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2016N A T I O N A L

F E D E R A T I O N

Animal Care Guidelines

Last edited September 2016

Contact National Turkey Federation 1225 New York Avenue, NW

Suite 400 Washington, DC 20005 Phone: 202/898-0100

Fax: 202/898-0203

ContentsBreeder Guidelines Page 4

Auditor Guidelines Page5

Audit Worksheet Page7

Hatchery Guidelines Page16

Auditor Guidelines Page 17

Audit Worksheet Pae18

Production Guidelines Page 26


Audit Worksheet 0

Catching and Transport Guidelines Page 36


Audit Worksheet Page 39

Slaughter Guidelines Page 43


Audit Worksheet Page 46

Euthanasia Guidelines Page 51

Euthanasia Guidelines

Breeder

Auditor Guidelines for Conducting the NTF Animal Care Turkey Breeder Audit Tool

I. Definitions:

a. Auditor: Person(s) performing the audit b. Auditee: Company being audited c. Audit Sponsor: Organization that owns the audit tool and is responsible for

revisions and clarification. d. Audit Customer: The company/organization that is requiring the auditee to

be audited.

II. Pre-audit communication between the auditor and auditee is mandatory to reduce confusion and potential conflict during the audit. This can be done electronically or by phone. Err on the side of over communication. If there are multiple locations, the auditor must ensure that all facility managers are informed of the audit plan. Be sure to address the following items:

III. Auditor Expectations. It is assumed that an auditor will have a basic knowledge of turkey production and behavior. The welfare of the animal is the first priority.

IV. Facilities to audit. Given that most operations have multiple production facilities and may raise hens and toms on separate farms, the auditor and auditee must discuss and agree on:

a. Number of farms b. Which farms to visit c. Which houses to observe on the farm d. Which type of houses (Toms, Hens, Replacement breeders)

In some cases the audit sponsor and/or the audit customer may need to be consulted for direction on the above items prior to the audit. Regardless, company biosecurity and management requirements must be adhered to. Showers are a common requirement in turkey breeder facilities. Be sure to get driving directions and don’t rely on GPS addresses in rural areas. Confirm the local time zone.

Audit Tool Guidance for Specific Criteria

I. Pest Control (5.2) – Verify that the company/facility has a pest control program though either a written program or records of a pest control service. Confirm on farm implementation by observing baiting or bait stations as indicated by the program. The auditor is not to judge if the pest control program is adequate.

II. Litter Moisture (5.4) – The auditor should be aware that in hot weather, fogging/sprinkler systems may be used to reduce heat stress. Litter may become damp or caked but the cooling benefits far outweigh the welfare impact of damp litter conditions.

III. Breeder Roaming space (7.3) – The roaming space is defined as the whole barn or a portion of the barn, or pens in which certain groups of turkeys are held.

IV. Flock Evaluation scoring (7.4) – 60 points is the total possible score and each affected bird is a 3 point deduction. If 20 birds or more out of 100 birds are affected, then the score would be zero. If 2 birds are affected out of 100 birds, then the score would be 54. If one bird has more than one type of lesion, it is counted as only one bird. Only eye lesions that are severe enough to compromise the turkey’s ability to access feed and water should be scored as deductions. The auditor should also be aware that as turkey breeders normally lose feathers as they progress through the laying cycle. The auditor should not handle any turkeys; the flock evaluation is visual observation of lesions.

V. Recovery Pen (7.5) – The purpose of this item is to ensure that sick or injured turkeys in the recovery pen are likely to recover are being monitored, cared for, and/or treated. Auditors will not decide if the treatment is adequate. Turkeys in the recovery pen(s) are not to be counted in the 100 bird evaluation

VI. Bird Handling (7.7) – Ideally, the handling activities to be observed are planned in advance. However, schedules can often change so the auditor should be prepared to revise the audit plan at the opening meeting or during the audit if necessary. Be cognizant of employee breaks, the activities’ start and finish times, etc. so the opportunity to observe the activity is not missed. Approximately 15-20 minutes of observation should be sufficient time to observe an activity. The auditor must also be aware that there are differences among companies as to how certain activities are conducted. For example, some companies will use a ramp or a pit to do insemination, others may just use a catching pen and inseminate on the floor. When inspecting the facility and equipment for injury potential, only deduct points for areas where birds are visibly being injured or highly likely to be injured. The purpose of auditing these activities is to ensure that birds are not being mistreated or injured during these activities.

Company: Audit Date:

Company Address: Company Phone:

Company Contact: Position:

List Complexes/Facilities Used in Audit:

Auditor Name and Title:

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AUTO FAIL WAS RECORDED DUE TO MAJOR NON-CONFORMANCE:(Will only fill in if an auto failure occurred)

On-Farm Best Management Practices

CATEGORY

The following checklist is provided to assist turkey companies in complying with the Animal Welfare Guidelines recommended by the National Turkey Federation and voluntarily adopted by this Company.

This audit applies to the following Company, including the listed complexes and/or facilities:

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NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATIONTurkey On-Farm Animal Care Audit Checklist

TURKEY BREEDER ANIMAL CARE AUDIT CHECKLISTTurkey Breeder Production

0

AREA

0

ProgramsNutrition and Feeding

Maximum Score Facility Score8560

105

Turkey Breeders

ManagementTraining

TOTALS

0

705 0

60105250 0

Comfort and ShelterOn-Farm Best PracticesTurkey Breeders

40

Management, Training and Programs

Updated: September 1, 2016

0000

0

0

Area Guideline Measurement\Verification Max Score

Facility Score Comments

1.0 Management 85

1.1 Management commitment to

welfare

Designated person or management group in charge of

animal welfare practices.Identify designated person or management group 30 0

1.2 Veterinary Care Veterinary care should be available Identify veterinarian 20 0

1.3 Adequate Diet and Nutrition

Feed formulated to prevent predictable signs of nutritional

deficiency and to promote good health and desired production.

Diet reviewed by professional turkey nutritionist. Feed mill follows Good Manufacturing Practices 15 0

1.4 Animal Abuse Reporting

Company must have a process, by which employees and

contract growers are able to report abuse or welfare

concerns.

Verify the Company has a process or method for reporting abuse and welfare concerns, and that this is known to

employees/contractors through their welfare policy and/or training programs.

20 0

2.0 Training 60

2.1 Poultry Welfare Training and

Documentation

Documented training program for any person handling live

birds.

Review training program and verify that initial and annual employee and contractor training is documented. Training needs to include topics of "General Health and Welfare"

and "Bird Handling".

30 0

2.2 Euthanasia Training and

Documentation

Documented training program for any person performing

euthanasia

Review training program and verify that initial and annual employee and contractor training is documented. 30 0



3.0 Programs 105

3.1 Emergency Response Plan

Company should have a written plan for emergency response

and recovery, including but not limited to structural damage,

natural disasters, live bird transportation emergencies and

utility outages. Plan should include system or procedure to provide adequate ventilation in

the event of power failure.

