animal sciences
DESCRIPTION
ANIMAL SCIENCES SCIENCE DEVELOPMENTS IN TRANSGENIC ANIMAL ENGINEERING AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON BIOTECHNOLGY AND 21 ST CENTURY AGRICULTURE. Biotechnologies, Animal Production, and Animal Health 1945 to 1995. Milk Production Up 3-Fold - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ANIMAL SCIENCESSCIENCE DEVELOPMENTS IN
TRANSGENIC ANIMAL ENGINEERING AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON BIOTECHNOLGY AND ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON BIOTECHNOLGY AND 2121STST CENTURY AGRICULTURE CENTURY AGRICULTURE
Biotechnologies, Animal Biotechnologies, Animal Production, and Animal HealthProduction, and Animal Health
1945 to 19951945 to 1995• Milk Production Up 3-Fold• Eggs/Year Up 134 to 254 • Broilers Days to 1.8 kg: Reduced from 84
to 43 Days and one-half the feed• Leaner and Faster Growing Pigs• Leaner and More Efficient Beef Cattle• Overall Improvement in Animal Health
Research Driven Biotechnologies in Research Driven Biotechnologies in Animal Agriculture and Biomedical Animal Agriculture and Biomedical
ResearchResearch
IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF:
Reproductive BiologyEndocrinology
EmbryologyGenetics/Genomics
NutritionAnimal Health/Disease Resistance
BIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGIESESTABLISHED: BREEDING AND GENETICS• Statistical Models Predict Breeding Values• Sire Testing and Selection• Crossbreeding
EMERGING• Marker Assisted Selection• Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)/Single Nucleotide
Polymorphisms (SNPs)• Direct Gene Transfer • Homologous Recombination• Genetic Engineering Through Sperm
BIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGIESREPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT
ESTABLISHEDArtificial InseminationSynchronization of Estrus and OvulationSex Reversal (Fish)Artificial Incubation of EggsNutritionDisease Control
EMERGINGSEX CONTROLPREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSISTRAIT SELECTION
BIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGIESGAMETE AND EMBRYO MANIPULATIONS
ESTABLISHEDSuperovulation, Embryo Collection and Transfer,
IVM and IVF, Embryo Splitting and Cloning from Blastomeres
EMERGING Cloning
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)SCNT for Genetic Engineering
Epigenetics
Embryo SplittingEmbryo Splitting
IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGIESIMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGIES
Assisted Reproductive Technologies/Cloning
Embryo Transfer: 40,000-50,000 Calves/Year
IVM/IVF: 4,000 Calves in 1996
Blastomere Nuclear Transfer Cloning (61 males and 126 females)
Embryo Splitting (754 males and 1,472 females)
Reference: NAAB 1996 and Holstein Associate 2001
BIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGIESIMPACTING LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY
Steroid Growth Stimulants
Bovine Somatotropin - Increase Milk Yield
EMERGINGSPERM-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER ECTOPIC DNA CONSTRUCTS
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
GENOME SIGNAL PROCESSING –Systems Biology
EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIESEMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIES
SPERM MEDIATED GENE TRANSFERVIRAL EXPRESSION VECTORS – SPERM UPTAKEDNA POSITIVE PIGS – 0 TO 88%DNA POSITIVE – mRNA POSITIVE – 41-100%EFFICIENT AND INEXPENSIVESTABLE INTEGRATION OF TRANSGENERANDOM INSERTION OF TRANSGENEADVERSE POSITION EFFECTS ON GENE
EXPRESSIONLETHAL EFFECTS OF EXPRESSION VECTOR
VL30 (50 ng) vs PCMVhGH (1000 ng)/1 million sperm
LAVITRANO ET AL. MOL REPROD DEV 64:284
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIESEMERGING TECHNOLOGIESEXPRESSION OF ECTOPIC DNA IN RATS
GHRH cDNA DRIVEN BY SYNTHETIC MUSCLE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER:
INCREASE GROWTH HORMONEINCREASE IGF-I
INCREASE FETAL-PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENTINCREASE BIRTHWEIGHTS
ALTERED PITUITARY SOMATOTROPHS AND LACTOTROPHS IN PUPS
KHAN ET AL. 2002; DRAGHIA-AKLI 2002
SPc5-12 hGH3’ kana
pSP-βgal
pSP-HV-GHRH
SPc5-12 HV-GHRH cDNA hGH3’ kana
β-gal
A.
Figure 1. RDA
B.
40
45
50
55
60
65
cf tf cm tm
wei
ght (
gram
s)
3 weeks
*
*
150
200
250
300
350
400
cf tf cm tm
wei
ght (
gram
s)
10 weeks
*
*
C.
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t *1
00
G/wt
TA/wt *
†
†
‡
3 weeks
0.02
0.12
0.22
0.32
0.42
0.52
0.62
cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t*10
0
G/wt
S/wt§
§
24 weeks
SPc5-12 hGH3’ kanakana
pSP-βgal
pSP-HV-GHRH
SPc5-12 HV-GHRH cDNA hGH3’ kanakana
β-gal
A.
Figure 1. RDA
B.
40
45
50
55
60
65
cf tf cm tm
wei
ght (
gram
s)
3 weeks
*
*
40
45
50
55
60
65
cf tf cm tm
wei
ght (
gram
s)
3 weeks
*
*
150
200
250
300
350
400
cf tf cm tm
wei
ght (
gram
s)
10 weeks
*
*
150
200
250
300
350
400
cf tf cm tm
wei
ght (
gram
s)
10 weeks
*
*
C.
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t *1
00
G/wt
TA/wt *
†
†
‡
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t *1
00
G/wt
TA/wt *
†
†
‡
3 weeks
0.02
0.12
0.22
0.32
0.42
0.52
0.62
cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t*10
0
G/wt
S/wt§
§0.02
0.12
0.22
0.32
0.42
0.52
0.62
cf tf cm tm
treatment group
mus
cle
wei
ght/
tota
l bod
y w
eigh
t*10
0
G/wt
S/wt§
§
24 weeks
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIESEMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
EXPRESSION OF ECTOPIC DNA IN PIGS
GHRH cDNA DRIVEN BY SYNTHETIC MUSCLE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER:
HEAVIER BIRTH WEIGHTSHEAVIER WEANING WEIGHTS
INCREASE SERUM IGF-IINCREASE IN PITUITARY SOMATOTROPHS AND
LACTOTROPHS (BIRTH AND 100 KG)
KHAN et al. 2003, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E224-E231.
IGF1 SNP 5A Allele and Size of Dog
Why Clone AnimalsWhy Clone Animals
Research
Development, aging, cancer, models for biomedical research
Applications
Genotype replication, genetic conservation, genetic engineering
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