Android World’s most popular OS for mobile phones

Outline

• What is Android• History• Development• Security and Privacy• Market Share and rate of adoption• Version history• Beyond smartphones and tablets

What is Android• Android is a Linux-based operating system

designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers

• Android is an open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License

• Android operation system for mobile devices was written primarily in a customized version of the Java programming language.

What is Android• Android has a large community of developers

writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of devices.

History

• Initially Android OS was developed by Android, Inc,.

• Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner , Nick Sears, and Chris White.

• The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras, when it was realized that the market for the devices was not large enough, and diverted their efforts to producing a smartphone OS

History

• Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005.

• Key employees of Android Inc., including Rubin, Miner and White, stayed at the company after the acquisition.

• Not much was known about Android Inc. at the time, but many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with this move.

History

• At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel.

• Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradable system.

• Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to build through December 2006

• Google wanted its search and applications on mobile phones and it was working hard to deliver that.

History

• On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of technology companies including Google, device manufacturers such as HTC, Sony and Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile, and chipset makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments, unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open standards for mobile devices

History

History

• Android was unveiled as its first product, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6. The first commercially available phone to run Android was the HTC Dream, released on October 22, 2008

History

HTC Dream• Manufacturer : HTC • Form factor : Slider smartphone • Operating system : Android 1.0 (upgradable to 1.6) • CPU : 528 MHz Qualcomm MSM7201A ARM11 processor • Memory : 256 MB ROM, 192 MB RAM • Removable storage : Supports up to 16 GB microSD • Data inputs : capacitive touchscreen display, QWERTY keyboard,

trackball, volume controls, 3-axis accelerometer • Display : 320 x 480 px, 3.2 in (81 mm), HVGA, 65,536 color LCD

at 180 pixels per inch (ppi) • Rear camera : 3.2 megapixel with auto focus • Connectivity : Wi-Fi (802.11b/g), Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, ExtUSB, A-GPS

Quad-band GSM 850 900 1800 1900 MHz GPRS/EDGE

History

• Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have incrementally improved the operating system, adding new features and fixing bugs in previous releases.

• In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of devices—a line of smartphones and tablets running the Android operating system, and built by a manufacturer partner.

• HTC collaborated with Google to release the first Nexus smartphone the Nexus One

History

• On 13 March 2013, it was announced by Larry Page in a blog post that Andy Rubin had moved from the Android division to take on new projects at Google. He was replaced by Sundar Pichai, who also continues his role as the head of Google's Chrome division, which develops Chrome OS.

Development

• Android is developed in private by Google until the latest changes and updates are ready to be released, at which point the source code is made available publicly.

• This source code will only run without modification on select devices, usually the Nexus series of devices.

Development

Linux• Android consists of a kernel based on Linux kernel

version 2.6 and, from Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) onwards, version 3.x

Memory management• Android devices are usually battery-powered, Android

is designed to manage memory (RAM) to keep power consumption at a minimum, in contrast to desktop operating systems which generally assume they are connected to unlimited mains electricity.

Development

• When an Android app is no longer in use, the system will automatically suspend it in memory . while the app is still technically "open," suspended apps consume no resources (e.g. battery power or processing power) and sit idly in the background until needed again.

Development

Update Schedule• Google provides major updates, incremental in

nature, to Android every six to nine months, which most devices are capable of receiving over the air.

• The latest major update is Android 4.3 Jelly Bean , released on July 24, 2013; 7 days ago

• The new Nexus 7, Google’s in-house Android tablet, is shipping next week with the 4.3 version of system software and features preinstalled

Security and Privacy

• Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are explicitly granted by the user when the application is installed.

• Before installing an application, the Play Store displays all required permissions: a game may need to enable vibration or save data to an SD card, for example, but should not need to read SMS messages or access the phonebook. After reviewing these permissions, the user can choose to accept or refuse them, installing the application only if they accept.

Security and Privacy

• Google currently uses their Google Bouncer malware scanner to watch over and scan the Google Play store apps.

Market share and rate of adoption

• Research company Canalys estimated in the second quarter of 2009 that Android had a 2.8% share of worldwide smartphone shipments.

• By the fourth quarter of 2010 this had grown to 33% of the market, becoming the top-selling smartphone platform.

• By the third quarter of 2011 Gartner estimated that more than half (52.5%) of the smartphone market belongs to Android.

• By the third quarter of 2012 Android had a 75% share of the global smartphone market according to the research firm IDC.

Market share and rate of adoption

In July 2011, Google said that 550,000 new Android devices were being activated every day, up from 400,000 per day in May, and more than 100 million devices had been activated with 4.4% growth per week.

In September 2012, 500 million devices had been activated with 1.3 million activations per day.

In May 2013, at Google I/O, Sundar Pichai announced that 900 million Android devices had been activated.

Version HistoryVersion Code name Release date Distribution

4.3 Jelly Bean 24-Jul-13 0.00%4.2.x Jelly Bean 13-Nov-12 5.60%4.1.x Jelly Bean 9-Jul-12 32.50%

4.0.3–4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich 16-Dec-11 23.30%3.2 Honeycomb 15-Jul-11 0.10%3.1 Honeycomb 10-May-11 0%

2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread 9-Feb-11 34.10%2.3–2.3.2 Gingerbread 6-Dec-10 0%

2.2 Froyo 20-May-10 3.10%2.0–2.1 Eclair 26-Oct-09 1.50%

1.6 Donut 15-Sep-09 0.10%1.5 Cupcake 30-Apr-09 0%

Android 1.5 (Cupcake)

Improved Bluetooth

Camcorder functions

Upload services like YouTube and Picasa

Version History

Android 1.6 (Donut)

Higher resolution touch screens

Improved camera and gallery support

Android 2.0/2.01/2.1 (Éclair)

Improvements in the browser

Google Maps

Google Maps Navigation

Android 2.2 (Froyo)

USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality

Introduction of the Just-In-Time Compiler -- which significantly speeds up the phone's processing power.

Version History

Android 2.3-2.3.7 (Gingerbread) Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions Improved power management that are keeping the device awake for too long Support for voice or video chat using Google Talk Improved Gmail application

Version HistoryAndroid 3.0-3.2 (Honeycomb) It's the first version of Android specifically made for tablets

Optimized tablet support with a new virtual and “holographic” user interface

Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen

Support for external keyboards and pointing devices

Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software Improved camera app with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality

Version HistoryAndroid 4.1-4.2 (Jelly Bean) Multiple user accounts (tablets only) quick-settings in the notification bar High-resolution Google+ contact photos

Lock screen improvements, including widget support and the ability to swipe directly to camera

Android 4.3 (Jelly Bean) Improved window buffer allocation results in a faster image buffer allocation for your apps For highest-performance graphics, Android 4.3 introduces support for OpenGL ES 3.0 Support for Restricted Profiles - a new way to manage users and their capabilities on a single device

Beyond smartphone & Tablets

• The open and customizable nature of Android allows it to be used on other electronics, including laptops and netbooks, smartbooks , smart TVs (Google TV) and cameras (Nikon Coolpix S800c and Galaxy Camera).

• In addition, the Android operating system has seen applications on smart glasses (Google Glass), wristwatches, headphones, car CD and DVD players, mirrors, portable media players and landlines and Voice over IP phones.

Disadvantages of Android

• Since Google Android is an open source platform driving all Android phones, it could significantly increase the risk of hacking these devices. If this happens, then locking mobiles as a security measure will be a mockery.

Questions