animal kingdom college biology bill palmer animal kingdom some are warm and fuzzy!
TRANSCRIPT
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ANIMAL KINGDOMCollege Biology
Bill Palmer
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Animal KingdomSome are Warm and Fuzzy!
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Animal KingdomSome are Mean and Scary!
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Animal Kingdom-Nine Phyla
PORIFERASPONGE
CNIDERIAJELLYFISH
PLATYHELMINTHEAFLATWORM
NEMATODAROUNDWORM
MOLLUSCACLAM, OYSTER,
SQUIDANNELIDA
FISHING WORM
ARTHROPODAGRASSHOPPER,
CRAB
ECHINODERMATASEA STAR
CHORDATAFISH, MAN
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ancestral protist
symmetrytissue
bilateral tissue symmetry
body cavity
protosomes
coelom coelompseudocoel
deuterosomes
Porifera Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata(Phyla)
Radial symmetry
Tree for
Classifying Animals
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Characteristics of Animals
EukaryoticMulticellularEmbryonic developmentHeterotrophic, ingestiveNo cell wallsMobileTissues
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ClassificationKingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SpeciesRemember:There may be sub-groups and supra-groups
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Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
No organsConglomerate of cellsSexual ReproductionAsexual reproduction
Budding
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Phylum Porifera: The Sponges
Most MarineSome Fresh water(Grantia)
Grantia
freshwaterMarine
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osculum
The currents causewater flow into poresand out the osculumat top.
Inner cells withflagellae createcurrents
Spicules strengthenthe walls.
Anatomy of Typical Sponge
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Cnidaria (The Stingers)
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Phylum Cnidaria
Examples: Jelly fish, corals, anemones
Stinging Cells (cnidocytes)
• harpoons
2 stagesPolyp
Medusa
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Phylum Cnidaria
Most are Marine
Some Fresh water
Look for freshwater jellyfish in fall in large MO reservoirs
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mouthtentacles
mesoglea
gastrovascularcavity
POLYP
MEDUSA
mesoglea
gastrovascularcavity
mouthtentacles
TWO FORMS
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Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms
Examples: Flukes, Planaria, TapewormsOrgans present No system of blood circulationParasitic (tapeworms, flukes)Free-living (planaria)
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Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flukes
Human Liver Fluke
This species affects humans and destroys the liver.
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Phylum Platyhelminthes: Tapeworms
Human Tapeworm
A parasite
Head or Scolex
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Body Plan of Flatworm: Dugesia
Nervous SystemHead regionPrimitive Eyes
ReproductionSexualAsexual
nerve cords primitive eyescerebralganglia
ovariestestespenisgenitalpore
Nervoussystem
Reproductivesystem
Planaria
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ancestral protist
symmetrytissue
bilateral tissue symmetry
body cavity
protosomes
coelom coelompseudocoel
deuterosomes
Porifera Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata(Phyla)
Radial symmetry
Complete digestive tract
Tree for Classifying Animals
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Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms
Examples: Hookworm, Round worms, Guinea wormOrgans Present
Complete digestive tractRoles
pests for farmershuman parasites • trichinosis and hookworm• Sexual reproduction
Free livingSeparate sexes
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Phylum Nematoda: Hookworms
Adult Worm “Mouth” with teeth
Hookworms enter humans through the
soles of the feet
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Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms
Male
Female
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CAUTION!!
Next slide is graphic
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Guinea worms-
(Serpent of Fire in Bible)?
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Phylum MolluscaClasses
Gastropods (snails, slugs)Bivalves (oysters, clams, and mussels) Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and nautilus)
Mantle tissueSecretes shells
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Mollusca
Gastropod Cephalapoda Bivalves
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Mollusca-Giant Squid
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Phylum Annelida: Segmented Worms
Examples: earthworms, leeches
Body segmentation
Reproduction
Hermaphroditic (1 organism is male and female)
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brain
mouth “hearts”
dorsal blood vesselintestine
anus
segments
coelomicspace
muscular wallsbetween
segments
pairs ofbristles
No lungs
Anatomy of Earthworm
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Arthropoda (The jointed)
Crab with recently shed exoskeleton
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Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton carbohydrate protein Molting • Limits?
