rewrite Write
Comfort Discomfort
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5. Ritesh seems to be behaving rather ______________ with Satish these days. (fairly) 6. I know for a fact that Arpita ______________ tomatoes. (likes) 7. It is ______________ hot for a winter day. (usually) 8. I could not find Rahel in the crowd. I thought she had become ______________! (visible) 9. The story of the fire seems to have been ______________ in this newspaper. (represented) Answers : 1. impossible 2. unbelievable 3. misunderstood 4. disconnected 5. unfairly 6. dislikes 7. unusually 8. invisible 9. misrepresented 2) Complete these sentences using the words from the box
(page no.41) refill | recall | rejoin | restart | replan 1. We had to ______________ our whole strategy. 2. Tarun went to ______________ his bottle. 3. ______________ the device to complete the updates. 4. Sanya decided to ______________ the dramatic club. 5. They could not ______________ his name however hard they tried. Answers : 1. replan 2. refill 3. restart 4. rejoin 5. recall
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Degrees of Comparison: - Adjectives have three degrees of comparison. The positive degree is the base or simple form of an adjective.
This degree is used simply to state the quality of a noun. examples: My new shoes are comfortable The brown carton is heavy.
The comparative degree is used to compare a common quality of two nouns. It is always followed by the word ‘than’. Mr. Roy is taller than Mr. Bose. The brown carton is heavier than the red carton.
The superlative degree is used to compare a common quality of three or more nouns. We use ‘the’ before superlative degree.
Juhi is the tallest girl in the class. The yellow carton is the heaviest of all the cartons.
3) Complete the sentences using the correct form of adjectives in the brackets. (P. no.42) 1. India has the second _______________ population in the world. (large) 2. It is _______________ in December. (cold) 3. Abhinav was the _______________ to arrive in class. (early) 4. Sneha is _______________ than Vini by two weeks. (old) 5. Dorothy thinks plums are _______________ than grapes. (tasty) 6. Cycling is considered to be one of the _______________ exercises.(healthy) 7. Simran is _______________ than Pooja. (tall) 8. She seems to be _______________ than us all. (smart) Answers : 1. largest 2. cold 3. earliest 4. older 5. tastier 6. healthiest 7. taller 8. smarter
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Writing Skill
ESSAY WRITING
The word ‘essay’ is derived from a latin word ‘exagium’, which roughly translates to presenting one’s case. An essay is an interesting piece of writing on a certain topic, comprising of a number of well-written and well-arranged paragraphs on a given subject. It expresses one’s ideas and thoughts on a particular topic and also provides relevant information to the reader.
Structure of an Essay
There is no rigid format of an essay. Essay writing is an art, a creative process. So an essay should not be confined within the boundaries. However, there is a basic structure that is generally followed while writing essays. The basic structure of an essay is:
Essay
• It introduces the reader to the theme or topic of the essay and therefore has to be effective, attractive and brief. We can start with a quote , a proverb or a definition. Another interesting strategy to engage a reader is to start with a question.
INTRODUCTION
• The main part of the essay comprises of several supporting paragraphs which explain the theme or the subject matter of the essay. This part of the essay has to be in detail and the points must be logically arranged.
BODY
• It is the closing part of the essay and must be convincing, precise and brief.
CONCLUSION
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USES OF ELECTRICITY
Science has given us many blessings, electricity is one of them. It
has brought about many changes in the world. Electricity is a
wonder of science. To speak the truth, one can’t imagine a single
day without it. These days much of the domestic work is done
with the help of electricity. It lights our roads and houses. We use
electricity for cooking and ironing our clothes. In summer we
enjoy the breeze of electric fans. In winter, the electric heaters
keep us warm. Electricity has given us numerous blessings. In
industries, the services of electricity are even great. Now a day
almost all the industrial units, mills and factories are run by the
means of electricity. Modern life is incomplete without T.V, mobile
phones, computers, radio. The X-ray machines work on electricity.
With its help many diseases and defects in the internal organs of
the body are detected and cured. All these are the blessings of
electricity.
Electricity has made our travelling very quick and comfortable.
We can travel by electric trains, tram-cars very quickly. There is
an electric toaster which cuts 29 thousand slices of bread in one
hour. Cows are milked by electricity and there are electric
ploughs for ploughing fields.
The wonders of electricity cannot be counted. Its blessings are so
many that it is impossible to describe them.
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SUBJECT : SOCIAL STUDIES
Topic : The Northern Mountains
Chapter No : 04
Flow Chart : A comprehensive study of the lesson
These bold persons climbed
the Mount Everest
Edmund Hillary Tenzing Norgay Junko Tabei Bachendri
Pal
Erick Weihen-
Mayer
New Zealand
1953
Nepal – India
1953
Japan
1975
India
1984
USA
2001
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The Northern Mountains
The Himalayas The Karakoram The North Eastern
Mountain Ranges.
The Greater Himalayas
(Himadri)
The Middle or the lesser
Himalayas (Himachal)
The Outer Himalayas
(Shiwalik)
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Important Peaks of the
Northern Mountains
Mount Everest
Height : 8,848m
Mt Godwin
Austin (K2)
Height: 8,611 m
Kanchenjunga
Height: 8,586 m
Annapurna
Height :8,091
Nanda Devi
Height: 7,816
Mountain Passes
Zojila Rohtang
Pass
Shipki La
Chang La Khardung
La
Nathu
La
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Natural Vegetation
Greater Himalayas Middle Himalayas Outer Himalayas
1. Extreme cold conditions.
2. Less vegetation.
3. Shrubs, mosses and wild flowers
such as blue poppies, edelweiss etc
grow here.
1. Trees like pine, oak, poplar, fir, birch etc grow here.
2. This region is famous for orchards of apples, plums, pears etc.
3. Plants such rhododendrous also grow here.
1. Broadleaf forests and evergreen
forests are found here.
2. Deciduous trees such as keekar,
sal, teak and babool are also
found here.
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States in the Himalayan Region
Jammu and Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand
Capital
Srinagar – Summer
Jammu – Winter
Capital
Shimla Capital
Dehradun
Places to visit
Srinagar
Gulmarg
Pahalgam
Shalimar Bagh
Nishat Bagh
Chashma Shahi
Indira Gandhi Tulip
Garden
Places to visit :
Kullu
Manali
Shimla
Dalhousie
Dharamshala
Chail, a hill station
Places to visit :
Massoori
Nainital
Ranikhet
Worship places
Like Gangotri,
Yamunotri,
Badrinath etc.