Verify the company has a written plan. Verify that employees have access to emergency contacts' phone

numbers. Verify emergency ventilation system.30 0

3.2 Health A disease prevention program is followed.

Verify disease prevention program documentation (i.e.. Vaccination Program) 20 0

3.3 BiosecurityA written biosecurity program with defined procedures is in

place. Verify biosecurity program is documented and followed. 20 0

3.4 Flock treatment program

The company should have a written protocol to evaluate

and/or treat birds that have eye lesions, skin tears and foot

conditions that prevent the birds from eating and drinking.

Verify the program and evaluate flock to observe if program is being executed as per company plan. 10 0



3.5 Secondary Beak Conditioning Protocol

and Training

The company should have a written protocol describing beak

conditioning technique that minimizes stress and injury. Any

person performing beak conditioning must have training.

Beak conditioning is not permitted in turkeys older than

19 weeks.

Verify the program and review training records. 10 0

3.6 Feed Withdrawal Maintain well-being Company/Processor must have written program describing feed withdrawal communication process with grower. Feed

withdrawal should not exceed 12 hours prior to loading.15 0



4.0 Nutrition and Feeding 40

4.1 Access to Drinking Water

Birds have access to drinking water.

Meets requirements as specified by company/facility program. 20 0

4.2 Access to Feed Adequate access for all birds. Meets requirements as specified by company/facility program. 20 0

5.0 Comfort & Shelter 60

5.1 Housing Condition

Protects birds from anticipated environmental conditions.

Verify that birds are not being injured by conditions in the house. 10 0

5.2 Pest Control Pest control program should be in place.

Verify company program and implementation. See auditor guidance materials. 10 0

5.3 VentilationVentilation systems provide

quality air; noxious gases are minimized.

Verify system to provide ventilation. Ammonia standard is less than 25 ppm and measured at bird level. Auditor will measure ammonia with mutually agreed upon equipment.

20 0

5.4 Litter Moisture Litter Moisture not excessive

Litter (a sampling of five locations located in the middle of the house, not directly under a feeder or drinker) is loosely

compacted in the hand when squeezed; birds are not excessively wet or dirty. Exception: Use of evaporative

misters for cooling of birds in hot weather may cause caked litter. This is allowed.

20 0



6.0 On-Farm Best Practices 105

6.1 Inspection/Record

KeepingInspect flocks daily.

Verify mortality and egg production records are up to date; mortality is removed daily. Greater than 2 decomposing

carcasses per house is not acceptable30 0

6.2 On-Farm Euthanasia

Birds that are unable to reach food and water, are mortally

injured, or have broken bones must be euthanized. Such birds should be euthanized after daily

inspection.

Company approved euthanasia method is used. Methods should follow NTF’s Guidelines for Euthanasia of Turkeys. Ask caretaker to describe proper euthanasia technique or

demonstrate with a cull bird. Confirmation of death is required prior to carcass disposal.

45 0

6.3 Lighting Program

Company has lighting programs that promote egg and semen

production.

Verify company has lighting program in place including a minimum 4 hours of dark/reduced light . 30 0

6.4 Acts of Willful Abuse

No willful acts of abuse are tolerated

Throughout the course of the audit no willful acts of abuse are observed. This includes but is not limited to kicking,

throwing, or hitting birds. THIS IS A MAJOR NON-CONFORMANCE AND WILL RESULT IN AUTOMATIC

FAILURE OF THE AUDIT.

0 0

7.0 Turkey Breeders 250

7.1 Nest Space Adequate nest space must be provided for hens

No more than 7 hens per nest, 90% of nest gates should be in working order to let hens in and out freely. 20 0

7.2 Nests/RampsNests and ramps shall be

maintained as to not cause injury to the hen.

No sharp protrusions or edges to injure hens. 20 0



7.3 Roaming Space

Birds free to roam throughout the growing area. Birds can

stand up, sit down and spread their wings

Observe that birds are free to express normal behaviors. 20 0

7.4 Flock Evaluation

Must inspect 100 birds per farm for eye condition, skin tears, foot condition or any other condition

that prevents the birds from eating and drinking.

No more than 20 birds per 100 examined should have eye/eye lid lesion, skin tear over 3” in size and any foot

condition that inhibits the birds' ability to access feed and water. If >20 birds per 100 examined are found to be

affected, a written protocol should be in place to evaluate, treat and/or remove affected birds from flock. If any

condition that causes greater than 1% of the total flock to be unable to reach feed or water (or have a prolapse) then

this is a MAJOR NON-CONFORMANCE AND WILL RESULT IN AUTOMATIC FAILURE OF THE AUDIT.

Scoring guideline: Each bird (up to 20) with any one of the aforementioned conditions is a 3 point deduction. Any bird

having multiple ailments will still count as 3 points.

60 0

7.5 Recovery Pen

Birds removed from flock and taken to a recovery pen should

be checked at least daily for access to feed, water, and

ventiltion. Any birds unable to reach feed or water should be

euthanized after daily inspection.

Birds in recovery pen should be inspected daily to verify that all birds can reach feed and water. Company

document daily checks. N/A if no recovery pen in use.50 0

7.6 Beak Conditioning

Must inspect 100 birds per farm in flocks older than 10 weeks

No more than 10 birds per 100 have upper beaks no less than 1/2" from nostril.. N/A if no secondary beak

conditioning is done. 20 0



7.7 Bird handling:

Must inspect three of the six handling activities: Activities #1

and #2 are REQUIRED observations. Note that any 3

items add up to the maximum 60 point score. If the auditor uses

more than 3 items, the score for each item will need to be adjusted so that the total

allowable score is still 60 points.

For these observations auditors must observe the individual activity for 15 -30 minutes. Partial credit can be given in

proportion to the degree of non-conformance and frequency of mishandling. In all cases when birds are being lifted there must be 2 points of contact: both legs, both wings

grasped at shoulder, or a shoulder and a leg. Zero points shall be awarded if a pattern of non-conformance is

observed during the observation period and corrective action is not taken.

60

7.71 Insemination REQUIRED ACTIVITY

Hens are handled in such a manner as to avoid injury.

Verify proper bird handling technique with regards to driving, catching, inseminating and releasing. Hens shall not walk on top of each other. Hens should be caught by both legs and placed in an insemination chair, or inverted and inseminated then released. Hens should be released in such a manner as not to cause injury. Verify that there are no sharp protrusions or edges in the holding pen or

insemination chute that may injure hens.

0

7.72 Tom milking REQUIRED ACTIVITY

Toms are handled in such a manner as to avoid injury.

Verify proper bird handling technique with regards to catching, milking and releasing. Toms should be supported securely by at least 2 points of contact and securely held in

a position to allow semen collection. Toms should be released in such a manner as not to cause injury.

0

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7.73 Transportation - discretionary item

Birds are handled in such a manner as to avoid injury.

Verify proper bird handling technique with regards to driving, loading, transporting and unloading. Birds shall not walk on top of other birds, birds should be placed into coop rapidly using 2 points of contact. Cage and trailer density

should permit turkeys to sit in a single layer with accommodations being made for season (verify a written

SOP). Equipment used should be in good condition with an inspection insuring there are no sharp edges or protrusions

to injure birds. If the mortality during loadout exceeds 0.5%, corrective action must be initiated.

