What Is A Mobile?It is a wireless communications device.

What is a smartphone?Wireless Communications Device +Productivity+Multimedia

What Does A Mobile Need To Become Smart?Something which will dynamically control its hardware and provide features and customizations as per the requirements of the user.

An Operating System

Operating System

Hardware

User

Previous Attempts At Making An Operating System

• Adopted by Nokia and others, brought many of the early consumer level smartphones

• OS developed for Personal Digital Assistants(PDA) Optimized touchscreen based GUI

• Designed by Research In Motion(RIM) for enterprise level consumers

• Designed by Microsoft for Pocket PCs, attempted in unifying desktop and smartphone experience

Why Did These Systems Fail?• Inability to keep up with the developments in the

hardware• No standards- fragmentation problem for developers• General user experience suffered• High costs

Software

Hardware

The Open Handset Alliance

• Group Of 84 Companies - The hardware and software makers• A commitment to openness, a shared vision for the future,

and concrete plans to make the vision a reality• Develops standards for android

Visions Of The Open Handset Alliance

• Building a better phone for consumers• Innovating in the open• Making the vision a reality

-Because We Want More…!!

-Because Sharing Is Caring…

-Because We Are Not Building Castles In The Air..!!

Philosophy Behind Creation Of Android• Open• All applications are created equal• Breaking down application boundaries• Fast & easy application development

• The source code can be viewed, copied, edited and shared

• All applications have access to every feature of the device

• Reusability Of Code• Strong developer support

backbone

Early Years Of Android

• Andy Rubin founded Android in 2003• Google bought the company in 2005• The Open Handset Alliance Unveiled itself in 2007• First device running android – the HTC Dream was

released in 2008• Google launched the Nexus series of devices in 2010

Overview Of Features In Android• Runs on top of the Linux kernel• Powerful Security Structure• Portability • Utilization of hardware to its full potential• Modular Applications Framework• User Interface can be customized in various ways

Linux Security Structure

+ Hardware Development+ Portability

Linux + Modular Applications Framework + Customization

Android

Advantages Of Open Source Software

• Lower total cost of ownership• Reduced dependence on software vendors• Easier to customize• Higher level of security

Why Choose The Linux Kernel?

• Open Source• Huge developer network already in place• Cross architecture development• Years of development has made it stable and secure

Open Source = Developer Network = Ported To Various Platforms

Full Customization

Developers have code

People have ideas

Developers implement ideas

Security Features In AndroidEvery application runs in a virtual box

Every application needs user permission to access system services

Please let me in..!!You don’t have permission

Modular Applications Framework

Reuse of inbuilt and other application components-No need to rewrite code for the same application again

Application files and its data stored on different partitions

The Android Architectural Structure

The Kernel Level - Linux• Responsible for interaction with hardware• Drivers and modules controlling the hardware are implemented

here• Provides process, memory, network, security management

• Surface Manager• Media Framework• SQLite• WebKit• OpenGL

Android Native System Libraries

Android Runtime• Dalvik Virtual Machine• Core Java Libraries

Applications

Application Framework

• Activity Manager• Content Providers• Telephony Manager• Location Manager• Resource Manager

Applications• Makes use of various services provided by lower layers• User interaction takes place here• Android makes it possible to share “Activities”

between applications

The Dalvik Virtual Machine• Responsible for running applications on Android• It Is Open Source• Features a powerful garbage collection mechanism• Uses a subset of the Apache Harmony Library• Runs multiple instances of itself efficiently• Relatively small in size

True Application Integration In Android

• Ability to set a different application as default for a particular functionality, even for the core features

• No partiality towards developers- every app has access to the same set of libraries and API that the core system applications have

Soft Buttons In Android• Physical buttons are replaced with on-screen “soft buttons”• Hide when not required, such as while playing a movie• Rotate when the screen is rotated• Screen size can be expanded without compromising the size of

the phone

Rooting Of Devices• Gives user control over android’s subsystem• Offers features that the manufacturer gives at a cost• Possibility of installing custom firmware• Voids device warranty

Android VersionsNamed after desertsAndroid version 1.5: CupcakeAndroid version 1.6: DonutAndroid version 2.0: EclairAndroid version 2.2: Frozen Yogurt (Froyo)Android version 2.3: GingerbreadAndroid version 3.0: HoneycombAndroid version 4.0: Ice Cream SandwichAndroid version 4.1: Jelly Bean

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A B C D E F G H I J

Android 1.x• Initial version of android• Support for rotational sensors and basic

telephony and communication• Support for gestures• Text-To-Speech engine

Android 2.x• Multiple Account Sync• USB tethering and WiFi hotspot• Support for Adobe Flash• Native support for more sensors like NFC

Android 3.x• Optimized for tablets• New “Holographic” user interface• Support for multi-core processors• Support for USB accessories

Android 4.x• Introduced software buttons• Face Unlock feature• Hardware Acceleration in the UI• Project Butter (VSync, Tripple Buffering)

Current Distribution Of Android Versions

Android Play Store• Previously Known As Android market• Unifying productivity and multimedia at one place• Movies, TV Shows, Music, Applications and Games,

Books and Magazines all can be viewed or purchased at the Play Store

One Step Closer To Cloud Computing• The store maintains a list of all things purchased

from the store• Multiple devices can be added to an account• Even if the data on device is erased, it can be

restored through the store

Play Store: The Security Features• Bouncer- The Automatic malware search and removal service• Application redirecting to sites, sending sms or email without

the user’s consent are banned• Application Encryption

Play Store Statistics• 25 Billion app downloads• 675 Thousand Applications and Games• Operating in 190 countries 132 of which support

purchasing of applications

Future of android• A million Android devices are sold everyday• Many new and existing device manufacturers are

switching towards Android as their primary OS• Android has more than 50% of the smartphone market

share

Android’s Expanding Device Presence • Android’s customizable nature has made it possible to port

it to various devices• These devices include laptops, eBook readers, televisions,

CD/DVD players, cameras, wristwatches etc.• Google’s Project Glass which is a augmented reality device

uses android

Android Powers NASA’s New Satellites• NASA aims to launch multiple small satellites called

“PhoneSats”• Android devices such as the HTC Nexus One and the

Samsung Galaxy Nexus S were chosen for this purpose

• These devices are feature rich as well as cost effective• NASA believes that commercial devices may provide

better abilities than custom designed hardware

Android proved to be a powerful platform for everyone.

Its rise to power in such a small time is credited mainly to the fact that it is open source.

When many people all over the world get involved in a project, there’s going to be a flow of different ideas

and when we funnel these ideas to a organized system, a culture which knows no boundaries is born

…and…

A DREAM IS MADE REALITY

Any Questions?Presentation Designed By:

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Chandan VaradkarRavi VaruSachin VernekarSiddhesh WadekarDisha WagleSaurabh WahileRavishankar YadavRajaram Yadav