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Book Work
1) Picture Study:
1. Identify the picture.
_____________________
2. Why do people use it?
_____________________
_____________________
1. It is Rohtang Pass.
2. People use passes to cross or climb a mountain.
2) Check Points (Page No. 355)
1) A group of mountains that are close together is called
a____________. (mountain range)
2) ____________ is the highest peak of the world. (Mount Everest)
3) The word ____________ means 'abode of snow'. ('Himalaya')
4) The Greater Himalayas are also known as ____________. (Himadri)
5) Rhododendrons are grown in the ____________. (Middle
Himalayas)
3) Check Point (Page No. 361)
1) Jammu is the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. ______
(False)
2) Kedarnath is in Uttarakhand. ______ (True)
3) Agartala is the capital of Nagaland. ______ (False)
4) Meghalaya means abode of clouds. ______ (True)
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4) Multiple Choice Questions
1) ______________ is the highest peak in the world.
a) Mount Everest
b) K2
c) Nanda Devi
Ans : a) Mount Everest
2) ______________ is a famous hill station of the Middle Himalayan Range.
a) Manali
b) Ooty
c) Panchgani
Ans : a) Manali
3) The foothill of the Outer Himalayas is known as ______________ region.
a) bangar
b) khaddar
c) terai
Ans : c) terai
4) Shimla is the capital of ______________.
a) Rajasthan
b) Assam
c) Himachal Pradesh
Ans : c) Himachal Pradesh
5) Mizoram is famous for ______________ dance.
a) tree
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b) leave
c) bamboo
Ans : c) bamboo
6) Sikkim is famous for its ______________ plantation.
a) spice
b) orchid
c) rubber
Ans : b) orchid
5) Match the following
1) Match the following places to visit to their respective states.
1. Gulmarg a) Manipur
2. Hemkund Sahib b) Meghalaya
3. Tawang c) Uttarakhand
4. Elephant Falls d) Arunachal Pradesh
5. Kangla Fort e) Jammu and Kashmir
1.e) 2.c) 3.d) 4.b) 5.a)
6) Answer these questions
Q 1. Which mountain ranges form the Northern Mountains in
India?
Ans: The Northern Mountains include the Himalayas, the
Karakoram and the north-eastern mountain ranges.
Q 2. What is a pass? Give an example.
Ans: A route through a mountain range is called a mountain pass
or La. Example include Rohtang Pass.
37
Q 3. Which Indian state has two capitals?
Ans: Jammu and Kashmir has two capitals.
Srinagar – summer capital
Jammu – winter capital
Q 4. Where are Pashmina goats found?
Ans: Pashmina goats are found in the high altitudes of the
Himalayas in the Jammu and Kashmir state.
Q 5. Name the world's third highest peak.
Ans: Kanchenjunga is the world's third highest peak.
Q 6. Describe the climate of the Northern Mountains.
Ans: The Greater Himalayas get heavy snowfall during winter.
They remain very cold throughout the year. The Middle
Himalayas have a summer temperature of around 17°C. The Outer
Himalayas are not very cold, but they get heavy rainfall during
monsoon.
Q 7. Most states in the Northern Mountains are visited by
tourists. Why?
Ans: Most states in the Northern Mountains are visited by tourists
because the weather remains cold throughout the year and has
pleasant weather during summer with temperature of 17 degrees.
Q 8. Write a short note on the culture and occupation of
Himachal Pradesh.
Ans: The people of Himachal Pradesh wear bright-coloured
clothes such as kurta, pyjama and scarf. Their staple diet includes
rice, maize, vegetables etc. Hindi, Punjabi, Pahari, Dogri and
Kangri are commonly spoken languages. The main occupation
includes agriculture of wheat, maize, barley, apples etc. Toy
38
making, wood carving and shawl weaving are the other important
occupations.
Q 9. Differentiate between the vegetation of the Middle
Himalayas and the Outer Himalayas.
Ans: The Middle Himalayas consist of forest-covered mountains
and fertile valleys. The Outer Himalayan Range is covered with
thick deciduous forests.
__________________________________________________________
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Topic : The Northern Plains
Chapter No : 05
Flow Chart : A comprehensive study of the lesson
The Northern Plains are also
known as
Indo – Gangetic Plains The Great Plains of India Food bowl of India
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Three basins of Northern
Plains
The Indus Basin The Ganga Basin
The Brahmaputra
Basin
It is formed by River Indus
and its tributaries The tributaries of river
Ganga run through this basin.
They are :
It covers the states of Assam and
Tripura
It is called Tsangpo in Tibet
Jhelum
Chenab
Ravi
Beas
Satluj Chambal Ganga
Gandak
Gomti
Ghagha
ra
Kosi
41
River Yamuna flows through
Delhi
STATES IN THE REGION OF THE
NORHERN PLAINS
Punjab Haryana Uttar Pradesh
Delhi Bihar West Bengal
Assam
It lies in the
Indus Basin
It lies in the Indus
Basin
It lies in the Ganga
Basin Bihar lies in the
eastern Ganga Basin
It is located on the plains of River
Ganga
It lies in the
Brahmaputra
Basin
42
Book Work
1) Picture Study
1. Identify the picture.
____________________
2. Where is it situated?
____________________
1. The Golden Temple
2. It is situated in Punjab.
2) Check Point (Page No. 373)
1) Gurugram is in Uttar Pradesh. _________ (False)
2) There are three river basins of the Northern Plains. _________
(True)
3) Bihar is the capital of Patna. _________ (True)
4) Rice and fish is the staple food of West Bengal. _________ (True)
3) Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of these is not a river basin?
a) Yamuna Basin
b) Indus Basin
c) Brahmaputra Basin
Ans: a) Yamuna Basin
2) The Brahmaputra Basin covers the states of Assam and ________.
a) Kerala
b) Tripura
c) Odisha
Ans: b) Tripura
3) The capital of Uttar Pradesh is ____________.
a) Himachal Pradesh
b) Lucknow
43
c) Chandigarh
Ans: b) Lucknow
4) The Kamakhya Temple is in ____________.
a) Assam
b) Bihar
c) West Bengal
Ans: a) Assam
5) ____________ is also known as mini India.
a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Delhi
c) Haryana
Ans: b) Delhi
4) Match the following
1) Match the following places to visit to their respective states.
1. Golden Temple a) Uttar Pradesh
2. Nalanda b) Haryana
3. Faridabad c) Punjab
4. Fort William d) Bihar
5. Chikankari e) West Bengal
Answers :
1.c) 2.d) 3.b) 4.e) 5.a)
5) True and False
1) Kanpur is the capital of Uttar Pradesh. (False)
2) The main occupation of the people of Assam is agriculture.
(True)
44
3) Rasogulla is a famous sweet of West Bengal. (True)
4) One-horned rhinos are found in the state of Meghalaya. (False)
5) Bodh Gaya, an important Buddhist centre, is located in Bihar.
