Kusuma Neela Bolla M.Sc, M.B.ADept. Appiled Nutrition

Golden Guidelines to prevent anemia

Life Span Development

Anemia is a major killer in India.

Statistics reveal that every second Indian woman is anemic

One in every five maternal deaths is directly due to anemia.

Anemia affects both adults and children of both sexes, although

pregnant women and adolescent girls are most susceptible and most

affected by this disease.

As per National Family Health Survey, more than half of women in

India (55%) have anemia, including 39% with mid anemia, 15% with

moderate anemia, 2% were severe anemic.

Nearly 50-80% of Indian mothers are iron deficiency.

Young children 40-50%

Non pregnant women’s 35%

Definition defined as a decrease in the

amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.

It can also be defined as a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

There are more than 400 types of Anemia currently known

Based on clinical picture- Iron deficiency anemia. Megaloblastic anemia. Pernicious anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia. Hemolytic anemia. -Thalassemia anemia -Sickle cell anemia Aplastic anemia Hematocrit Anemia

Types

Causes Blood loss Decreased production or production of faulty red blood cells. The destruction (breakdown) of red

blood cells.

Symptoms of anemia

The most common symptom of anemia, regardless of type, is a feeling of fatigue and a lack of energy. Other common symptoms of anemia may include:

Paleness of skin Fast or irregular heartbeat Shortness of breath Chest pain Headache Light-headedness

In mild cases of anemia, individuals have little to no symptoms. Some forms of anemia can have specific symptoms unique to their type:

Aplastic anemia - fever, frequent infections, and skin rashes Folic acid deficiency anemia - irritability, diarrhea, and a smooth tongue Hemolytic anemia - jaundice, dark colored urine, fever, and abdominal

pains Sickle cell anemia - painful swelling of the feet and hands, fatigue, and

jaundice

signs

Normal range: Birth: 13.5 to 24.0 g/dl (mean 16.5 g/dl) Age <1 month: 10.0 to 20.0 g/dl (mean 13.9 g/dl) Age 1-2 months: 10.0 to 18.0 g/dl (mean 11.2 g/dl) Age 2-6 months: 9.5 to 14.0 g/dl (mean 12.6 g/dl) Age 0.5 to 2 years: 10.5 to 13.5 g/dl (mean 12.0 g/dl) Age 2 to 6 years: 11.5 to 13.5 g/dl (mean 12.5 g/dl) Age 6-12 years: 11.5 to 15.5 g/dl (mean 13.5) Female

Age 12-18 years: 12.0 to 16.0 g/dl (mean 14.0 g/dl) Age >18 years: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dl (mean 14.0 g/dl)

Male Age 12-18 years: 13.0 to 16.0 g/dl (mean 14.5 g/dl) Age >18 years: 13.6 to 17.7 g/dl (mean 15.5 g/dl)

Diagnosis

Hemoglobin test

Hemoglobin levels Hematocrit Mean corpuscular

hemoglobin

Severity of Anemia

Mild 9.5-13.0g/dlModerate 8-9.5g/dlSever > 8.0g/dl

Diet Therapy - IRON This mineral plays a key role in the blood’s

distribution of Oxygen to the body. A serious shortage of iron- iron deficiency anemia. Produce fatigue, impaired immunity.

Iron is found in red meat, poultry, fish, egg yolks, legumes, nuts, dried fruits, leafy greens and foods such as fortified breakfast cereals bread and pasta.

There are 2 types of iron foods Haem iron, Non Haem iron.

A balanced Food pyramid

Be Physically Active

Intentional exercise Walking Running Cycling Swimming

Active lifestyle Take the stairs Walk to work Sit less, move more

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