android real-life architecture

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Real-Life Architecture

@mobileLarson @_openKnowledge

Lars Röwekamp | CIO New Technologies

http://www.flickr.com/photos/smb_flickr/522192756/

http://foter.com/

Real-Life Architecture Android 4+

MTC2013

Eigentlich ist ja alles ganz einfach ...


MTC2013

... auch wenn es kompliziert(er) wird.

Android 4+


MTC2013

Wo liegt das ...

Problem?

Es war einmal eine App ...Real-Life Architecture

MTC2013

Splash Overview Share

Preferences

Map


MTC2013


MTC2013

Anforderungen easy Version

‣klassische Android Anwendung‣Kunden CI und White Label‣Anbindung von (Web) Services‣Vorlieben/Einstellungen merken‣Time-to-Market


MTC2013

Anforderungen eXtended Edition

‣Smartphone & Tablet Support‣Android 2.3 & Android 4.x Support‣Multi-Language Support‣Multi-User Support‣Localisation Support


MTC2013

Anforderungen Directors Cut

‣Daten immer aktuell‣Daten auch offline ‣Daten auch für Dritte‣batterieschonend ‣und natürlich „Security“

... und die hatte eine ArchitekturReal-Life Architecture

MTC2013


MTC2013

Let‘s go

‣klein starten‣schrittweise erweitern‣stets lauffähig und sinnvoll

‣Refactoring ist ein Zeichen von Stärke

Schritt 1: POI sendenFriend Finder App

MTC2013

MTC2013

POI senden Best Practices

‣UI und Logik trennen‣Kommunikation in Lib auslagern

Friend Finder App

Schritt 1: POI senden

MTC2013 Friend Finder App


MTC2013

POI senden Pitfalls

‣Network on Main Thread‣Strict Mode

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Netzwerkzugriff nur via ...

Async

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

class PostToFriendFinder extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, String> {

private PointOfInterest poi; private String note;

public PostToFriendFinder(PointOfInterest poi, String note) { ... }

// @Overrideprotected String doInBackground(Void... params) { try {

getFriendFinder().sharePointOfInterstVisit(poi, note); return "Sending point of interest visitation was

successfull."; } catch (FriendFinderException ex) {

return "Sending point of interest visitation failed."; }

}

@Overrideprotected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { ... }

@Overrideprotected void onPostExecute(String result) { ... }

}

Async Async

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

// onClick handler to collect input data, create a new Point of Interest// and share it async via related service public void onClick(View view) {

float latitude = ...;float longitude = ...;String note = ...;

// create new point of interestPointOfInterest poi = new PointOfInterest(longitude, latitude, 0.00F);

// create async tasks to communicate with the cloud servicenew PostToFriendFinder(poi, note).execute();

}

Friend Finder App


Real-Life ArchitectureMTC2013

Schritt 2: Einstellungen merken

Schritt 2: Einstellungen merkenMTC2013

Einstellungen merken Best Practices

‣Einstellungen zentral verwalten‣Einstellungen gruppieren ‣UI zur Bearbeitung bereit stellen‣Settings Design Guide beachten

Friend Finder App

MTC2013

Einstellungen merken Pitfalls

‣Hierarchie von Einstellungen‣Einstellungen können sich ändern‣Zugriff auf Einstellungen an mehreren Stellen

‣Android 2.x vs. Android 4.x

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Einstellungen via ...

Preferences

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">  <PreferenceScreen android:key="button_voicemail_category_key" android:title="@string/voicemail" android:persistent="false"> <ListPreference android:key="button_voicemail_provider_key" android:title="@string/voicemail_provider" ... />  <PreferenceScreen android:key="button_voicemail_setting_key" android:title="@string/voicemail_settings" android:persistent="false"> ... </PreferenceScreen> <RingtonePreference android:key="button_voicemail_ringtone_key" android:title="@string/voicemail_ringtone_title" android:ringtoneType="notification" ... /> ... </PreferenceScreen> ...</PreferenceScreen>

Friend Finder App


http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android

MTC2013

public static class SettingsFragment extends PreferenceFragment { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

// Load the preferences from an XML resource addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences); } ...}

public class SettingsActivity extends PreferenceActivity {

@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

// Display the fragment as the main content. getFragmentManager().beginTransaction() .replace(android.R.id.content, new SettingsFragment()) .commit(); }}

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

public class FriendFinderApplication extends Application implements OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {

SharedPreferences preferences; ...