(True)
6) Name these states.
1. I share my capital with another state. Gidda is one of my dances.
___________
2. I lie in the Ganga Basin. My capital is also famous for cloth work.
___________
3. I am an important state in the eastern part of India. I have one
of the oldest centres of learning. ___________
4. I am famous for a bridge. ___________
1. Punjab
2. Uttar Pradesh
3. Bihar
4. West Bengal
7) Answer these questions :
Q 1. Why are the Northern Plains fertile? Which crops are
grown here?
Ans: The three major rivers-Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra form
the Northern Plains and deposit minerals, rocks and silt from
mountains on their banks and surrounding areas. This produces
alluvial soil which is the most fertile soil in the world. Wheat,
cotton, sugarcane, rice, jute are grown here.
Q 2. Which states of India are situated in the Indus Basin?
Ans: The states of Punjab and Haryana are situated in the Indus
Basin.
45
Q 3. Why are the Northern Plains thickly populated?
Ans: The Northern Plains are thickly populated because of the
fertile land which allows variety of crops to be grown here.
Q 4. What are the main crops grown in Punjab and Haryana?
Ans: The main crops grown in Punjab and Haryana are wheat,
cotton, barley, maize, rice, oil seeds, millets and sugarcane.
Q 5. Name three famous tourist places in Uttar Pradesh.
Ans:
1) Taj Mahal
2) Fatehpur Sikri
3) Akbar's Tomb
Q 6. Write short notes on:
a) Indus Basin
b) Life of the people in Bihar
a) Indus Basin: It is formed by the River Indus and its
tributaries-Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj. A large part of
this basin lies in Pakistan. It covers the states of Punjab and
Haryana.
b) Life of the people in Bihar : Dhoti or pyjama and kurta are
worn by men, while women wear saree. Bihar is famous for tussar
silk. The main occupations are farming and cattle rearing. The
state also has a number of cotton spinning mills, jute mills and
sugar mills.
46
SUBJECT : MATH
Chapter : 4 Multiplication
Learning Objectives :
Multiply by a 1 –digit number
Multiply by a 2 –digit number
Multiply by a 3 –digit number
Learn properties of Multiplications
Multiplying using expanded form
Perform horizontal multiplication by 10s, 100s, and 1000s.
Solve real – life problems on multiplication
Estimate the products
47
Multiplication of Large Numbers
When we multiply two numbers the first number is called the
multiplicand. The second number by which the multiplicand is
multiplied is called the multiplier. The result of the
multiplication sum is called the product.
EXERCISE 4.1
Q 2 a) 347 X 25 c) 386 X 77
Sol: 3 4 7 Sol: 3 8 6
X 2 5 X 7 7
1 7 3 5 2 7 0 2
+ 6 9 4 0 + 2 7 0 2 0
8 6 7 5 2 9 7 2 2
Q 1 a) Th H T O c) Th H T O
Sol:
Sol:
2 7 3 4 6 8 9 0
X 4 X 6
1 0 9 3 6 4 1 3 4 0
e) Th H T O Th H T O
Sol:
Sol:
5 1 9 2 8 5 7 4
X 8 X 2
4 1 5 3 6 1 7 1 4 8
48
e) 194 X 48 g) 408 X 73
Sol: 1 9 4 Sol: 4 0 8
X 4 8 X 7 3
1 5 5 2 1 2 2 4
+ 7 7 6 0 + 2 8 5 6 0
9 3 1 2 2 9 7 8 4
Q 3. a) 5462 X 19 c) 8439 X 66
Sol : 5462 X 19
Sol:
8439 X 66
49158 + 54620
50634 + 506340
103778 556974
e) 2124 X 32 g) 6514 X 16
Sol: 2124 X 32
Sol:
6514 X 16
4248 +63720
39084 + 65140
67968 104224
Q 4. a) 716 X 245 c) 1952 X 303
Sol: 716 X 245
Sol:
1952 X 303
3580 28640 +143200
5856 00000 + 585600
175420 591456
49
e) 5284 X 746 g) 907 X 581
Sol: 5284
X 746
Sol: 907 X 581
31704
211360 + 3698800
907 72560 + 453500
3941864 526967
i) 6015 X 447 k) 378 X 912
Sol: 6015
X 447
Sol: 378 X 912
42105
240600 + 2406000
756
3780 + 340200
2688705 344736
Properties of Multiplication
1) Order Property: Two numbers can be multiplied in any order.
The product remains the same.
2) Grouping property: The product of three or more numbers
remains the same even if we change the grouping of numbers.
3) Multiplication by 1: The product of a number with 1 is the
number itself.
4) Multiplication by 0: The product of a number with 0 is 0.
50
Exercise : 4.2
1) 654 x 1 = 654
2) 3455 x 1 = 3455
3) 8546 x 0 = 0
4) 8689 x 0= 0
5) 679 x 35 = 35 x 679
6) 695 x 600 = 300 x 695
7) 458 x (165 x 34) = (458 x 34) x 165
8) 996 x (430 x 712) = (996 x 430) x 712
Multiplication by multiples of 10, 100 and 100
1) Multiplication by multiples of 10:
Multiply the number by the digit at tens place of the multiplier
and then place a zero the right of the product so obtained.
2) Multiplication by multiples of 100:
Multiply the number by the digit at hundreds place of the
multiplier and then place two zeros to the right of the product so
obtained.
3) Multiplication by multiples of 1000:
Multiply the number by the digit at thousands place of the
multiplier and then place three zeros to the right of the product so
obtained.
51
Exercise : 4.3
Q 1.
a) 217 x 4 = (200 + 10 + 7) x 4
= (200 x 4) + (10 x 4) + (7 x 4)
= 800 + 40 + 28
= 868
c) 712 x 5 = (700 + 10 + 2) x 5
= (700 x 5) + (10 x 5) + (2 x 5)
= 3500 + 50 +10
= 3560
e) 2058 x 6 = (2000 + 50 + 8) x 6
= (2000 x 6) + (50 x 6) + (8 x 6)
= 12000 + 300 + 48
= 12348
g) 4575 x 2 = (4000 + 500 + 70 + 5) x 2
= (4000 x 2) + (500 x 2) + (70 x 2) + (5 x 2)
= 8000 + 1000 + 140 + 10
= 9150
52
Q 2.
a) 7 x 400 = 2800 b) 6 x 2000 = 12000
c) 9 x 20 = 180 d) 14 x 300 = 4200
e) 23 x 2000 = 46000 f) 17 x 5000 = 85000
g) 25 x 60 = 1500 h) 13 x 4000 = 52000
i) 19 x 700 = 13300 j) 15 x 900 = 13500
k) 8 x 4000 = 32000 l) 12 x 5000 = 60000
EXERCISE : 4.4
Q 1. The weight of food material in one container = 1350 kg.