0

7.74 Vaccination/Blood

and Sample Collection -

discretionary item


Verify proper bird handling technique with regards to driving, catching, injecting and releasing. Birds shall not

walk on top of other birds. Birds should always be supported or lifted by 2 points of contact. Birds should be

released in a manner that does not cause injury.

0

7.75 Egg Collection - discretionary item


Verify eggs are collected in such a manner to avoid rough handling or injury to the hen. Observe cycling of automatic

nest gates if possible.0

7.76 Bird Weighing/Tom

Selection - discretionary item


Verify proper bird handling technique with regards to catching and releasing. Birds should be picked up using using 2 points of contact. Birds should be released in a

manner that does not cause injury.

0

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Hatchery

Auditor Guidelines for Conducting the NTF Turkey Hatchery Animal Care Audit Checklist

I. Definitions:

a. Auditor: Person(s) performing the audit b. Auditee: Company being audited c. Audit Sponsor: Organization that owns the audit tool and is responsible for


be audited.

II. Pre-audit communication between the auditor and auditee is mandatory to reduce confusion and potential conflict during the audit. This can be done electronically or by phone. Err on the side of over communication. If there are multiple locations, the auditor must ensure that all facility managers are informed of the audit plan. If a complex or company-wide audit is to be completed, it should be agreed to during the pre-audit discussion on how the whole audit score will be determined (Example: Multiple grow-out facility scores will be averaged to get one grow-out score for the complex).


Company biosecurity and management requirements must be adhered to, including shower in/shower out requirements

Audit Tool Guidance for Specific Criteria: I. Emergency Response Plan (3.1): Every company will have its unique

requirements and situations regarding emergency response. It is the auditor’s responsibility to verify that the company requirements are being met so that the turkey health and welfare are ensured. It is not the auditor’s job to determine if the plans are adequate.

II. Training, training documentation (2.1, 2.2, 2.3): Annual training means that training is done once per calendar year, but not necessarily in the previous 12 months.

III. Euthanasia (5.6): Many hatcheries utilize closed vacuum systems to remove waste including poults that have been euthanized making it impossible to visualize the final waste container. Auditor is to verify that the systems and equipment are functioning properly, and that there are no live poults in any waste or trash container.






Percent0%0%0%0%0%0%

0%


NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATIONTurkey Hatchery Animal Care Audit Checklist


TURKEY HATCHERY ANIMAL CARE AUDIT CHECKLISTTurkey Hatchery Operations

0


Hatchery Best Management Practices

CATEGORY



0

0 1/0/00

0 0

0 0

Poult Care and ComfortPoult Servicing/Handling


120

AREA

0

ProgramsHatchery Systems

ManagementTraining

TOTALS 695 0

125160

00000



1.0 Management 110

1.1 Management Commitment to Welfare

Designated person or management group in charge of Company animal welfare

practices.Identify designated person or management group 30 0

1.2 Guidelines Adherence

Designated Hatchery specific person or management group in charge of animal

welfare practices and promoting adherence to the Guidelines.

Identify designated Hatchery person or management group 30 0



Company must have a process, by which employees and contract growers are able

to report abuse or welfare concerns.



20 0

2.0 Training 120


Documentation

Documented training program for any person handling live birds.

Review training program and verify that initial and annual employee and contractor training is documented. Training

needs to include topics of "General Health and Welfare" and "Bird Handling".

30 0

2.2 Euthanasia Training and Documentation

Documented training program for any person performing euthanasia




2.3 Poult Servicing Training – Job Specific

Training

Routine poult services such as beak and toe treatment, snood removal, injection, and poult delivery require job specific

training. Employee training records are available for review.

Verify job specific training has been provided to Hatchery employees working in the listed areas. Review of the

documented training program and records.30 0

2.4 Poult Transportation Training

Transportation to include emergency SOPs and contact list. Drivers to be trained in procedures in their specific

equipment.

Verify job specific training has been provided to Hatchery employees working in the listed areas. Review of the

documented training program and records.30 0

3.0 Programs 60


Company should have a written plan for emergency response and recovery, including but not limited to structural damage, natural disasters, live poult

transportation and utility outages. Plan should include system or procedure to

provide adequate ventilation in the event of power failure.

Verify the company has a written plan. Verify that employees have access to emergency contacts' phone numbers. Verify

emergency ventilation/power system.30 0

3.2 Euthanasia Plan A plan is in place to determine when to euthanize pipped eggs and culls.

Verify the company has a documented Euthanasia Program that utilizes methods outlined by the AVMA and the NTF. 30 0



4.0 Hatchery Systems 120

4.1 Emergency Systems

The facility has an alarm system or regular monitoring system in use to alert hatchery personnel to failure of critical systems. A generator check program is in place and available for review.

Verify the Hatchery has a working generator or alternative power supply to maintain critical systems. Verify

documented checks of on-site generators are completed no less than once every month.

30 0

4.2 Loose Poults Retrieval

The hatchery has a program in place to retrieve loose poults at

specified intervals, not to exceed two hours.

Verify monitoring system is in place to ensure that employees are engaged in AND conform to retrieval of loose

poults that are at risk for injury.30 0

4.3 Poult Delivery Emergency Plan

Poult delivery drivers have an in-transit emergency contact list

and response plan. The plan is reviewed seasonally.

Verify an emergency contact list is available either in the delivery truck, on the delivery ticket that accompanies the

delivery, or with the truck driver.30 0

4.4 Hatchery QC System

Equipment and automated systems used for poult

treatment(s) must be verified in good operating condition to

prevent poult injury.

Validate QC verification steps are in place to assure 1) equipment in good operating condition before the start of

poult servicing and 2) equipment is maintained and operated as per manufacturer specifications to prevent poult injury.

Equipment should be calibrated and functioning properly at all times.

30 0

5.0 Poult Care and Comfort 125



5.1 Injury Monitoring

The hatchery has an injury monitoring program that

examines either: 1) approximately 1,000 poults each day OR 2) approximately 10% of

the total daily production, whichever is the lesser number. Results find no more than 1% with severe injuries (torn legs,

broken legs, wings, etc.). Records are available for review. A documented corrective action

is required if injury limit is exceeded, and a recheck is

required to validate such action was effective.

Validate that poult injury monitoring is in place and effectively addressing any noted poult injuries. This check

must be done on days when the hatchery is hatching poults and servicing. The audit should be scheduled to take place during the course of "normal" hatchery functions of hatch

pull, servicing, treatments, holding, etc.

25 0

5.2 Drop Distances - Tabled

Poults do not have an unsupported transfer drop of

more than 12" when transitioning from belt to belt or one horizontal

plane to another.

Verify that there are no free-fall drops of greater than 12 inches. 25 0

5.3 Temperature Range Goal

The company has a temperature range goal (that is posted) for

the holding room in the hatchery.

