animal behavior mrs. rightler. methods of study comparative psychology ethology behavioral ecology...
TRANSCRIPT
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Animal Behavior
Mrs. Rightler
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Methods of Study
Comparative psychologyEthologyBehavioral ecologySociobiology
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Instinct
Basic set of behaviors present at birth
May need a triggerBehavior improves or changes
with experience
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Maturation
Behavior seen after a period of development has occurred
Improvement or change not based on experience but on time
Ex. Tadpole swimming techniques
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Imprinting
Konrad LorenzCritical time period ONLYYoung animal develops
attachment to another animal or object
Rapid learning
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Learning
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Habituation
Animal trained to ignore stimuliDog examples
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Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s dogAnimal learns to respond to
particular stimuliBasic obedience training
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Instrumental Conditioning
Trial-and-error learningSkinner BoxBehavior can be “shaped”
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Latent Learning
Exploratory learningNo obvious rewardHelps animal learn about its
surroundings
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Insight Learning
Animal uses experiences and thinking to solve problems.
Tool usePrimates
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Behavior is Controlled by:
Nervous systemEndocrine system
– Organizational effects– Activational effects
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Animal Communication
Transfer of information from one animal to the other (both must be mutually adapted)
VisualAuditoryTacticleChemical
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Behavioral Ecology
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Habitat Selection
Two factors influence habitat choice– Physiological– Psychological
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Finding Food
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Foraging Behavior
Process of locating food resources
Cost vs. benefit analysis– Handling time– Nutritional value– Status value– Concentration/density
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Specialists vs. Generalist
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Social Behavior
Members of the same speciesUsually live full-time in groupsCan refer to predator-prey
interactions
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Group Living
Animal society – stable group of individuals of the same species that have cooperative relationships outside of mating and raising young.
Invertebrates and vertebrates
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Advantages to Group Life
Protection from predatorsIncrease feeding efficiencyProtection from elementsEasy access to potential mates
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Mating Behavior
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Disadvantages of Group Life
Competition for resourcesDiseasesParasites
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Aggression
Agonistic behaviorAttacksThreat displaysMaintains territoryMaintains dominance hierarchy
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Altruism
Individual sacrifices reproductive potential for the benefit of others in the group– Honeybees– Turkeys– Naked mole rats
Kin selection