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Animal Evolution

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But first.some review!

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Unlike plants, animals have A.Cell membranes B.Histone proteins C.Cell walls D.Centrioles E.Glucose molecules

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The organism to the right belongs to the phylum: A.Reptilia B.Mammalia C.Amphibia D.Chordata E.Arthropoda

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The principal components of viruses are: 1.Protein and lipid 2.DNA and RNA 3.RNA and lipid 4.DNA and carbohydrate 5.protein and nucleic acid

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Animal Evolution Monophyletic Common ancestor Colonial Flagellate Hypothesis All animals descended from a colony of hollow spherical cells

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Animal Classification 1.Tissue organization May be made of cells, tissues or organs 3 GERM LAYERS Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm DIPLOBLASTIC just endo & ectoderm; have tissues only (no organs) TRIPLOBLASTIC all three; have organs

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Animal Classification 2.Symmetry Asymmetrical Symmetrical Cephalization

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Animal Classification 3.Body Plan Sac plan One opening for food to enter and exit Tube w/in a tube Mouth and anus Allows for specialization along digestive tract

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Animal Classification 4.Type of Coelom Acoelomates No body cavity or coelum (tube) Psuedocoelomates Body cavity incompletely lined by mesoderm Coelomates Body cavity completely lined by mesoderm

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Animal Classification PROTOSOMES First embryonic opening (blastopore) becomes the mouth of the organism DEUTEROSOMES First embryonic opening becomes the anus

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Animal Classification 5.Segmentation Evolutionary Advantage of Segmentation?

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And finally 6.Molecular Data Closely related organisms should have a similar nucleotide sequence

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Animal Structure & Organization

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Tissues 4 types EPITHELIAL CONNECTIVE MUSCULAR NERVOUS

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Epithelial Tissue Protective layer of cell that lines body cavities Specialized to: Secrete Absorb Excrete filter

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Types of Epithelial Tissue SIMPLE one layer STRATIFIED - more than one layer BASEMENT MEMBRANE bottom

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Tissue TypeLocationFunctional Significance Simple squamous Lungs Ciliated Columnar Small Intestine Stratified squamous Nasal Passages

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Connective Tissue Many shapes and sizes, but all have: Specialized cells Ground substance Non-cellular stuff that separates the cells Solid, liquid or gel Protein fibers

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Connective Tissue 4 types Fibrous Loose Adipose Dense Supportive Cartilage Bone Fluid Blood Lymph

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Muscle Cells with actin and myosin filaments that allow for movement 3 types SKELETAL SMOOTH CARDIAC

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Nervous Tissue Functions in sensing, interpreting, and responding to stimuli NEURON NEUROGLIAL CELL support and nourishes neurons

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Organ Systems & Homeostasis

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The Skin as an Organ How is the skin adapted in each of the following organisms?

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Skin as an Organ Skin has many layers Epidermis Outer protective layer Dermis Contains receptors and blood supply Subcutaneous Fat layer Blood supply

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Body Cavities Various body cavities contain different organs Ventral (belly) cavity of human develops from coelom

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Homeostasis Give an example of how each system helps the body maintain homeostasis. RespiratoryDigestive CardiovascularCirculatory Skeletal Muscular

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Negative Feedback Sensor becomes active when a change is detected Signals control center which then fixes the problem Examples?

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Positive Feedback Stimulus causes a greater change in the same direction Example: Pressure of the babys head pushes on cervix Stimulates release of oxcytocin Oxcytocin stimulates contraction of uterus and more pressure

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Critiquing a research paper which form of feedback? 1.Negative 2.Positive

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Which of the following best describes the set point of a homeostatic system? A.The cells that collect and transmit information about the state of the system. B.The cells that receive information about the state of the system and that direct changes to the system. C.The various components that produce appropriate changes in the system. D.The target or normal value of the parameter in question. 0 of 30