Verify the range goal is posted and easily visible to employees. 25 0



5.4 Temperature Monitoring

The holding room is equipped with a working thermometer and temperature is monitored at least

twice a day when poults are present.

Verify thermometer(s) are in place and in working order. Review documentation logs to validate temperatures are

monitored at least twice each day when poults are present.25 0






0 0

5.6 Euthanasia

Approved methods of euthanasia are in place to euthanize pipped eggs and culls and verified by auditor for proper operation.

Company approved euthanasia method is used. Methods need to be AVMA approved and used in accordance with

NTF Guidelines for Euthanasia of Turkeys . Confirmation of death is required prior to carcass disposal. LIVE BIRDS IN

ANY FINAL DEAD OR DISPOSAL CONTAINER IS A MAJOR NON-CONFORMANCE AND WILL RESULT IN

AUTOMATIC FAILURE OF THE AUDIT.

25 0



6.0 Poult Servicing and

Handling

Must inspect the following handling

activities: Activities #1 and #2 are REQUIRED

observations. The third observation will be determined by the

auditor. Note that all 3 items add up to the

maximum of 120 points, with each item counting

as a maximum of 40.

For these observations auditors must observe the individual activity for 15 -30 minutes.

Partial credit can be given in proportion to the degree of non-conformance and frequency of

mishandling. In all cases when birds are being lifted they must be handled securely so that none drop. Zero points shall be awarded if a

pattern of non-conformance is observed during the observation period and corrective action is

not taken.

160

6.1 Sexing REQUIRED ACTIVITY

Poults are handled in such a manner as to avoid injury.

Verify proper bird handling technique with regards to catching, holding and releasing. Poults should be released

in such a manner as not to cause injury. Verify that there are no sharp protrusions or edges in the sexing carousels or

chutes that may injure poults.

40 0

6.2 Beak Treatment -

Injection REQUIRED ACTIVITY



in such a manner as not to cause injury. Verify that there are no sharp protrusions or edges in the carousels or chutes that

may injure poults. Verify equipment is inspected and maintained so that poults are restrained and released

properly.

40 0



6.3 Hatch Pull (Take Off) is REQUIRED ACTIVITY



in such a manner as not to cause injury. Verify that there are no sharp protrusions or edges in the boxes or trays that may injure poults. Verify equipment is inspected and maintained

so that poults are restrained and released properly.

40 0

6.4 Discretionary Servicing such as

Toe Treatment, Dew Claw Treatment, etc.

If additional procedures are being performed, auditor will pick

one more to observe.

Verify proper bird handling technique with regards to manual procedures such as dew claw treatment, or other

mechanical procedures such as toe treatment. Equipment used should be in good condition with an inspection insuring

there are no sharp edges or protrusions to injure birds.

40 0

Commerical Turkey

Auditor Guidelines for Conducting the NTF Production Audit

I. Definitions: a. Auditor: Person(s) performing the audit b. Auditee: Company being audited c. Audit Sponsor: Organization that owns the audit tool and is responsible for


be audited.

II. Pre-audit communication between the auditor and auditee is mandatory to reduce confusion and potential conflict during the audit. This can be done electronically or by phone. Err on the side of over communication. If there are multiple locations, the auditor must ensure that all facility managers are informed of the audit plan. If a complex or company-wide audit is to be completed, it should be agreed to during the pre-audit discussion on how the whole audit score will be determined (Example: Multiple grow-out facility scores will be averaged to get one grow-out score for the complex).


IV. Facilities to audit. Given that most operations have multiple production facilities and may raise hens and toms on separate farms, the auditor and auditee must discuss and agree on:

a. Number of farms b. Which farms to visit c. Which houses to observe on the farm d. Which type of houses (Brood, Grow/Finish)

In some cases the audit sponsor and/or the audit customer may need to be consulted for direction on the above items prior to the audit. Regardless, company biosecurity and management requirements must be adhered to. Some farms may be ineligible for auditing due to infectious disease under order of the company veterinarian. Be sure to get driving directions and don’t rely on GPS addresses in rural areas. Confirm the local time zone.

Audit Tool Guidance for Specific Criteria: I. Emergency Response Plan, Health, Biosecurity (3.1, 3.2, 3.3): Every company

will have its unique requirements and situations regarding these items. It is the auditor’s responsibility to verify that these items are addressed at the production level and that the company requirements are being met so that the turkey health

and welfare are ensured. It is not the auditor’s job to determine if the plans are adequate.

II. Access to Water and Feed (4.1, 4.2): There are many variations in the turkey industry as to type and numbers of feeder and drinkers. The facility/company should provide guidance for the numbers of each to provide adequate access. The auditor should focus on his/her observations that the turkeys are not hungry or thirsty by crowding the feeders and drinkers. This can also be verified by normal or expected growth rates.

III. Pest control (5.2): Verify that the company/facility has a pest control program though either a written program or records of a pest control service. Confirm on farm implementation by observing baiting or bait stations as indicated by the program. The auditor is not to judge if the pest control program is adequate.

IV. Ventilation (5.3): Ammonia level assessment/measurement method will be agreed to during the pre-audit communication.

V. Litter Moisture (5.4): The auditor should be aware that in hot weather, fogging/sprinkler systems may be used to reduce heat stress. Litter may become damp or caked but the cooling benefits far outweigh the welfare impact of damp litter conditions.

VI. On Farm Euthanasia (6.2): Do not inspect flocks that are within two weeks of processing (to prevent injury to birds).Walk through the flock at a careful pace that minimizes birds’ flapping and jumping. It is recommended that the auditor walks behind the caretaker or company representative. Stay within 10-15 feet of the side walls, typically between a feed line and the side wall, and make a complete loop around the inside of the poultry house. Special attention should be paid to sidewalls, exhaust fans, and any dark areas. Birds injured since the last daily flock inspection should not be counted. If auditor cannot determine if a bird is recently injured, do not count that bird.

The following sliding scale is used to score each poultry house observed. To calculate the Euthanasia criterion score for the audit, average all the houses’ scores. However, if any individual poultry house receives a zero, that results in automatic audit failure.

a. 70 points: No birds observed that require euthanasia. Caretaker and/or company representative can demonstrate or describe correct euthanasia process

b. 50 points: 1 bird/4000 birds or fewer observed that require euthanasia. Caretaker/company representative can demonstrate or describe correct euthanasia process.

c. 30 points: 1 bird/3000 birds or fewer observed that require euthanasia. Caretaker/company representative can demonstrate or describe correct euthanasia process.

d. 10 points: 1 bird/2000 birds or fewer observed that require euthanasia. Caretaker/company representative can demonstrate or describe correct euthanasia process.

e. 0 points: Greater than 1 bird/2000 observed that require euthanasia OR Caretaker/company representative cannot demonstrate or describe correct euthanasia process. A score of zero on this criterion results in an automatic audit failure.

VII. Lighting Program (6.3): Turkeys can become agitated or excited during complete darkness and may sometimes pileup on each other and smother some of the flock. To reduce this risk some facilities may use a reduced or very low level of light as opposed to complete darkness. This is an acceptable lighting program.

VIII. Gait Scoring (6.5): This item is to be scored as pass or fail (50 or zero). Gait scoring should be done between 10-14 weeks for light hens, 14-18 weeks for heavy hens, and 10-16 weeks for toms. Gait scoring should not be done on flocks within two week of processing, and in heavy toms greater than 16 weeks of age to minimize potential injury to the birds. Brood barns should not be gait scored. Gait scoring is to be done by walking about 1/3 of the barn within 10 -15 feet of the side walls, typically between a feed line and the side wall. Turkeys that are candidates for euthanasia or should have been euthanized are not to be included in the gait score count.






Percent0%0%0%0%0%0%

0%


Nutrition and Feeding

0000

0

620 0

100220

0

1/0/00

ManagementTraining

TOTALS

0

0 0

Comfort and ShelterOn-Farm Best Practices


AREA

0

Programs



TURKEY MEAT BIRD ANIMAL CARE AUDIT CHECKLISTCommercial Turkey Production

0


On-Farm Best Management Practices

CATEGORY



0

0



1.0 Management 80

1.1 Management commitment to welfare


animal welfare practices.Identify designated person or management group 20 0


1.3 Adequate Diet and Nutrition

Feed formulated to prevent predictable signs of nutritional

deficiency and to promote good health and desired production.

Diet reviewed by professional turkey nutritionist. Feed mill follows Good Manufacturing Practices 20 0




concerns.



20 0

2.0 Training 60


Documentation


birds.



30 0

2.2 Euthanasia Training and Documentation


euthanasia




3.0 Programs 80


Company should have a written plan for emergency response

and recovery, including but not limited to structural damage,

natural disasters, live bird transportation emergencies and

utility outages. Plan should include system or procedure to provide adequate ventilation in

the event of power failure.

Verify the company has a written plan. Verify that employees have access to emergency contacts' phone

numbers. Verify emergency ventilation system.30 0

3.2 Health A disease prevention program is followed.

Verify disease prevention program documentation (i.e.. Vaccination Program) 20 0

3.3 BiosecurityA written biosecurity program with defined procedures is in

place. Verify biosecurity program is documented and followed. 20 0

3.4 Feed Withdrawal Maintain well-being Company/Processor must have written program describing feed withdrawal communication process with grower. Feed

withdrawal should not exceed 12 hours prior to loading.10 0



4.0 Nutrition and Feeding 80

4.1 Access to Drinking Water

Birds have access to drinking water.

Meets requirements as specified by company/facility program. 40 0

4.2 Access to Feed Adequate access for all birds. Meets requirements as specified by company/facility program. 40 0

5.0 Comfort & Shelter 100

5.1 Housing Condition

Protects birds from anticipated environmental conditions.

Verify that birds are not being injured by conditions in the house. 20 0

5.2 Pest Control Pest control program should be in place.

Verify company program and implementation. See auditor guidance materials. 20 0

5.3 VentilationVentilation systems provide

quality air; noxious gases are minimized.

Verify system to provide ventilation. Ammonia standard is less than 25 ppm and measured at bird level. Auditor will measure ammonia with mutually agreed upon equipment.

20 0

5.4 Litter Moisture Litter Moisture not excessive

Litter (a sampling of five locations located in the middle of the house, not directly under a feeder or drinker) is loosely

compacted in the hand when squeezed; birds are not excessively wet or dirty. Exception: Use of evaporative

misters for cooling of birds in hot weather may cause caked litter. This is allowed.

40 0



6.0 On-Farm Best Practices 220

6.1 Inspection/Record

keepingInspect flocks and barns daily.

Verification of barn inspection can be confirmed by up-to-date mortality records, mortality is removed daily. In

absence of disease, greater than .025% (1/3000) decomposing carcasses per house is not acceptable.

60 0

6.2 On-Farm Euthanasia

Birds that are unable to reach food and water, are mortally

injured, or have broken bones must be euthanized. Such birds should be euthanized after daily

inspection.

Company approved euthanasia method is used. Methods need to be AVMA approved and used in accordance with

NTF Guidelines for Euthanasia of Turkeys. Ask caretaker to describe proper euthanasia technique or demonstrate with a cull bird. Confirmation of death is required prior to carcass

disposal. See the accompanying sliding scale for point allocations. IF ALLOCATED POINTS ARE DETERMINED

TO BE ZERO (0), THIS IS A MAJOR NON-CONFORMANCE AND WILL RESULT IN AUTOMATIC


70 0

6.3 Lighting Program

Company has lighting program in place that promotes turkey well

being.

Verify company has lighting program in place including a minimum 4 hours of dark/reduced light . 20 0

6.4 Roaming Space

Birds free to roam throughout the growing area. Birds can stand up, sit down and spread their

wings

Observe that birds are free to express normal behaviors. 20 0



6.5 Gait Scoring

No more than 3% of hens or 7% of toms in the barn show

difficulty walking (walking with a limp making awkward

movements, but being able to walk at least 5 feet.)

The producer must have performed the daily inspection of the barn before the audit, and any birds that are unable to

walk must have been humanely and immediately euthanized. Slowly walk through a representative 1/3 of the barn and record the number of birds that walk with a limp

making awkward movements, but that are still able to walk at least 5 feet.

50 0

7.0 Automatic Failure Items 0






0 0

Catching and Transport

Auditor Guidelines for Conducting the NTF Turkey Catching and Transport Animal Care Audit

Checklist I. Definitions:

a. Auditor: Person(s) performing the auditb. Auditee: Company being auditedc. Audit Sponsor: Organization that owns the audit tool and is responsible for

revisions and clarification.d. Audit Customer: The company/organization that is requiring the auditee to

be audited.

II. Pre-audit communication between the auditor and auditee is mandatory to reduceconfusion and potential conflict during the audit. This can be done electronically orby phone. Err on the side of over communication. If there are multiple locations, theauditor must ensure that all facility managers are informed of the audit plan. If acomplex or company-wide audit is to be completed, it should be agreed to duringthe pre-audit discussion on how the whole audit score will be determined (Example:Multiple grow-out facility scores will be averaged to get one grow-out score for thecomplex).

III. Auditor Expectations. It is assumed that an auditor will have a basic knowledge ofturkey production and behavior. The welfare of the animal is the first priority.

IV. Facilities to audit. Given that most operations have multiple production facilitiesand may raise hens and toms on separate farms, the auditor and auditee mustdiscuss and agree on:

a. Number of farmsb. Which farms to visitc. Which houses to observe on the farmd. Which type of houses (Brood, Grow/Finish)

In some cases the audit sponsor and/or the audit customer may need to be consulted for direction on the above items prior to the audit. Regardless, company biosecurity and management requirements must be adhered to, including shower in/shower out requirements. Some farms may be ineligible for auditing under order of the company veterinarian or live production manager due to disease or other extenuating circumstances. Be sure to get driving directions and don’t rely on GPS addresses in rural areas. Confirm the local time zone.

Audit Tool Guidance for Specific Criteria:

I. Driving and Herding (2.1) – Turkeys should be driven or herded in a steady and calmmanner. Use of flags or other material can be used to wave and make noise, but must strikethe birds. Wing flapping is normal. What should not be observed is personnel intentionallydriving turkeys causing piling and climbing over each other. Personnel may use their legs togently nudge birds, but kicking is not allowed. Non-ambulatory birds must be carried withat least two points of contact. Both wings may be used only if the carry points are betweenthe body of the bird and the first joint. One wing or leg is not allowed.

II. Manual cooping (2.2) – Methods for manual cooping vary within the industry a d dependon the size of turkeys being handled. Two points of contact are to be used. Examples: tailand wing, tail and neck, wing and leg. One leg, one wing, just the neck is not acceptable.Reasonable force is used to get the birds to the back of the cage, but excessive force thatcauses injury must not be used. Auditor must inspect the trailer being loaded to verify thatcage doors are closed and that no leg(s) or wing(s) are caught or protruding.

III. Auto Loader cooping (2.3) – When an auto loader is being used, the operator must be surethat there are no turkeys on their backs. The auto loader must not be used to push birds tothe far side of the cage. The pre-loader belt and the main loader belt must be properlysynchronized so that no piling up occurs at this point. Auditor must inspect the trailer beingloaded to verify that cage doors are closed and that no leg(s) or wing(s) are caught orprotruding.

IV. Poult Transfer cooping (2.4) – Methods for moving poults vary. Auditor must verify thatno abusive acts such as kicking, throwing, hitting, or any other intentional abuse is seen.Auditor must inspect the trailer being loaded to verify that cage doors are closed and thatno leg(s) or wing(s) are caught or protruding.

V. Poult Transfer unloading (2.5) – Methods of unloading poults vary. Depending on thetype of trailer or conveyance, poults may be dropped distances of several feet. Thecompany/farm must have a method of monitoring injuries and DOA’s and general welfare ofthe flocks that are moved. This may be as formal documentation or may be a simple verbalreporting system. Auditor must verify that no abusive acts such as kicking, throwing,hitting, or any other intentional abuse is seen.

VI. Equipment Repair (3.1) – In a sample of available live-haul to market trailers, up to 5depending on availability, there should be no broken wires pointing into the coop, nobroken floors for legs to go through, and no holes large enough for bird to escape. Turkeyloaders are to be inspected and verified that they are in good condition so as not to causeinjury to the birds.






Percent0%0%

0%0%

0%



AREA

425 0

TrainingCatching and Transport

TOTALS

Catching and Transport1000

Equipment & Seasonal Accomodation

00

00


0


TURKEY CATCH AND TRANSPORT ANIMAL CARE AUDIT CHECKLISTTurkey Catching and Transportation

0

CATEGORY



0

0 1/0/00

0 0

0

Automatic Failure Items



1.0 Training 150

1.1 Management Commitment to

Welfare


Company animal welfare practices.

Identify designated person or management group 30 0

1.2 Catch Crew Training

Catch crew has been trained annually in the company/farm welfare and catching/loading

program.

Verify employee training of welfare and catching/ loading methods. 50 0

1.2 Truck Driver training

Drivers have been trained annually* in the company/farm welfare program and over the

road welfare and safety program.

Verify over the road driver training and presence of over the road emergency procedures and contact information. 50 0




concerns.



20 0



2.0 Catching and Transport 175

2.1 Driving (Herding) Appropriate handling throughout movement of birds from farm to

processing

For these observations auditors must observe the individual activity for approximately 15 minutes. Birds shall not be

intentionally driven on top of other birds. Birds will not be kicked or hit with any solid object. Non-ambulatory birds should be carried by shoulders and/or legs (at least two

points of contact). Zero points shall be awarded if a pattern of non-conformance is observed during the observation

period and corrective action is not taken. For 2.2 through 2.42, record score only for methods undertaken.

75 0

2.2 Manual cooping market birds Handle in a humane manner. Bird is grasped at neck/shoulder and tail and placed

smoothly into coop.0

2.3 Auto loader cooping market

birds

Auto loader loading in a humane manner

No birds on their back, Loader extension belt is not pushing turkeys. Turkeys are not piling up on the belt.

0

2.41 Poult transfer cooping

Cooping/Loading will be done in a humane manner so that

injuries are kept to a minimum

Company/farm has method of reporting and correcting poult moving injuries and DOA’s.

0

2.42 Poult transfer unloading

Unloading will be done in a humane manner so that injuries

are kept to a minimum.

Company/farm has method of reporting and correcting poult moving injuries and DOA’s.

0

2.5 Cage Density Cage Density Density in cages permits turkeys to sit in single layer. 50 0

Open Cages Safe transport Unsecured cage doors on a loaded coop is a major non-conformance and automatic failure. 0 0

50



3.0 Equipment & Seasonal Modification

100

3.1 Equipment Repair Equipment in good repair

In a sample of up to 5 trailers, there should be no broken wires pointing into the coop, no broken floors for legs to go through, or holes large enough for bird to escape. Loader

equipment should be in good repair and working order such that it does not cause injury to birds.

50 0

3.2 Seasonal Accommodation

Minimize hot/cold weather impact as necessary

A written SOP should be available outlining measures implemented for seasonal temperature changes.

Company/farm has a method of reporting and tracking transport DOAs.

50 0







0 0

Slaughter

‘Auditor Guidelines for Conducting the NTF Turkey Slaughter Animal Care Audit Checklist

I. Definitions:a. Auditor: Person(s) performing the auditb. Auditee: Company being auditedc. Audit Sponsor: Organization that owns the audit tool and is responsible for

revisions and clarification.d. Audit Customer: The company/organization that is requiring the auditee to

be audited.

II. Pre-audit communication between the auditor and auditee is mandatory to reduceconfusion and potential conflict during the audit. This can be done electronically orby phone. Err on the side of over communication. If there are multiple locations, theauditor must ensure that all facility managers are informed of the audit plan. If acomplex or company-wide audit is to be completed, it should be agreed to duringthe pre-audit discussion on how the whole audit score will be determined (Example:Multiple grow-out facility scores will be averaged to get one grow-out score for thecomplex). Depending on the scope of the required audit, the slaughter audit may becombined with the Loading and Transport audit, and/or with the live productionaudit. The audit sponsor, auditee, and the auditor must agree on which audits are tobe used during the pre-audit communications.

III. Auditor Expectations. It is assumed that an auditor will have a basic knowledge ofturkey processing. The welfare of the animal is the first priority.

Audit Tool Guidance for Specific Criteria:I. Personnel involved with overseeing and/or handling of turkeys at the slaughter

plant are to be trained annually in good processing plant welfare practices.

II. Annual training is generally meant to mean once each calendar year.

III. The plant must have a written SOP for the holding area. This must include anidentified position or person responsible for the welfare of turkeys in this area.There should also be guidelines for conditions and temperatures for when fans ormisters are to be turned on and off, of other methods of ensuring bird well-being.Monitoring records must be available. Ultimately, the turkeys on the trailers mustappear comfortable and not in distress.

IV. Signs of distress: Panting is the natural way that turkeys cool themselves, and is notnecessarily a sign of distress or harm.

V. Unstunned birds: Some establishments employ systems that stun birds prior toshackling. If a plant employs such a system, do not score “Unstunned birdshackling” section.

VI. When evaluating broken wings the auditor is to examine the wings closely. Brokenwings means broken bone or dislocated joint. A hanging wing by itself is notacceptable criteria due to variations that exist.

VII. No live birds in the DOA container does not include a pen or other transitionalconveyance that temporarily holds the birds until they are either put back on theline or euthanized. It is only for the final disposal container.






Percent0%0%0%

0%0%0%

0%

AUTO FAIL WAS RECORDED DUE TO MAJOR NON-CONFORMANCE IN:

(Will only fill in if an auto failure occurred - audit fails regardless of previous items checked, if indicated)

0 0

0 0

AREA Facility ScoreMaximum Score22560

150

NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATIONTurkey In-Plant Animal Care Audit Checklist


TURKEY SLAUGHTER ANIMAL CARE AUDIT CHECKLISTTurkey Slaughter and Processing

0

CATEGORY



0

0 1/0/00

TOTALS

Management and Training

Holding Yards

Slaughter

660

SlaughterAutomatic Failure Items

100

Holding YardsEquipment & Seasonal Modification

ManagementTraining

0

1250

000

000



1.0 Management 225

1.1 Management Commitment to

Welfare


animal welfare practices.Identify designated person or management group 30 0 0


Plant has an emergency response plan to deal with birds at each step of processing in the

event of emergency.

Verify written emergency response plan. Plan should cover birds at different points of processing (trucks, shackles,

etc.), and account for duration of emergency (short term, long term, etc.)

100 0 0

1.3 In-Plant Euthanasia

The plant has a plan in place to euthanize injured birds according

to the NTF Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Turkeys . In some

circumstances, slaughter process will be the most appropriate method of

euthanasia.

Verify plan is in place. LIVE BIRDS IN ANY FINAL DEAD OR DISPOSAL CONTAINER IS A MAJOR NON-

CONFORMANCE AND WILL RESULT IN AUTOMATIC FAILURE OF THE AUDIT.

75 0 0




concerns.



20 0 0

2.0 Training 60


Documentation


birds.



30 0 0

2.2 Euthanasia Training and

Documentation


euthanasia

Review training program and verify that initial and annual employee and contractor training is documented. 30 0 0



3.0 Holding Yards 150

3.1 Yard Holding Times

Maximum consistent with good slaughter practice.

Holding time should not exceed 24 hours, except for weather emergencies or mechanical issues. If 24 hour limit is

exceeded, document reason. 50 0

3.2 Live Haul Yard On-site individual is responsible for live haul yard. Identify individual in charge of SOPs for the live haul yard. 50

3.3 DOA's Hold DOA's to a minimum. DOA’s at plant should not exceed 1 percent of a 12 month trailing average. Verify use of system to monitor. 50 0

4.0 Equipment & Seasonal

Modification100

4.1 Seasonal Accommodation /

Ventilation

Minimize hot/cold weather impact as necessary.

A written SOP should be available outlining measures implemented for seasonal temperature changes. Ensure

birds are not exhibiting signs of harm or distress.100 0



5.0 Slaughter 125

5.1 Broken Wings (Antemortem)

Personnel and equipment handle birds in a manner that minimizes

broken wings.

Broken wings are monitored before the stunner or before the neck slitter. (Do not observe after the picker.)

The auditor observes 500 wings (250 birds) for protruding bones or wings hanging straight down, which is evidence of

broken or dislocated wings. Calculation: Number of broken/dislocated wings observed

divided by 500, then multiplied by 100 = wing injury percentage.

Points are awarded on sliding scale:0.0 -1% (0-5 wings) = 50

1.01-2% (6-10 wings) = 302.01-3% (11-15 wings ) = 10

>3 % (>15 wings) = 0A wing injury score greater than 3% requires corrective

action.

50 0

5.2 Unstunned Bird Shackling

Birds suspended by both legs, backs toward hanger.

In a sample of 200 unstunned birds, at least 99% of the birds should be correctly positioned in the shackles. 25 0

5.3 Effectiveness of Stun

Birds should be insensible after stun

In a sample of 200 birds, at least 98% of the birds should be correctly stunned. 50 0

5.4 Effectiveness of Kill

Birds should be dead before entering scalder.

In a sample of 200 birds, there should be no sensible birds entering the scalder. Criterion for sensibility is presence of palpebral reflex. LIVE BIRDS OBSERVED ENTERING

THE SCALDER IS A MAJOR NON-CONFORMANCE AND WILL RESULT IN AUTOMATIC FAILURE OF THE AUDIT.

0 0









0 0

Euthanasia

Euthanasia Guidelines

I. Background and Introduction

I. Objectivesa. The Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Turkeys provides information on euthanasia

methods to turkey producers and veterinarians, and is a companion document forthe Animal Care Guidelines for the Production of Turkeys (ACG).

II. Distribution of the Guidelinesa. Members and affiliates of NTF (via NTF website EatTurkey.org)

b. Allied and commodity groups whose interest includes the care of food animals.c. Organizations providing input and expertise on care requirements for food animals.

d. Groups and agencies representing and informing the consuming public on animalcare.

III. Euthanasia Guidelines – A Dynamic, Ongoing Processa. The development of the Euthanasia Guidelines is an evolving, dynamic and ongoing

process. The Euthanasia Guidelines must be up-to-date and reflect the state-of-the-art in animal euthanasia methods. Industry methods of euthanasia can change asnew information and innovations are developed and adopted.

b. Each operation should appropriately incorporate new information and techniquesas they evolve and make decisions based on the NTF-BMP.

c. The Euthanasia Guidelines is a standalone document that provides guidance oncurrent euthanasia methods and serves as a supplement to the Animal CareGuidelines for the Production of Turkeys. Information on relevant governmentagencies and regulations, other animal welfare organizations, and the structure ofthe ACG and Food Safety Best Management Practices (FS-BMP) may be found in theBackground and Introduction to the ACG. General turkey welfare information isavailable in the Appendices of the ACG.

d. The Euthanasia Guidelines should undergo an industry-wide review whenever theACG is updated, which occurs approximately every two years.

IV. Reference Informationa. References:

i. Euthanasia and Slaughter of Livestock, Temple Grandin, Ph.D., Colorado,Journal of the AVMA, Vol 204 (1994) 1354-1360.

ii. Eramus, M.A., Turner, P.V., and Widowski, T.M., 2010, Eramus Et Al.:Measures Used to Asses Insensibility, Poultry Science Association, p. 288-298.

iii. Alphin, R.L., Benson, E.R., Dawson, M.D., Johnson, K.J., Malone, G.W., and Seta,A., 2009, Dawson Et Al.: Monitoring Cessation of Brain Activity, PoultryScience Association, p. 135-142.

iv. Duncan, I.J.H., Erasmus, M.A., Lawlis, P., and Widowski, T.M., 2010,Evaluating On-Farm Killing Methods for Turkeys, Poultry Science, p. 1345-1354.