Appendagesjointed
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Three Subphyla
I. Uniramia (Insects)• Three Segments (head, thorax, abdomen)
II. Crustacea (shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles)
III. Chelicerata (Spiders,ticks,mites, horseshoe crabs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions)
• Chelicerae: Appendages near mouth used in feeding and venom injection
• Pedipalps (feeding/ courting/prey handling)
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SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders)
True Bug
Homoptera
Beetles
Coleoptera
Flies
Diptera
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SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders)
Bees, Wasps
Hymenoptera
Butterflies
Lepidoptera
Grasshoppers
Orthoptera
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Insect
Centipede
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LobsterWater flea
(Daphnia)
Barnacle
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Horseshoe Crab Spider(Tarantula)
Mite
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Echinodermata-The Spiny Ones
Sea Star
(old=Starfish)
Sea Cucumber Sea Anemone
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Phylum Echinodermata:Spiny skin
Examples: starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollarWater vascular system
tube feet
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Cephalochordata Vertebra Urochordata
The Chordates
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Phylum Chordata
Three Subphyla Cephalochordata• Amphioxus (only representative)
Urochordata• Sea squirts
Vertebratanotochord dorsal nerve cord post-anal tail
anuspharyngeal slits Amphioxus
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Cephalochordata
Amphioxus
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UrochordataSea squirts (Tunicate)
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VertebrataCheetah
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Vertebrates
1. Cartilaginous fish (shark, ray)2. Bony fish (blue gill, salmon)3. Amphibian (frog, salamander)4. Reptile (snake, turtle, lizard)5. Birds (ostrich, swallow)6. Mammals (bear, human, duckbilled
platypus)
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Vertebrate EvolutionCartilage to Bone
Half of vertebrates are fish.sharks and rays cartilaginousMost are bony fish
Transition to Land:
Amphibians: First land vertebrates
aquatic embryos and larvaeadults need moist environments.
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Cartilaginous Fish
Manta Ray
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Lobe-finned CoelacanthAncestor of all land vertebrates
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Bony Fish
Marlin
Largemouth
Bass
Rainbow
Trout
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Amphibians
Salamander
Frog
Toad
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mature frog
immaturefrog
tadpole developing embryo
fertilizedegg
female
egg
sperm
male
Amphibian Life Cycle
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ReptilesSnakes
Lizards
Turtles
Alligators
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Vertebrate Evolution
Birds and Reptiles
Amniotic Egg• Terrestrial development• Internal Fertilization
Dinosaurs to BirdsBone similarities Transitional fossil
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a
It has the teeth and claws of a dinosaur, but the unmistakable feathers of a bird. The drawing at right is an artist’s interpretation of the fossil at left.
Archaeopteryx
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Common Bird Types
Duck
Bald Eagle
American Robin
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Common Bird Types
Hummingbird
PheasantSandpiper
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Vertebrate EvolutionMammals
Characteristics• Mammary glands• Near-constant internal temperature• hair • eggs that develop internally
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Vertebrate EvolutionReproduction in Mammals
MonotremesMarsupialsPlacentals
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MonotremesEgg-laying mammals Duck-Billed Platypus
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MarsupialsMature in pouchKangaroo w/ Joey
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MarsupialsOpossum is a common Missouri Marsupial
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PlacentalNutrition from placentaGrizzly Bear
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SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS
Bat
Chiroptera
Lion
Carnivore
Orca
Cetacean
Porcupine
Rodent
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SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS
Gorilla
Primate
Elephant
Proboscidae
Whitetail Deer
Ungulate
Seal
Pinnadea
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1. What are the 9 major phyla we examined?2. What are examples of the 9 major
phyla? 3. What are the characteristics that place
the organisms into those Phyla?4. What is symmetry? Types?5. What are examples of organisms with
different types of symmetry?
Wrap up
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7. What are examples of organisms with different types of coeloms?
8. What are the 4 major characteristics of Chordata?
9. What are the 6 classes of Vertebrata?10. What are the characteristics of the 6
classes of Vertebrata?11. What are the 3 types of mammals?
(Define, describe, recognize and give examples?)
Wrap up
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HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 76: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 77: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 78: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 79: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 80: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 81: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 82: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 83: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 84: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 85: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 86: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 87: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 88: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 89: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
![Page 90: ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e8e5503460f94b90ff0/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs: