animal cell plant cell cells smallest unit of life made up of organelles separate part of the cell...
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Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cells• Smallest unit of life
• Made up of ORGANELLES
• separate part of the cell with a unique function
• Two types
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Nucleus Manages cell
functions Contains the cell’s
genetic information Features:
Contains Nucleolus makes ribosomes Found inside the
nucleus
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Features cont.: Nuclear membrane
Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
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Cytoplasm Functions:
Allows chemical reactions
Supports organelles (like pieces of fruit in jelly)
Features: Jelly-like 70-90% water
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Cytoskeleton a network of protein fibers
Functions: Gives strength, support & shape
to the cell Provides movement for objects
inside cell Features:
Can be dis- and reassembled to change shape of cell
Acts like a monorail system for transport using “motor proteins.”
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Mitochondria Function:
the center of cell respiration/energy processing
Releases energy from covalent bonds of food molecules
Features: double membranes own DNA
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Cell membrane Function:
Controls what enters/exits the cell
Features: found around
outside of cell Selectively
permeable: only allows certain substances in and out of cell.
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Feature cont.: made of a
phospholipid bilayer Swap a phosphate for
one fatty acid in a triglyceride
Hydrophilic phosphate faces the water
Hydrophobic tails gather together away from water
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• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Function: Makes and transports
proteins Features:
Long membrane “channels”
Attached to nuclear membrane.
Does have ribosomes attached
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Ribosomes Function:
make proteins for the cell to use
Features: Some floating
free in the cytoplasm
Some attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): Function:
transport and communication
Makes & transports lipids & carbohydrates
Features: No ribosomes
attached has tubes and canals.
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Golgi Complex/Apparatus Function:
Makes membranes creates some products
for secretion Collects, modifies, and
packages proteins for storage and/or shipment
Features: Looks like stacks of
pancakes Many layers of
membranes
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Vesicles Function:
Carry finished products to interior or exterior of cell
Feature: Membranes
formed from Golgi
Organelles
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• Lysosome Function:
Digest worn out organelles & foreign particles
Destroy bacteria Remove toxic wastes
Features: Contain digestive
enzymes About 40 types
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Cell Wall Function:
Provides rigid support and structure to plant cells
Features: Found outside the
cell membrane Made mostly of
carbohydrates
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• Chloroplast• Function:
• Photosynthesis: convert light energy into chemical energy (stored in covalent bonds of food)
• Features: Contain pigments
(like chlorophyll) that help capture light energy
Have own DNA
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• Vacuole• Function:
• Store water and undigested materials
• Features: Large sac in plants
cells Small in animal
cells
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Animal Cell Plant Cell