anemia
TRANSCRIPT
Kusuma Neela Bolla M.Sc, M.B.ADept. Appiled Nutrition
Golden Guidelines to prevent anemia
Life Span Development
Anemia is a major killer in India.
Statistics reveal that every second Indian woman is anemic
One in every five maternal deaths is directly due to anemia.
Anemia affects both adults and children of both sexes, although
pregnant women and adolescent girls are most susceptible and most
affected by this disease.
As per National Family Health Survey, more than half of women in
India (55%) have anemia, including 39% with mid anemia, 15% with
moderate anemia, 2% were severe anemic.
Nearly 50-80% of Indian mothers are iron deficiency.
Young children 40-50%
Non pregnant women’s 35%
Definition defined as a decrease in the
amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
It can also be defined as a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
There are more than 400 types of Anemia currently known
Based on clinical picture- Iron deficiency anemia. Megaloblastic anemia. Pernicious anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia. Hemolytic anemia. -Thalassemia anemia -Sickle cell anemia Aplastic anemia Hematocrit Anemia
Types
Causes Blood loss Decreased production or production of faulty red blood cells. The destruction (breakdown) of red
blood cells.
Symptoms of anemia
The most common symptom of anemia, regardless of type, is a feeling of fatigue and a lack of energy. Other common symptoms of anemia may include:
Paleness of skin Fast or irregular heartbeat Shortness of breath Chest pain Headache Light-headedness
In mild cases of anemia, individuals have little to no symptoms. Some forms of anemia can have specific symptoms unique to their type:
Aplastic anemia - fever, frequent infections, and skin rashes Folic acid deficiency anemia - irritability, diarrhea, and a smooth tongue Hemolytic anemia - jaundice, dark colored urine, fever, and abdominal
pains Sickle cell anemia - painful swelling of the feet and hands, fatigue, and
jaundice
signs
Normal range: Birth: 13.5 to 24.0 g/dl (mean 16.5 g/dl) Age <1 month: 10.0 to 20.0 g/dl (mean 13.9 g/dl) Age 1-2 months: 10.0 to 18.0 g/dl (mean 11.2 g/dl) Age 2-6 months: 9.5 to 14.0 g/dl (mean 12.6 g/dl) Age 0.5 to 2 years: 10.5 to 13.5 g/dl (mean 12.0 g/dl) Age 2 to 6 years: 11.5 to 13.5 g/dl (mean 12.5 g/dl) Age 6-12 years: 11.5 to 15.5 g/dl (mean 13.5) Female
Age 12-18 years: 12.0 to 16.0 g/dl (mean 14.0 g/dl) Age >18 years: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dl (mean 14.0 g/dl)
Male Age 12-18 years: 13.0 to 16.0 g/dl (mean 14.5 g/dl) Age >18 years: 13.6 to 17.7 g/dl (mean 15.5 g/dl)
Diagnosis
Hemoglobin test
Hemoglobin levels Hematocrit Mean corpuscular
hemoglobin
Severity of Anemia
Mild 9.5-13.0g/dlModerate 8-9.5g/dlSever > 8.0g/dl
Diet Therapy - IRON This mineral plays a key role in the blood’s
distribution of Oxygen to the body. A serious shortage of iron- iron deficiency anemia. Produce fatigue, impaired immunity.
Iron is found in red meat, poultry, fish, egg yolks, legumes, nuts, dried fruits, leafy greens and foods such as fortified breakfast cereals bread and pasta.
There are 2 types of iron foods Haem iron, Non Haem iron.
A balanced Food pyramid
Be Physically Active
Intentional exercise Walking Running Cycling Swimming
Active lifestyle Take the stairs Walk to work Sit less, move more
THANK YOU