anemias leukemias professor yu.i. bondarenko. anemia
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SCHEME OF BLOOD FORMATIONTRANSCRIPT
ANEMIASANEMIASLEUKEMIASLEUKEMIAS
Professor Yu.I. BondarenkoProfessor Yu.I. Bondarenko
ANEMIAANEMIA
SCHEME OF BLOOD SCHEME OF BLOOD FORMATIONFORMATION
DEFINITION OF ANEMIADEFINITION OF ANEMIA AnemiaAnemia is decrease of is decrease of
erythrocytes amount and erythrocytes amount and hemoglobin contents in unite hemoglobin contents in unite of of blood volume which is blood volume which is accompanied also with accompanied also with qualitative changes of qualitative changes of erythrocyteserythrocytes
Pathogenic classification of Pathogenic classification of anemiasanemias
1. 1. Posthemorrhagic anemiaPosthemorrhagic anemia
2. 2. Hemolytic anemiaHemolytic anemia
3. 3. Anemia as a result Anemia as a result insufficiency insufficiency of blood of blood formationformation
Acute posthemorrhagic Acute posthemorrhagic anemiaanemia ReasonsReasons::
1. 1. Wounding of vesselsWounding of vessels 2. 2. Gastro-intestinal Gastro-intestinal
bleedingbleeding 3. 3. DysmenorrheaDysmenorrhea 4. 4. Bleeding stomach ulcerBleeding stomach ulcer 5. 5. Lung tuberculosisLung tuberculosis
Chronical posthemorrhagic Chronical posthemorrhagic anemiaanemia
CausesCauses::1. 1. Stomach ulcerStomach ulcer2. 2. Stomach tumorStomach tumor3. 3. HemorrhoidHemorrhoid4. 4. Uterine bleedingUterine bleeding5. 5. Renal bleedingRenal bleeding6. 6. Nose bleedingNose bleeding By colour indexBy colour index - - hypochromichypochromic
Equired hemolytic anemiaEquired hemolytic anemia 1. 1. Toxic Toxic 2. 2. Immune Immune 3. 3. Mechanical Mechanical 4. Equired membranopathy4. Equired membranopathy
Toxic hemolyticToxic hemolytic anemiaanemia Poisoning by hemolytic poisonsPoisoning by hemolytic poisons:: ArsineArsine Acetic leadAcetic lead PhosphorusPhosphorus NitrobenzeneNitrobenzene PhenylhydrazinePhenylhydrazine Biliary acidsBiliary acids Mushroom poisonMushroom poison Snake venomSnake venom
ImmuneImmune hemolytic anemiahemolytic anemia1. 1. Autoimmune anemia Autoimmune anemia
2. 2. Posttrasfusion Posttrasfusion anemiaanemia а) а) transfusion oftransfusion of АВ0- АВ0-uncompatibleuncompatible
bloodblood б) б) transfusiontransfusion of Rhof Rh- - uncompatibleuncompatible bloodblood
3. 3. Hemolytic anemia of new-born Hemolytic anemia of new-born
Equired hemolytic anemiaEquired hemolytic anemia ReticulocytosisReticulocytosis
EquiredEquired hemolytichemolytic anemiaanemia ReticulocytosisReticulocytosis
HereditaryHereditary hemolytichemolytic anemiaanemia 1. 1. EnzymopathyEnzymopathy
2. 2. HemohlobinopathyHemohlobinopathy
3. 3. MembranopathyMembranopathy
EnzymopathiesEnzymopathies1. 1. Deficit ofDeficit of glucosoglucoso-6--6- dehydrogenasedehydrogenase
2. 2. Deficit ofDeficit of pyruvate pyruvate kinasekinase
Medicine drug causeMedicine drug cause hemolysehemolysein thein the GG-6--6-PhDGPhDG insuficiencyinsuficiency
SulfanilamidesSulfanilamides AntimalaricAntimalaric drugsdrugs Aminosalycilic acidAminosalycilic acid PhenacetinPhenacetin VitaminesVitamines CC andand KK Aspirin Aspirin in largein large dosesdoses
Hemolytic anemiaHemolytic anemia due todue to pyruvate kinasepyruvate kinase insefficiency.insefficiency.
ReticulocytosisReticulocytosis
HemohlobinopathiesHemohlobinopathies Sickle-cellSickle-cell anemiaanemia
ThalassemiaThalassemia:: αα--thalassemiathalassemia ßß--thalassemiathalassemia
Sickle-cellSickle-cell anemiaanemia - - bloodblood
Sickle-cell anemiaSickle-cell anemia – – bloodblood::at the leftat the left – – sicklesickle erythrocyteserythrocytesat the rightat the right – – testtest toto hypoxiahypoxia
MinorMinor ( (heterozygoticheterozygotic) ) thalassemiathalassemia – – bloodblood
Minor Minor ((HeterozygoticHeterozygotic) ) thalassemiathalassemia – – bloodblood
MajorMajor ( (HomozygoticHomozygotic) ) thalassemiathalassemia – – bloodblood
MajorMajor ( (homozygotichomozygotic)) Cooley’sCooley’s anemia anemia – – bloodblood
MembranopathiesMembranopathies HereditaryHereditary microspherocytosismicrospherocytosis HereditaryHereditary eliptocytosiseliptocytosis HereditaryHereditary pyropoikilocytosispyropoikilocytosis HereditaryHereditary stomatocytosisstomatocytosis HereditaryHereditary acanthocytosisacanthocytosis HereditaryHereditary echinocytosisechinocytosis
Membranopathy Membranopathy HereditaryHereditary microspherocytosismicrospherocytosis - -
bloodblood
MembranopathyMembranopathy HereditaryHereditary eliptocytosiseliptocytosis – – bloodblood
MegaloblastesMegaloblastes. . Megalocytes.Jolly’s bodiesMegalocytes.Jolly’s bodies. .