The weight of food material in 375 container = 1350 x 375 kg = 1 3 5 0 X 3 7 5
6 7 5 0 9 4 5 0 0 + 4 0 5 0 0 0
5 0 6 2 5 0
the containers contain 5,06,250 kg.
Q 3. The cost of one book = Rs. 186
The cost of 2330 books = 186 x 2330
= 2 3 3 0 X 1 8 6
1 3 9 8 0 1 8 6 4 0 0 + 2 3 3 0 0 0
4 3 3 3 8 0
The cost is Rs. 4,33,380.
53
Q 5. The cost of one ticket = 280
The cost of 1250 tickets = 1250 x 280
= 1 2 5 0 X 2 8 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 + 2 5 0 0 0 0
3 5 0 0 0 0
Total cost of the tickets = Rs. 3,50,000
Q 7. Distance covered in one day = 1750 m
Distance covered in 180 days = 1750 x 180
= 1 7 5 0 X 1 8 0
0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 + 1 7 5 0 0 0
3 1 5 0 0 0
Total distance covered by Asha = 3,15,000 m.
Q 9. Number of people travel in one day = 9780
Number of people travel in 365 days = 9780 x 365
= 9 7 8 0
X 3 6 5
4 8 9 0 0 5 8 6 8 0 0 + 2 9 3 4 0 0 0
3 5 6 9 7 0 0
Therefore, 35,69,700 people travel in 1 year.
54
Estimating the product
Estimating the product can be done by rounding off the given
numbers and then calculating the product. Rounding off can be done
to the nearest tens, hundreds or thousands, as required.
EXERCISE : 4.5
Q 1.
a) 167 x 54 200 x 50 = 10000
c) 453 x 765 500 x 800 = 400000
e) 877 x 985 900 x 1000 = 900000
g) 456 x 874 500 x 900 = 450000
i) 346 x 450 300 x 500 = 150000
Q 2. Estimated number of apples 137 x 78 100 x 80 = 8000
Q 3. Estimated number of CDs 784 x 198 800 x 200 = 160000
55
Chapter No : 5 DIVISION
Learning Objectives
Divide by 1 – digit numbers.
Divide by 2 – digit numbers.
Divide by 10, 100, 1000
Learn properties of division.
Solve real life problems on Division.
Estimate the quotient.
Division of Large Numbers
Division is repeated subtraction. When we divide two numbers, the
number to be divided is called the dividend. The number by which
we divide is called the divisor and the result of the division is called
the quotient. The number left over after the division is called the
remainder.
EXERCISE 5.1
Q 1 a) 775 5 c) 6781 5
Sol: 155 Sol: 1356
5 775 -5
5 6781 -5
27 -25
17 -15
25 -25
28 -25
0 31 -30
1
Thus, Q = 155, R = 0 Thus, Q = 1356, R = 1
56
Q 2 a) 1586 3 c) 1099 9
Sol: 528 Sol: 122
3 1586 9 1099 - 15 - 9
8 19 - 6 - 18
26 19
- 24 - 18
2 1 Thus, Q = 528, R = 2 Verification : Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 3 x 528 + 2 = 1584 + 2 = 1586 = Dividend Hence, the division is correct.
Thus, Q = 122, R = 1 Verification : Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 9 x 122 + 1 = 1098 + 1 = 1099 =Dividend Hence, the division is correct.
EXERCISE = 5.2
Q 1. a) 672 12 c) 375 16
Sol: 56 Sol: 23
11 672 16 375 - 60 - 32
72 55 - 72 - 48
0 7 Thus, Q = 56, R = 0 Thus, Q = 23, R = 7
57
e) 365 26 g) 547 32
Sol: 14 Sol: 17
26 365 32 547 - 26 - 32
105 227 - 104 - 224
1 3 Thus, Q = 14, R = 1 Thus, Q = 17, R = 3
i) 329 45 k) 799 25
Sol: 7 Sol: 31
45 329 25 799 - 315 - 75
14 49
- 25
24 Thus, Q = 7, R = 14 Thus, Q = 31, R = 24
58
Q 2 a) 4000 20 c) 5462 11
Sol: 200 Sol: 496
20 4000 11 5462 - 40 - 44
0 106 - 99
72
- 66
6 Thus, Q = 200, R = 0 Thus, Q = 496, R = 6
e) 2064 22 g) 7217 17
Sol: 93 Sol: 424
22 2064 17 7217 - 198 - 68
84 41 - 66 - 34
18 77 - 68
9 Thus, Q = 93, R = 18 Thus, Q = 424, R = 9
59
Q 3 a) 596 14 c) 909 29
Sol: 42 Sol: 31
14 596 29 909 - 56 - 87
36 39 - 28 - 29
8 10
Hence, Q = 42, R = 8 Verification : Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 14 x 42 + 8 = 588 + 8 = 596 = Dividend Hence, the answer is correct
Hence, Q = 31, R = 10 Verification : Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 29 x 31 + 10 = 899 + 10 = 909 = Dividend Hence, the answer is correct
e) 7505 23 g) 5899 82
Sol: 326 Sol: 71
23 7505 82 5899 - 69 - 574
60 159 - 46 - 82
145 - 138
77
7 Hence, Q = 326, R = 7 Verification :
Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 23 x 326 + 7 = 7498 + 7 = 7505 = Dividend Hence, the answer is correct
Hence, Q = 71, R = 77 Verification :
Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 82 x 71 + 77 = 5822 + 77 = 5899 = Dividend Hence, the answer is correct
60
i) 8943 12 k) 13672 12
Sol: 745 Sol: 1139
12 8943 12 13672 - 84 - 12
54 16 - 48 - 12
63
- 60
47
- 36
3 112 - 108
4 Hence, Q = 745, R = 3 Verification : Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 12 x 745 + 3 = 8940 + 3 = 8943 = Dividend Hence, the answer is correct
Hence, Q = 1139, R = 4 Verification : Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 12 x 1139 + 4 = 13668 + 4 = 13672 = Dividend Hence, the answer is correct
61
Division by 10, 100 and 1000
Division by 10 :
When a number is divided by 10, the digit at the ones place
becomes the remainder and the other digits forms the quotient.
Division by 100:
When a number is divided by 100, the digits at the tens and ones
place form the remainder and the other digits forms the quotient.
Division by 1000:
When a number is divided by 1000, the digits at the hundreds, tens
and ones places form the remainder and the other digits form the
quotient.