II. Definition and Purpose

I. Euthanasia is a humane death that occurs with minimum pain and distress.

II. When caring for animals, it is inevitable that some will become ill, debilitated or injured. If abird is unlikely to respond favorably to treatment or if treatment is not feasible because ofpractical or public health considerations, euthanasia may be the best option to prevent thebird from suffering.

III. These guidelines are designed to assist turkey producers and veterinarians in makingappropriate decisions regarding the euthanasia of turkeys.

III. Decision Making Criteria

Questions to be considered in deciding whether an ill, debilitated or injured turkey should be euthanized include:

Is the bird experiencing pain or distress? Is the bird able to access feed and water? Can the bird be treated? Would treatment cause additional pain and distress? Is recovery likely? Is the bird likely to transmit disease to other birds? Is the bird suitable for human consumption or will it be suitable for consumption after

recovery or treatment?

IV. Considerations for Euthanasia Methods

I. Poultry Welfare: The method chosen should minimize the pain and distress experienced bythe turkey. However, the choice of techniques may be limited in certain environments. Withall methods, turkeys should be restrained, if necessary, to ensure effective administration ofeuthanasia.

II. Human Safety: The method chosen should not pose undue risks to the individualperforming the euthanasia. Some methods are more dangerous than others and should onlybe used under controlled conditions with proper equipment and protection.

III. Training: Appropriate training of personnel is essential for all euthanasia methods toensure that turkeys are euthanized appropriately and effectively, while ensuring the safetyof those administrating the euthanasia. Training should be tailored to the specific methodsavailable on a farm.

IV. Aesthetics: Some methods may be visually objectionable to the person performing theprocedure because of blood loss or involuntary reflex movements by the turkey. Personnelthat may euthanize turkeys must be trained to understand how birds respond to particulareuthanasia methods.

V. Limitations: Some methods may be suitable only for certain ages of turkeys.

V. Euthanasia Methods for Poultry

All methods of euthanasia should be administered according to the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition, with exceptions and/or additions as noted. Additional methods of euthanasia beyond those listed here may be available or developed in the future, and should be administered in accordance with the AVMA Guidelines.

Cervical Dislocation: Carried out near the head area, dislocation of the neck vertebrae fromthe cranium damages the lower brain region, causing rapid unconsciousness. In order to behumane, dislocation must cause severance of the brain from the spinal cord. Training ofpersonnel is critical for appropriate administration of the method. Any cervical dislocationprocedure should be carried out swiftly and effectively. Cervical dislocation can be carriedout either manually or via the assistance of a tool at the discretion of the operator. Flappingand other postmortem reflex body movements may persist for several minutes aftercervical dislocation. Turkeys should be restrained, if necessary, to ensure effectiveadministration of this method.

Gas Euthanasia: Turkeys can be euthanized by being placed in containers that aresufficiently airtight to maintain the gas at desired concentration. Any gas method shouldresult in rapid onset of anesthesia with subsequent death. Death should occur in 2-5minutes depending on the age of the turkeys, the number of turkeys placed in the gaschamber, and the concentration of gas used (refer to AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia ofAnimals: 2013 Edition for specific information on gas concentrations).

Depending on how many birds are being euthanized, use of a circulation system may be necessary to ensure that the gas does not become stratified. To meet the criteria for humane euthanasia, birds already in the chamber must be unconscious before being overlain by other birds loaded after them, and unconsciousness must be maintained until death occurs. Note: It is especially important to confirm death when birds are euthanized using gas, since they can appear dead, but then regain consciousness.

Blunt Force Trauma to the Head: A sharp blow to the head with a blunt instrument orcaptive bolt system can be used to euthanize turkeys. The blow must land with appropriateforce and be properly placed such that the initial blow results in swift and effectiveunconsciousness and death. As with other methods, appropriate training and evaluationare essential. Turkeys should be restrained, if necessary, to ensure effective administrationof this method.

o Manually Applied — Although effective, manually applied blunt force traumapresents challenges regarding aesthetics. NTF encourages those using manuallyapplied blunt force trauma to the head to search for alternative methods. However,NTF also recognizes that there are situations where other methods may beunavailable or impractical.

o Mechanical — Purpose-built captive-bolt systems, and other devices, must be usedin accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Anesthetic Overdose: This method is available through and used under the direction of alicensed veterinarian. Refer to AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition.

Maceration: Maceration causes immediate fragmentation and death of neonatal poultryand embryonated eggs. A review of the use of commercially available macerators foreuthanasia of chicks, poults, and pipped eggs indicates that death by maceration in neonatalpoultry occurs immediately with minimal pain and distress.

VI. Confirmation of Loss of Consciousness and Death

Confirmation of death is critical regardless of the method chosen. Turkeys must be observed after administration to ensure that death occurs, and additional euthanasia procedures must be employed for any turkey showing signs of recovery.

The cessation of reflexes in the head area can be used to confirm loss of consciousness:o Lack of response to a hard pinch delivered to the snoodo Lack of blink reflex when the eye is touched

The following signs can be used to confirm death:o Cessation of respirationo Cessation of heartbeat

The operator must confirm death before disposal. For most methods of euthanasia, a recommended follow-up time of approximately five minutes can ensure that any bird showing signs of recovery is identified and euthanized.

VII. Mass Depopulation

Under unusual conditions, such as disease eradication and natural disasters, euthanasia options may be limited or not practical. In these situations, the most appropriate technique that minimizes human and animal health concerns must be used. These options include, but are not limited to, gases or physical methods such as gun shot, penetrating captive bolt, cervical dislocation, and the use of a water-based foam as outlined by “USDA APHIS Performance Standards for the Use of Water-Based Foam as a Method of Mass Depopulation of Domestic Poultry” and approved by AVMA as a poultry depopulation method.

VIII. Monitor and Feedback Forms

Personnel involved in the euthanasia of animals must be trained in appropriate euthanasia methods and be provided with any equipment that might be necessary for euthanizing sick or injured birds. A written action plan for routine and emergency euthanasia should be developed and followed whenever birds are handled. Since improved euthanasia methods for poultry are constantly under development, the action plan should be reviewed and updated regularly to incorporate these new methods as appropriate. It is very important to have a plan, oversee and update the plan, and evaluate the oversight of the plan. It is also recommended that documentation related to training and qualifications be kept and made available as necessary.

IX. NTF Animal Care – Euthanasia Action PlanThe euthanasia form below is an example outline for operations that do not have reporting

forms in place.

Farm Name:

Date:

Drafted by:

Place Method of Choice Alternative Method

Hatchery

Poults

Larger Turkeys

Post this plan in a centralized area as a guideline for euthanasia of turkeys on your farm. Remember that only trained, competent employees should be allowed to euthanize animals, and that the plan should be reviewed during training and on an annual basis.

animal care guidelines - eatturkey.com animal care guidelines.pdfconfirm the local time zone. ......

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