@Overridepublic void onCreate() {

super.onCreate();this.preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);

// recommanded in onResume (register) / onPause (unregister)this.preferences.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);

// use preferences to initialize app data ...

} ...

@Overridepublic void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences,

String key) {// force reload of preferences and reinitialization of global

data...

}}

Friend Finder App



Schritt 3: POIs abgleichen

Schritt 3: POIs abgleichenReal-Life Architecture

MTC2013

MTC2013

POIs abgleichen Best Practices

‣POIs regelmäßig abgleichen‣POIs so aktuell wie möglich halten‣POIs im Hintergrund laden

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

POIs abgleichen Pitfalls

‣regelmäßig‣aktuell‣im Hintergrund

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Hintergrundaufgaben via ...

Service

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

public class UpdaterService extends Service {

private Updater updater; ...

public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { ... }public void onCreate() { ... }public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { .. } public void onDestroy() { ... }

private class Updater extends Thread {

public Updater() { ... }

public void run() {UpdaterService updaterService = UpdaterService.this;while (updaterService.running) {

try { ... // do some work Thread.sleep(DELAY);

} catch (InterruptedException ex) {updaterService.running = false;

}}

}}

}

Friend Finder App Starten & Stoppen? Starten & Stoppen?

Online vs. Offline? Online vs. Offline?



Schritt 4: Offline-Modus

Schritt 4: Offline-ModusReal-Life Architecture

MTC2013

MTC2013

Offline Modus Best Practices

‣POIs via Online-Modus abgleichen‣POIs für Offline-Modus speichern‣POI UI aktuell halten

‣Datenzugriff kapseln ‣Datenzugriff optimieren

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Offline-Modus Pitfalls

‣Online vs. Offline ‣Read vs. Write ‣UI aktuell halten

‣Testen

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Daten verfügbar machen via ...

SQL & Adapter

Friend Finder App



?



PoiVisitations

username, name, note,longitude, ...

...

Adapter

FROM TO

username tx_username

... ...

<Row-Layout />

<ListView>

</ListView>

<Row-Layout />

<Row-Layout />

<LinearLayout>

</Linearlayout>

t_timestamp

tx_name

tx_note

res/layout/row.xmlres/layout/mylist.xml

src/MyAdapter.java src/MyDbHelper.java



public class PositionOverviewActivity extends Activity {

Cursor cursor;ListView listView;PositionOverviewAdapter adapter;FriendFinderData friendFinderData;

static final String[] FROM = { ... };static final int[] TO = { ... };

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_position_overview);

// lookup list viewlistView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_position_overview);

// lookup datafriendFinderData = ((FriendFinderApplication)

getApplication()).getFriendFinderData();

}...

}





...

public void onResume() {

super.onResume(); cursor = friendFinderData.getPoiVisitations();

// start managing the cursorstartManagingCursor(cursor);

// created special adapteradapter = new PositionOverviewAdapter(this, cursor);listView.setAdapter(adapter);

} ...}





...

public void onResume() {

super.onResume(); cursor = friendFinderData.getPoiVisitations();

// deprecated in Android 4.x startManagingCursor(cursor);

// created special adapteradapter = new PositionOverviewAdapter(this, cursor);listView.setAdapter(adapter);

} ...}


MTC2013

Das kleine Loader 1x1

‣asynchrones Laden von Daten‣verfügbar in Activities und Fragments‣Content-Change-Monitoring der Datensource‣Reconnection zu vorheriger Position

‣CursorLoader (für ContentProvider)‣Loader oder AsyncTaskLoader

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

// Activity implementing Loader Callbackspublic class MyActivity extends Activity implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallback<Cursor> {

@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ... adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(...) setListAdapter(adapter) getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this); } ...

}

Friend Finder App


MTC2013


... // loader was created and is ready to work public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args){ // set content provider query URI etc. ... // access content provider return new CursorLoader(this, cpQueryUri, projection, where, whereArgs, sortOrder); } ...}

Friend Finder App


MTC2013


... // loader finished loading - data is available public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> l, Cursor c){ adapter.swapCursor(c); }

// loader was reseted - its data is unavailable public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> l){ adapter.swapCursor(null); }}

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Loader und ...