EXERCISE : 5.3
Q 1 a) 753 10 c) 5017 10
Sol: Q = 75, R = 3 Sol: Q = 501, R = 7
e) 632 100 g) 5601 1000
Sol: Q = 6, R = 32 Sol: Q = 5, R = 601
Q 2 a) 587 10 c) 8956 1
Sol: Q = 58, R = 7 Sol: Q = 8956
e) 9502 1000 g) 64030 1000
Sol: Q = 9, R = 502 So: Q = 64, R = 30
62
Q 3. a) Q = 48 b) Q = 38 c) Q = 4875
d) Q = 878 e) Q = 1286
Properties of Division
1. Division by 1: Division of a number by 1 gives a quotient same as
the dividend.
2. Division by itself: Division of a number by itself always gives the
quotient 1.
3. Division by 0: Division of 0 by a number always gives the quotient 0.
4. Division by 0: Division by 0 is not possible.
EXERCISE : 5.4
Q 1. Total bill for the train tickets = Rs. 9845.
Bill of 1 professor = 9845 5
1969
5 9845 - 5
48 - 45
34 - 30
45 - 45
0
So, 1 professor has to pay Rs. 1,969
63
Q 3. Total expense of 4 students = Rs. 9460
Expense of 1 student = 9460 4
2365
4 9460 - 8
14 - 12
26 - 24
20 - 20
0
expense of 1 student is Rs. 2,365.
Q 5. 65 pairs of socks can be packed into one box.
1178 pairs of socks can be packed into = 1178 65
18
65 1178 - 65
528 - 520
8
1178 pairs of socks can be packed into 18 boxes.
8 pairs of socks were left out.
Estimating the Quotient :
Estimating the quotient can be done by rounding off the given
numbers to their highest places and then dividing the numbers.
64
EXERCISE : 5.5
Q 1. a) 346 8 350 10
= 35
c) 161 19 160 20
= 8
e) 8403 41 8400 40
= 210
Q 2 a) 346 87 300 100
= 3
c) 870 94 900 100
= 9
e) 8403 410 8400 400
= 21
65
SUBJECT : EVS
UNIT: 02
CHAPTER
NO: 04 ANIMALS: HOW LIFE GOES ON
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To explain the process of reproduction and its need in
animals.
To recognize and recall various ways in which animals
reproduce.
To describe various stages of an animal’s life cycle.
66
REPRODUCTION
All living beings live only for a certain period of time which is called
their life span. They die after their lifespan is completed.
To ensure that the life goes on, living things must produce more of
their own kind before they die.
The process by which living organisms produce more of their own
kind is called reproduction.
WAYS OF REPRODUCTION
By laying eggs By giving birth to babies
For example, birds, reptiles, insects For example, humans, cows, dogs etc
EGG
An egg is a small oval object with a thin hard shell produced by a female bird
and containing an embryo from with a baby bird develops.
PARTS OF AN EGG
67
It is a hard outer covering of an egg and is usually white in color.
It’s function is to protect the egg.
It is a yellow portion present at the centre of the egg.
It contains a bright white spot that develops into an embryo.
The developing embryo obtains food from the yolk.
It is a young animal in the very early stages of development.
The embryo obtains its food from the yolk and albumen.
It is a white watery substance that surrounds the yolk.
It provides water to the embryo.
It also protects the embryo from shocks and jerks.
SHELL YOLK EMBRYO ALBUMIN
DEVELOPMENT OF A BIRD FROM AN EGG
The male or a female bird sits on the eggs for a few weeks in order to keep them
warm, this is called incubation.
Within the egg, the embryo goes through the various developmental stages.
When the baby bird is fully developed, it breaks open the egg shell and comes out.
This is called hatching.
The parent bird feeds and protects the chicks until they can look after themselves.
The chick grows into an adult.
LIFE CYCLE
The development of an animal from embryo to adult is called its life cycle.
The different forms of an animal like egg, chick, adult in case of birds, are called the
stages of the life cycle.
68
LIFE CYCLE OF A HEN
EGG
DEVELOPI--NG
EMBRYO
CHICK
HEN
When the chick is fully
developed, it breaks
open the shell and
comes out. This is
called hatching.
The mother hen
sits on the eggs to
keep them warm,
this is called
incubation.
69
LIFE CYCLE OF A FROG
EGG
TADPOLE
FROGLET
FROG
A tadpole does not
resemble a frog, it
looks more like a
small fish.
The complete
change in the form
of an organism
from an egg stage
to an adult stage is
called
LIFE CYCLE OF A FISH
EGGS
LARVA
FRY JUVENILE
ADULT FISH
It is a stage
when the fish
has just come
out of the
egg.
70
LIFE CYCLE OF A HOUSEFLY
EGGS
MAGGOT
PUPA
HOUSEFLY
The larva of a
housefly is
called maggot.
After some days,
the larva becomes
barrel shaped and is
called pupa. Pupa is
covered by a
LIFE CYCLE OF A BUTTERFLY
EGGS
CATERPILLAR
PUPA
BUTTERFLY
The larva of a
housefly is
called
caterpillar.
Pupa of a
butterfly is
covered by a
cocoon.
71
These are the animals that reproduce by giving birth to young ones.
Mammals produce milk to feed their babies.
Examples, humans, dogs, dolphins, whales, horses etc.
TAKING CARE OF YOUNG ONES
All animals take care of their new born babies.
Birds build nests to lay eggs and raise their young ones. They feed their young
ones and take care of them till they develop fully.
Mammals build houses to protect their babies from enemies.
The babies drink their mother’s milk until they are old enough to eat their food.
Kangaroos have a pouch to carry their young ones. Animals that carry their
young ones in their pouch are called marsupials
MAMMALS
72
BOOKWORK
A. Choose and write the correct options : 1) All living beings live only for a certain period of time. This period of time is called their _____________. a) Life cycle b) Lifespan c) Duration d) Cycle Ans: b) Lifespan 2) Frogs and insects _____________. a) Give birth to young ones b) Do not produce babies c) Lay eggs d) Both a and c Ans: c) Lay eggs
3) The egg white is known as ________________. a) Egg shell b) Fluid c) Albumen d) Yolk Ans: c) albumen
4) The young one of a cockroach is called _____________.
a) maggot b) nymph c) spawn d) larva Ans: b) nymph 5) The complete change in the form of an organism from young stage to the adult stage is called ________________. a) Life cycle b) Lifespan c) Metamorphosis d) Moulting Ans: c)Metamorphosis
73
B. Label the parts of an egg. Mention the function of the labelled
parts too.
C) Fill in the blanks with the help of the given options.
