animal evolution. the basics animals = multicellular, heterotrophic life history: – sexual w/...
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Animal EvolutionAnimal Evolution
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The BasicsThe Basics
Animals = multicellular, heterotrophic Life history:
– Sexual w/ flagellated sperm/nonmotile egg– Development: cleavage, blastula, gastrula,
some have larval stage, metamorphosis
Probably evolved from a flagellated protist
Animals = multicellular, heterotrophic Life history:
– Sexual w/ flagellated sperm/nonmotile egg– Development: cleavage, blastula, gastrula,
some have larval stage, metamorphosis
Probably evolved from a flagellated protist
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1st Major Division: Parazoa/Eumetazoa1st Major Division:
Parazoa/Eumetazoa Parazoa:
– No true tissues– Phylum Porifera (sponges)
Eumetazoa:– Have true tissues
Parazoa:– No true tissues– Phylum Porifera (sponges)
Eumetazoa:– Have true tissues
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2nd Major Division:Radiata/Bilateria
2nd Major Division:Radiata/Bilateria
Radiata:– Have radial symmetry– Top and bottom sides
Oral: mouth side Aboral: other side
– Only ecto/endoderm = diploblastic– 2 phyla: Cnidaria (ex: jelly fish) & Ctenophora
Bilateria:– Bilateral symmetery– 3 axes: Dorsal/ventral, anterior/posterior, right/left.– 3 germ layers = triploblastic-ectoderm, mesoderm,
endoderm
Radiata:– Have radial symmetry– Top and bottom sides
Oral: mouth side Aboral: other side
– Only ecto/endoderm = diploblastic– 2 phyla: Cnidaria (ex: jelly fish) & Ctenophora
Bilateria:– Bilateral symmetery– 3 axes: Dorsal/ventral, anterior/posterior, right/left.– 3 germ layers = triploblastic-ectoderm, mesoderm,
endoderm
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Radial symmetry:Symmetry around acentral point
Asymmetry:No planes ofsymmetry
Bilateral symmetry:Symmetry across thesagittal plane
dorsal
ventral
posterior
anterior
sagittalplane
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Bilateral symmetry:Bilateral symmetry:
Associated w/ cephalization– Concentration of sensory organs @ anterior end– Many animals have CNS in head & a nerve cord
extending posterior– Adaptation for movement/predation
Associated w/ cephalization– Concentration of sensory organs @ anterior end– Many animals have CNS in head & a nerve cord
extending posterior– Adaptation for movement/predation
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Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates, Coelomates
Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates, Coelomates Acoelomates: 3 layers, but no body cavity
– Ex: Platyhelminthes (flatwoms) Psedocoelomates: cavity, but not
completely lined by mesoderm– Ex: Phylum Nematoda, Rotifera
Coelomates: True fluid-filled cavity, completely lined by mesoderm– Have mesentaries: connect layers, suspend
organs
Acoelomates: 3 layers, but no body cavity– Ex: Platyhelminthes (flatwoms)
Psedocoelomates: cavity, but not completely lined by mesoderm– Ex: Phylum Nematoda, Rotifera
Coelomates: True fluid-filled cavity, completely lined by mesoderm– Have mesentaries: connect layers, suspend
organs
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ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm (gut)
No coelom (acoelomate)
Pseudocoel
Coelom
roundworm
earthworm
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm (gut)
pseudocoel(mesoderm on one side only)
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm (gut)
coelom(surrounded by mesoderm)
flatworm
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4th Major Division: Protostomes/Deuterostomes
4th Major Division: Protostomes/Deuterostomes
Protostomes:– Cleavage: Spiral, determinate– Coelom formation: schizocoelous– Blastopore: becomes mouth
Deuterostomes:– Cleavage: Radial, indeterminate– Coelom formation: enterocoelus– Blastopore: becomes anus
Protostomes:– Cleavage: Spiral, determinate– Coelom formation: schizocoelous– Blastopore: becomes mouth
Deuterostomes:– Cleavage: Radial, indeterminate– Coelom formation: enterocoelus– Blastopore: becomes anus
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LE 32-9b
Protostome development(examples: molluscs,
annnelids, arthropods)
Deuterostome development(examples: echinoderms,
chordates)
Coelom formationCoelom
Archenteron
Blastopore Mesoderm
Enterocoelous:folds of archenteronform coelom
Coelom
BlastoporeMesoderm
Schizocoelous: solidmasses of mesodermsplit and form coelom
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LE 32-9c
Protostome development(examples: molluscs,
annnelids, arthropods)
Deuterostome development(examples: echinoderms,
chordates)
Fate of the blastoporeMouth
Anus developsfrom blastopore
AnusMouth
Mouth developsfrom blastopore
Anus
Digestive tube
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blastoporeinvagination
mouth anus
a Early embryo
blastoporeinvagination
mouthanus
b Adult
mouth anus
anus mouth
dorsal heart
dorsal nerve cord
ventralheart
ventralnerve cord
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