Cabot’s rings.Cabot’s rings.
LEUKEMIALEUKEMIA
Leukemia definitionLeukemia definitionLeukemiaLeukemia – – it is tumor it is tumor arisingarising from from bloodforming cells and bloodforming cells and primary lesionprimary lesion bone bone marrowmarrow
Classification of leukemiasClassification of leukemias Acute leukemiasAcute leukemias
myeloblasticmyeloblastic lymphoblasticlymphoblastic
ChronicalChronical leukemiasleukemias myeloidmyeloid lynphoidlynphoid
AcuteAcute myeloblasticmyeloblastic leukemiasleukemiasUndifferentiatedUndifferentiatedMyeloblasticMyeloblastic withoutwithout maturingmaturingMyeloblasticMyeloblastic withwith maturingmaturing PromyelocyticPromyelocyticMyelomonoblasticMyelomonoblasticMonoblasticMonoblasticErythroblasticErythroblasticMegacaryoblasticMegacaryoblastic
HistochemicalHistochemical signssigns of of differentiation ofdifferentiation of acute acute
leukemiasleukemias1. 1. Reaction for peroxidaseReaction for peroxidase 2. 2. Reaction for acidity phosphataseReaction for acidity phosphatase3. 3. Reaction for uncpecificReaction for uncpecific
esterasesesterases4. 4. Reaction for lipidesReaction for lipides5. 5. Reaction for Reaction for compoudcompoud
carbohydratescarbohydrates
ReactionReaction of myeloblastesof myeloblastes andand other of neutrophil cellsother of neutrophil cells for for
peroxidase peroxidase
Reaction of monoblastesReaction of monoblastes forfor αα--naphtylacetateestherasenaphtylacetateestherase
Reaction of myeloblastes and Reaction of myeloblastes and monoblastesmonoblastes forfor acidityacidity
phosphatasephosphatase
Acute lymphoblasticAcute lymphoblastic leukemialeukemia - - bloodblood
AcuteAcute В- В-lymphoblastosislymphoblastosis – – bone bone marrowmarrow
BigBig vacuolizedvacuolized lymphoblasteslymphoblastes
Acute lymphoblasticAcute lymphoblastic leukemialeukemia – – bone marrrowbone marrrow
Acute lymphoblasticAcute lymphoblastic leukemialeukemia – – bone marrrow. Initial stagebone marrrow. Initial stage. .
Acute lymphoblastosisAcute lymphoblastosis – – bone bone marrow.marrow. TotalTotal lymphoblasticlymphoblastic
metaplasiametaplasia
ChronicalChronical myeloidmyeloid leukemiasleukemias MyelocyticMyelocytic MonocyticMonocytic EosinophilicEosinophilic ErythroblasticErythroblastic MegacaryocyticMegacaryocytic
ChronicalChronical myelocytic leukemiamyelocytic leukemia – – bloodblood. . ChronicalChronical phasephase
ChronicalChronical myelocytic leukemiamyelocytic leukemia – – bloodblood..
ChronicalChronical myelocytic leukemiamyelocytic leukemia – – bloodblood
Stage of blastic crisisStage of blastic crisis
Chronical lymphoidChronical lymphoid leukemiasleukemias В-В-lymphocyticlymphocytic Т- Т- lymphocyticlymphocytic (1,5 %) (1,5 %) HaircellHaircell
ChronicalChronical В- В-cellcell lymphocyticlymphocytic leukemialeukemia - - bloodblood
ChronicalChronical lymphocyticlymphocytic leukemialeukemia – – blood. Gumprecht’s bodies.blood. Gumprecht’s bodies.
ChronicalChronical lymphocyticlymphocytic leukemialeukemia – – bone marrowbone marrow. . TotalTotal lymphoidlymphoid
metaplasia.metaplasia.
ChronicalChronical lymphocyticlymphocytic leukemialeukemia – – bone marrowbone marrow. . TotalTotal lymphoidlymphoid
metaplasia.metaplasia.
Chronical haircell leukemiaChronical haircell leukemia - - bloodblood
Chronical haircell leukemiaChronical haircell leukemia - - bloodblood
Haircell leukemiaHaircell leukemia - - bloodblood. . Reaction forReaction for acidityacidity phosphatasephosphatase
Chronical monocytic leukemiaChronical monocytic leukemia - - bloodblood
Mechanisms of cellular Mechanisms of cellular oncogenes activatingoncogenes activating
Point mutationsPoint mutationsChromosomal abnormalitiesChromosomal abnormalitiesVirualVirual transductiontransductionInsertionInsertion mutagenesismutagenesisGenesGenes amplificationamplification
ClinicalClinical manifestation ofmanifestation of leukemialeukemia
Metaplastic anemiaMetaplastic anemiaThrombocytopeniaThrombocytopeniaHemorrhagicHemorrhagic syndromesyndromeSecondarySecondary
immunedeficiencyimmunedeficiencyDecreaseDecrease of resistanceof resistance