1. When a baby bird comes out of an egg, it is called a _______________. 2. The clusters of eggs laid by female frogs are called _______________. 3. The period of time for which an animal or a plant live is known as _______________. 4. The larva of a housefly is known as _______________. 5. A young cockroach sheds its skin several times and changes into an adult. This process of shedding the old skin is called _______________. Answers: 1. Chick 2. Spawns 3. Lifespan 4. Maggot 5. Moulting
74
NOTEBOOK WORK
IMPORTANT TERMS: 01) Lifespan: It is a period of time during which a human being, plant or an animal is expected to live. 02) Incubation: It is a process in which a mother bird sits on her eggs to keep them warm until they are ready to hatch. 03) Hatching: It is the production of young ones from an egg. 04) Life cycle: The stages which a living thing goes through during its development from an embryo to an adult is called a life cycle. 05) Metamorphosis: It is a process by which some animals go through a series of physical changes to become adults. 06) Cocoon: It is a covering made by larvae to protect themselves as they develop into adults. 07) Moulting: It is the process of shedding the old skin in some insects. 08) Caterpillar: It is a worm like larvae of a butterfly. 09) Marsupials: It is a group of mammals that carry their young ones
in a pouch. Answer the following questions. Short Answer Questions : 1) Define the following. a) Metamorphosis b) Yolk c) Caterpillar d) Spawn e) Tadpole Ans: a) Metamorphosis: It is the process by which some animals go through a series of physical changes to become adults. b) Yolk: The yellow portion in the centre of the egg is called the yolk. c) Caterpillar: The larva of a butterfly is called a caterpillar. d) Spawn: The cluster of eggs laid by female frogs are called spawns. e) Tadpole: A tiny young frog which hatches out of an egg is called a tadpole.
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2) Why do animals reproduce? Ans: Animals reproduce to produce more of their own kind before they die to ensure that the life goes on. 3) What is incubation? Ans: The process of keeping the eggs warm by male or female birds by sitting on them for few weeks is known as incubation.
4) Give three examples of animals that show metamorphosis. Ans: The three examples of the animals that show metamorphosis are: Butterfly, Housefly and Frog 5) What is moulting? Name the animals that undergo moulting. Ans: The process of shedding the old skin by some animals is called moulting. The animals that undergo moulting are cockroach and snake. 6) Differentiate between mammals and marsupials. Ans: Marsupials are the animals that carry their young ones in their pouch. Whereas, mammals are the animals that keep their young ones in their habitats.
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Long Answer questions.
01) Define reproduction. What are the ways in which animals reproduce?
Ans: The process by which living organisms give birth to the young ones of their own kind is called reproduction. Animals reproduce in these two ways: • By giving birth to young ones (babies). Examples: humans, cows, dogs, cats, mouse, elephants, lions, whales. • By laying eggs. (Their young ones hatch out of the eggs). Examples: birds, reptiles and insects
2) Differentiate between life cycle and lifespan.
3)Explain the different parts of a hen's egg.
Ans: The major parts of a hen's egg are: • The shell - It is the hard outer covering that protects the egg. • Yolk – It is the yellow portion present in the centre of an egg that provides food to the developing embryo. • Embryo – It is a bright white spot present in the yolk and marks the initial stage of development of a chick before coming out of the egg. • Albumen or Egg white – It is a white, watery substance that surrounds the yolk. It provides water to the embryo and protects the embryo from shocks and jerks.
77
4) Discuss the life cycle of a frog. Ans: A female frog lays hundreds of eggs at a time in a lake or a pond. These egg clusters are called spawns. The eggs are surrounded by a jelly-like substance that protects the eggs. A tiny young one, called a tadpole, hatches out of an egg. After about 6 weeks, the tadpole begins to grow organs and limbs. Slowly the tail begins to disappear. In about 12 weeks, it transforms into a fully developed frog.
5) What are the stages in the life cycle of a housefly? Explain. Ans: Houseflies go through four stages in their life cycle. The housefly lays hundreds of eggs at a time. Each egg hatches to produce a young one called a larva. The larva of a housefly is called maggot. The larva looks like a worm. It does not have legs or wings. After some days, the larva becomes barrel-shaped. It is now called a pupa. The pupa is covered by a cocoon. The cocoon breaks open in a week and a young housefly comes out.
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6) Draw, label and colour the life cycle of a cockroach. Ans: The diagram depicting the life cycle of cockroach is shown below:
7) A frog has lungs for breathing. It can survive on land, but a tadpole cannot. Why? Ans: A frog can survive on land and breathe with help of lungs. Whereas, a tadpole is more like a small fish. It doesn't have lungs but has gills for breathing. It therefore cannot survive on land.
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UNIT: 02
CHAPTER
NO: 04 ANIMALS: HOW LIFE GOES ON
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To identify different types of animals.
To describe different habitats of animals.
To categorize animals according to their diet.
To demonstrate the importance of animals to adapt to
their environment.
80
ADAPTATION
The process in which the animals develop some features to suit the
immediate environment is called adaptation.
For example, Giraffes have long neck which helps them to reach the
leaves of tall plants easily.
Those animals that cannot adapt to the changes in their environment
slowly die out. Examples of such animals are dinosaurs and mammoth.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR HABITAT
TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS
AQUATIC ANIMALS
ARBOREAL ANIMALS
AERIAL ANIMALS
AMPHIBIANS
TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS
Animals that live on land are called terrestrial animals.
They have four legs that help them to walk on land.
They have a pair of lungs that help them to breathe.
They have well developed sense organs that help them in hunting and protecting
themselves from enemies.
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Camels are the examples of land animals found in deserts.
They conserve water in their bodies and can survive without food and water for so many days.
The body of camel is covered with thick skin and fur that helps them to adapt in deserts where days are very hot and nights are very cold.
A kangaroo rat can survive without drinking any water and getting required moisture from their seed diet.
Snow leopards, yaks and musk deer are some of the animals living in deserts.
They have long, thick, coarse and wavy coats of fur that protect them from low temperatures of the hilly areas.
They have larger hearts and lungs which allow them to live and breathe 18000 feet above the sea level where air has less oxygen.
Polar bears, seal, walrus, and penguins are adapted to live in the freezing conditions of the polar regions.
They have a thick layer of fat called blubber under their skin to keep their body warm. It also serves as a source of energy for them during winters.
They have thick fur on their body which keeps their body warm and protects them from very harsh cold climates.
ADAPTATIONS OF ANIMALS IN TERRESTRIAL HABITATS
DESERTS MOUNTAINS
POLAR REGIONS
ADAPTATIONS IN AQUATIC ANIMALS
Animals that live in water are called aquatic animals.
They have gills that help them to breathe in water. Whales and dolphins have lungs that help them to breathe.
They have fins as locomotory organs that help them to swim in water.
