anemia inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or both. signs/symptoms: fatigue, dyspnea...
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AnemiaAnemia
Inadequate number of red blood cells, Inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or both.hemoglobin or both.
Signs/Symptoms:Signs/Symptoms:
Fatigue, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), rapid Fatigue, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), rapid heart rateheart rate
CausesCauses
Blood lossBlood loss
Iron deficiency-cannot form hemoglobinIron deficiency-cannot form hemoglobin
Sickle-cell Sickle-cell
Enlarged erythrocytesEnlarged erythrocytes
Injury to or destruction of bone marrowInjury to or destruction of bone marrow
TreatmentsTreatments
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Iron supplementsIron supplements
Vitamin B12 injectionsVitamin B12 injections
AneurysmAneurysm
Ballooning out, or saclike formation on an artery wallBallooning out, or saclike formation on an artery wall
Causes: Causes: Disease, congenital defects, injuries, high blood Disease, congenital defects, injuries, high blood
pressurepressureAny condition that causes arterial walls to Any condition that causes arterial walls to
weaken or deteriorate can result in an weaken or deteriorate can result in an aneurysm. aneurysm.
Signs/Symptoms:Signs/Symptoms: PainPain PressurePressure Rupture: hemorrhaging and deathRupture: hemorrhaging and death Sometimes there are no symptomsSometimes there are no symptoms
Common sites: Common sites:
Cerebral, aortal, abdominal arteriesCerebral, aortal, abdominal arteries
TreatmentTreatment
Surgically removing the damaged area of Surgically removing the damaged area of blood vessel and replacing it with a plastic blood vessel and replacing it with a plastic graft or another blood vessel. graft or another blood vessel.
ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis
Hardening or thickening of the arterial walls, Hardening or thickening of the arterial walls, resulting in a loss of elasticity and resulting in a loss of elasticity and contractilitycontractility
Causes high blood pressure (hypertension), Causes high blood pressure (hypertension), and can lead to an aneurysm and can lead to an aneurysm
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
Fatty plaque (cholesterol) lines the walls of the Fatty plaque (cholesterol) lines the walls of the arteries causing blockagearteries causing blockage
Causes a decrease in blood flowCauses a decrease in blood flowIf plaque breaks loose, it can circulate through If plaque breaks loose, it can circulate through
the bloodstream as emboli.the bloodstream as emboli.Treatment: angioplasty, atherectomy, stent, Treatment: angioplasty, atherectomy, stent,
low cholesterol diet, bypass if complete low cholesterol diet, bypass if complete blockageblockage
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Heart muscle do not beat adequately to Heart muscle do not beat adequately to supply the blood needs of the body. supply the blood needs of the body.
Symptoms: Symptoms: Edema, dyspnea, pallor, weak and rapid Edema, dyspnea, pallor, weak and rapid
pulse, cough with pink, frothy sputum.pulse, cough with pink, frothy sputum.Treatment: Treatment: Diuretics, oxygen therapy, bedrest, low-Diuretics, oxygen therapy, bedrest, low-
sodium dietsodium diet
EmbolusEmbolus
Foreign substance circulating in the Foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream. bloodstream.
Can be air, blood clot, bacterial clump, fat, etc. Can be air, blood clot, bacterial clump, fat, etc.
Can enter an artery or capillary that is too Can enter an artery or capillary that is too small and cause blockagesmall and cause blockage
HypertensionHypertension
High blood pressureHigh blood pressure Systolic pressure higher than 140Systolic pressure higher than 140 Diastolic pressure higher than 90. Diastolic pressure higher than 90.
140/90140/90