‣Content Provider für Lau‣SQLite via eigenem AsyncTaskLoader<Cursor>

Friend Finder App



Schritt 5: Mobile Intelligenz

Schritt 5: Mobile IntelligenzReal-Life Architecture

MTC2013

MTC2013

Mobile Intelligenz Best Practices

‣POIs nur senden/abfragen, wenn Internet‣POIs nur senden/abfragen, wenn Strom‣UI aktualisieren, wenn neue Daten‣...

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Mobile Intelligenz Pitfalls

‣POIs im günstigsten Moment abfragen‣Umgebungsänderungen feststellen‣Zugriffe ausreichend absichern

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Mobile Intelligenz via ...

BroadcastReceiver

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Was sind Broadcast Receiver?

‣Publisher-Subscriber-Pattern‣Observer-Pattern

‣App / System sendet Nachricht‣Broadcast Receiver hört auf Nachricht

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Was helfen uns die Broadcast Receiver?

‣Service starten sobald Device gebootet ist

‣auf Internet-Verfügbarkeit reagieren ‣auf Batteriestatus reagieren

‣auf neue POIs reagieren

Friend Finder App



public class BootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

private static final String TAG = BootReceiver.class.getSimpleName();

// start update service after system start automatically @Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

context.startService(new Intent(context, UpdaterService.class));

Log.d(TAG, "onReceived"); }

}

‣Service starten sobald Devices gebootet ist


...

<receiver android:name=".BootReceiver" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" /> </intent-filter></receiver>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

...


public class NetworkReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

// check if network is availableboolean isNetworkDown =

intent.getBooleanExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NO_CONNECTIVITY, false);

if (isNetworkDown) {context.stopService(new Intent(context,

UpdaterService.class)); } else {

context.startService(new Intent(context, UpdaterService.class));

}}

}‣auf Internet-Verfügbarkeit reagieren




...

<receiver android:name=".NetworkReceiver" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE" /> </intent-filter></receiver>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

...



public class PositionOverviewActivity extends BaseActivity {

static final String SEND_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION = "de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.SEND_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION"; ...

class PositionOverviewReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {cursor = ... .getPoiVisitations();adapter.changeCursor(cursor);

}}

}

‣auf neue POIs reagieren




...

<permission android:name="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.SEND_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION" android:description="@string/send_location_update_notification_permission_description" android:label="@string/send_location_update_notification_permission_label" android:permissionGroup="android.permission-group.PERSONAL_INFO" android:protectionLevel="normal" />

<permission android:name="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.RECEIVE_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION" android:description="@string/receive_location_update_notification_permission_description" android:label="@string/receive_location_update_notification_permission_label" android:permissionGroup="android.permission-group.PERSONAL_INFO" android:protectionLevel="normal" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

<uses-permission android:name="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.SEND_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION" /> <uses-permission android:name="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.RECEIVE_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION" />

...



Schritt 6: Externer Datenzugriff

Schritt 6: Externer DatenzugriffReal-Life Architecture

MTC2013

MTC2013

Externer Datenzugriff Best Practices

‣Content Provider zur Datenbereitstellung‣Widget / App zur Datennutzung

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Externer Datenzugriff Pitfalls

‣Lesen vs. Schreiben‣Security Defaults‣Android 2.x vs. Android 4.x

Friend Finder App


MTC2013

Daten verfügbar machen via ...

ContentProvider

Friend Finder App




...

<provider android:name =".PositionProvider" android:authorities ="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.poi" />

...

Öffentlich? Öffentlich?

Lesen vs. Schreiben? Lesen vs. Schreiben?




...

<provider android:name =".PositionProvider" android:authorities ="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.poi" /> android:exported ="true" android:readPermission ="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.poi.READ_DATA" ...



Schritt 7: Google Maps API v2

MTC2013

Google Maps v2 Pitfalls

‣API laden via Google Play Service‣Google Maps API Key generieren‣Manifest.xml anpassen ‣Map Fragment „bauen“‣Map Activity implementieren

‣Fehler suchen ;-)

Friend Finder App


Ph

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cre

dit:

Sa

ntiM

B .

/ F

ote

r.co

m /

CC

BY

-NC

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Real-Life Architecture

@mobileLarson @_openKnowledge

Lars Röwekamp | CIO New Technologies

http://www.flickr.com/photos/smb_flickr/522192756/

http://foter.com/

http://foter.com/

android real-life architecture

Technology

mtc schritt

mtc es war einmal eine

mtces war einmal eine

new settingsfragment

string key

sharedpreferences preferences

new pointofinterestlongitude

float latitude