Streamlined body shape helps them to minimize water resistance and helps them to easily live in water.
Crabs and lobsters have strong walking legs that help them to move swiftly in water.
Shrimps have thin walking legs that are more adapted to swimming than walking.
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ADAPTATIONS IN ARBOREAL ANIMALS
Animals that spend most of their time on trees are called arboreal animals.
They have strong arms and legs to ascend and descend the trees without falling.
They have strong claws that help them to hold on to the branches.
They have a long tail and use it as a fifth limb to hold on to the branches while swinging from one tree to another.
Examples of such animals are monkeys, orangutan, langoors etc.
ADAPTATIONS IN AERIAL ANIMALS
Animals such as birds and bats that can fly are called aerial animals.
They have wings to fly.
They have a streamlined body to help them to cut through air.
Hollow bones make their bodies light and help them to fly.
Their tail helps them to change the direction while flying.
Feathers on their body help them to keep warm.
The wings of bat are made of thin skin and are devoid of feathers.
A bat has very long fingers to hold on to the branches of trees.
ADAPTATIONS IN AMPHIBIANS
Animals such as frogs, salamanders, and toads can live both on land and in water and
are called amphibians.
When on land, they breathe with the help of their lungs.
In water, their moist skin absorbs oxygen from the water and helps them to breathe.
They have the webbed feet which help them to swim in water.
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CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS ON THE BASIS OF FOOD THEY EAT
CARNIVORES
• These animals feed only on the flesh of other animals.
• Lions, tigers, sharks and spiders are the examples of carnivores.
• Such animals have sharp, pointed and curved front teeth or beaks to tear and chew the flesh of smaller or bigger animals.
• They have sharp claws to catch animals and to tear their flesh.
HERBIVORES
• These animals eat only plants and their products
• Sheep, zebra, giraffe and cow are the examples of herbivores.
• Such animals have broad, flat, and sharp front teeth to cut their food. • They have long and strong legs to travel long distances in search of food.
OMNIVORES
• These animals feed on both plants and animals.
• Humans, bears, mice, crows etc are the examples of omnivores.
PARASITES
• The living organisms that live in or on other living organisms for food are called parasites.
• The living organisms from which they derive food are called hosts.
• They cause harm to the host. They have suckers and sucking tubes to suck blood from the hosts.
SCAVENGERS
• Animals that feed mostly on dead animals and plants are called scavengers.
• These animals have powerful jaws and sharp teeth to tear and eat flesh of dead animals.
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The movement of animals from one place to another for feeding or breeding is called migration.
For example, the Siberian cranes come to India every year from Siberia to escape the severe cold.
It is the phenomenon in which animals sleep in caves and underground holes during winters in order to escape from harsh climatic conditions.
They eat a lot during summer and store the extra food in their body as fat to use it in winter months.
For example, Arctic ground squirrel, some snakes and frogs.
It is a phenomenon in which animals go to sleep for a long time in summer months to escape the extreme heat and drought conditions.
For example, crocodiles and lungfish.
MIGRATION HIBERNATION AESTIVATION
ADAPTATIONS IN BEHAVIOUR
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BOOKWORK
A. Choose the correct answers. 1) Which of the following is an aquatic animal? a) Salamander b) Toad c) Sea turtle d) Camel
Ans: c) Sea turtle 2) A _________ can live both on land and in water. a) Fish b) Frog c) Shrimp d) Lobster Ans: b) frog 3) Which of the following is a parasite? a) Eagle b) Vulture c) Tapeworm d) Shrimp Ans: c) Tapeworm 4) The movement of animals from one place to another for feeding or breeding is called _________. a) Aestivation b) Camouflage c) Migration d) Hibernation Ans: c) migration
5) Polar animals have a thick layer of fat called _________ under their skin to keep their body warm. a) Spines
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b) Scales c) Skin d) Blubber Ans: d) Blubber
B) Fill in the blanks using the words given in the box. Siberian crane | scavengers | fur | locomotion | human being 1. Yaks have developed thick, coarse and wavy coats of _____________that protect them from the cold. 2. Tapeworm lives in the body of a host _____________. 3. Jackals are called _____________. 4. The _____________ is a migratory bird. 5. Fish use fins for _____________ in water. Answers: 1.Fur 2.Human being 3. Scavengers 4.Siberian crane 5.
Locomotion.
C) List the ways by which these animals protect themselves from
danger. 1. Deer and kangaroos __________________________ 2. Rhinoceroses and buffaloes __________________________ 3. Tortoises and snails __________________________ 4. Zebras and tigers __________________________ 5. Porcupines __________________________ 6. Puffer fish __________________________ Answers: 1. Deer and kangaroos - They run very fast to escape from their enemies. 2. Rhinoceroses and buffaloes - They have horns for their defence. 3. Tortoises and snails - have a hard shell on their bodies. When sensed with any danger, they go into the shell. 4. Zebras, tigers and leopards - They have stripes or spots on their bodies which help them to look similar or merge with their immediate surroundings.
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5. Porcupines - They have sharp spines on their body that keeps the predators away. 6. Puffer fish - It inflates its body with air exposing the long, sharp, toxic spikes.
D) Circle the odd one out. 1. Tiger, vulture, wolf, hyena 2. Bedbugs, leeches, tapeworms, lobsters 3. Cow, goat, sheep, crow Answers: 1.Tiger 2.Lobsters 3.Crow
NOTEBOOK WORK
Important terms: 1. Savannah: It is a grassland that is covered with grass but has
few trees. 2. Polar Regions: These include north and south poles of the
earth that are mostly dominated by thick ice caps. 3. Cruising: Sailing smoothly in a sea at a moderate speed. 4. Predators: Animals that hunt and eat other animals for food.
E. Answer the following questions Short answer questions : 1) What are terrestrial animals? Give two examples. Ans: Animals that live on land are called Terrestrial Animals. For Example: Cows, Horse 2) Name two animals that live in desert. How are they adapted to their surroundings? Ans: Animals that live in a desert are: Camel and Kangaroo rat They are adapted to their surroundings by:
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• The body of a camel is covered with a thick skin and scanty fur that helps it to adapt in deserts where days are very hot and nights are very cold. • Kangaroo rat can survive in desert without drinking any water and getting the required moisture from the seed diet. 3) Name two aquatic animals that breathe with the help of their lungs. Ans: Whales and Dolphins.
4) Differentiate between parasites and scavengers. Ans: S. No
Parasites Scavengers
1. Living organisms that live in or on other living organisms for food are called parasites.
Animals that feed mostly on dead animals and plants are called scavengers.
2. They have adaptive features such as suckers or sucking tubes to suck blood from their host.
They have adaptive features such as powerful jaws and sharp teeth to tear and eat flesh of dead animals.
3. Example: ticks, fleas and leeches.
Example: Hyenas, wolves, jackals.
5) Differentiate between hibernation and aestivation.
Ans: S.
No Hibernation Aestivation
1. Some animals cannot survive in the cold winter months. So, when winter arrives, they sleep in caves or underground holes.
Some animals cannot survive in drought and heat conditions. So, they go to sleep for a long time in the
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This is known as Hibernation. summer months. This is known as aestivation.
6) How do tortoises and snails protect themselves from danger?
Ans: Tortoises and snails have a hard shell on their bodies. When sensed with any danger, they go into the shell.
Long Answer questions. 1) Define the term 'adaptation'. Show some examples to support the definition. Ans: The process by which living beings develop some features to suit their immediate environment is called Adaptation. Examples: Polar bear has thick fur and padded feet to help it to survive the extreme climatic conditions of polar regions. Giraffe has a long neck to reach the leaves of tall trees easily. 2) Describe the three main adaptive features of terrestrial animals.
Give three examples each of domestic and wild animals.
Ans: Terrestrial animals have the following features that make them
suitable to live on land:
• They have four legs that help them to walk on land. • They have a pair of lungs that help them to breathe. • They have well-developed sense organs, such as the sense of hearing or smell. They use these senses for hunting and protecting themselves from enemies. Examples: Domestic animals: Horses, cows and sheep. Wild Animals: Tigers, lions and zebras.
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3) What are the adaptations present in the animals living in mountainous regions? Ans: The animals living in mountainous regions have developed following adaptations: • Long, thick, coarse and wavy coats of fur that protect them from low temperature of hilly regions. • Larger hearts and lungs, which allow them to live and breathe, 18,000 feet above the sea level where the air has less oxygen.
4) Write the adaptations present in arboreal animals. Where are they mostly found? Ans: The adaptations present in arboreal animals are as follows: • These animals live in the tropical forests. Therefore , they have strong arms and legs to ascend and descend the trees without falling. • They also have strong claws that help them to hold on to branches. • Some monkeys such as the spider monkey have a very long tail. They use it as a fifth limb to hold on to branches while swinging from
one tree to another.
5) How do aquatic animals adapt themselves to live in water? Ans: Aquatic animals have following adaptations present in them:
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• They have respiratory organs such as gills that help them to breathe under water. • Some aquatic animals such as whales and dolphins have lungs for breathing underwater. • Locomotory organs as fins to swim easily in water. • Stream-lined body shape which helps to minimise water resistance and makes it easy for them to live in water.
6) Discuss the features of a bat. How are these features different
from the features of a bird?
Ans: Bats have wings made of thin layers of skin. These are stretched
across the arms and fingers, like cloth in an umbrella. They also have
very long fingers. However, they are different from the birds as they
do not have any feathers on their wings.
7) Define the term 'camouflage'. How do leopards and tigers
camouflage themselves?
Ans: The process by which animals protect themselves by looking similar or merging with their immediate surroundings is called Camouflage. Zebras, tigers and leopards have stripes or spots on their bodies which help them to merge with their immediate surroundings.
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Class: 4th
Paper: English
M. Marks: 30
Time: 2 Model Test Paper
SECTION – A
1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
(6 Marks)
SECTION – B
2. Answer any five questions out of seven. (2 x 5 = 10 Marks)
Prepare ‘questions’ of the chapters : ‘How I taught my grandmother to
read’ , ‘Wonderful Kalam’.
3. Write the meaning of the below given words.
Prepare ‘New words’ of the chapters : ‘The Little Big Man’, ‘These simple
things’. (5 x 1 = 5 Marks)
4. Fill in the blanks to complete the summary of the poem “These simple
Things”? (5 Marks)
5. Identify the adjectives in the given sentences. (2 Marks)
6. Choose the correct pronouns from the brackets to complete these
sentences. (2 Marks)
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Class: 4th
Paper: Mathematics
M. Marks: 40
Time: 2 Model Test Paper
SECTION – A A. Long Answer Type Questions : From (U1 and U2) (Attempt any three)
Word Problems Attempt any three questions from the following : (3 x 5 = 15 Marks)
a) b) c) d) e)
SECTION – B B. Short Answer Type Questions : From (U1 and U2) 1. Questions based on a) Addition b) Subtraction c) Multiplication d) Division (4 x 2 = 8 Marks) 2. Question based on ascending and descending order a) b) (2 x 2 = 4 Marks) 3. Questions based on successor and predecessor a) b) (2 x 2 = 4 Marks) 4. Questions based on face value and place value a) b) (2 x 2 = 4 Marks) C. Very Short Answer Type Questions (From U1 and U2) 1. Questions based on division of 10, 100 and 100 a) b) (2 x 2 =4 Marks)
Questions based on verification of division a) (1 Marks)
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Class: 4th
Paper: S.St
M. Marks: 40
Time: 2 Model Test Paper
SECTION – A
A. Long Answer Type Questions : (Attempt any three)
(3 x 6 = 18 Marks)
Section A comprises of 6 questions from Unit – 1st and Unit 2nd with internal
choice. Each question carries 6 marks.
SECTION – B
B. Short Answer Type Questions : (Attempt any four)
(4 x 4 = 16 Marks)
Section B comprises of 5 questions from Unit 1st and Unit 2nd with internal
choice. Each question carries 4 marks.
SECTION – C
C. Very Short Answer Type Questions : (2 x 3 = 6 Marks)
Students need to attempt all three questions form Unit 1st and Unit 2nd.
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Class: 4th
Paper: Science
M. Marks: 40
Time: 2 UNIT : 1 & II (2020)
SECTION – A
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (6 x 3 = 18 Marks)
Q 1. Explain how a pitcher plant obtains its food. OR
What are the two adaptations needed by cactus plants to survive in deserts. Q 2. What are rainforests? In India, where can we find these forests? OR Write a short note on functions of a leaf. Q 3. Explain the different parts of a hen’s egg. OR Define the term ‘camouflage’. How do leopards and tigers camouflage themselves?
SECTION – B SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (Attempt any four) (4 x 4 = 16 Marks)
Q 4. What are the functions of stomata? Q 5. What are fungi? Give two examples. Q 6. What is transpiration? Q 7. Define the term habitat. Name the different land habitats. Q 8. Why do animals reproduce? VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : (4 x 1.5 = 6 Marks)
Q 9. What are terrestrial plants? Q 10. What is chlorophyll? Q 11. Provide the names of the different parts of a leaf? Q 12. What is incubation?
(3x3=9)
(7 marks) (2x4=8)
(5x1=5)
(5x1=5)
(6 marks)