1. A Android

2. By- ANKURGUPTA (C.S.)UNITEDINSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY 3. Contents History of Android Acquisition by Google Open GL Linux Unix Linux Kernel Features Architecture 4. HISTORY Android, Inc. was founded in PaloAlto, California, United States in October, 2003by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), RichMiner (co-founder of WildfireCommunications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VPat T-Mobile), and Chris White (headed designand interface development at WebTV) 5. What is Android ? Android is an operating system formobile devices suchas smartphones and tabletcomputers. It is developed bythe Open Handset Alliance ledby Google. 6. Acquisition by Google Google acquired Android Inc. in August 2005,making Android Inc. a wholly owned subsidiaryof Google Inc. Key employees of Android Inc.,including Andy Rubin, Rich Miner and ChrisWhite, stayed at the company after theacquisition. 7. What is an Open GL? OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a standardspecification defining a cross-language, cross-platform API for writing applications thatproduce 2D and 3D computer graphics. OpenGL was developed by Silicon GraphicsInc. (SGI) in 1992 and is widely used in CAD ,virtual reality, scientific visualization, informationvisualization, flight simulation, and videogames. 8. Open GL contd. OpenGL is managed by the non-profittechnology consortium Khronos Group. Open GL serves two main purposes:1. Hide complexities of interfacing with different 3D accelerators by presenting a single, uniform interface.2. Hide differing capabilities of hardware platforms by requiring support of the full OpenGL feature set for all implementations (using software emulation if necessary). 9. Created By Open Handset Alliance FIRST Android brings Internet-style innovation and opennessto mobile phones SECOND Android delivers a complete set of software for mobile devices:an operating system, middleware and key mobile applications 10. Its a consortium of several companies 11. LINUX In April 1991, Linus Torvalds, a 21-year-oldstudent at the University ofHelsinki, Finland started working on somesimple ideas for an operating system. He startedwith a task switcher in Intel 80386 assemblylanguage and a terminal driver.Linux is a computer operating system whichis based on free and open source software. 12. UNIX The Unix operating system was conceived andimplemented in 1969 at AT&Ts Bell Laboratoriesin the United States by Ken Thompson, DennisRitchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna.It was first released in 1971 and was initiallyentirely written in assembly language, acommon practice at the time.Later, in a key pioneering approach in 1973, Unixwas re-written in the programminglanguage C by Dennis Ritchie (with exceptions to thekernel and I/O). 13. LINUX KERNEL5 14. What is Kernel ? In computing, the kernel is the main componentof most computer operating systems; it is abridge between applications and the actual dataprocessing done at the hardware level. The kernels responsibilities includemanaging the systems resources (thecommunication betweenhardware and software components). 15. Structure of Kernel 16. Linux kernel The Linux kernel is an operatingsystem kernel used by the Linux family of Unix-like operating systems. Relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system servicessuch as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer betweenthe hardware and the rest of the software stack. 17. Application framework enabling reuseand replacement of components. Dalvik virtual machine (DVM) optimizedfor mobile devices Optimized graphics powered by acustom 2D graphics library; 3D graphicsbased on the OpenGL ES 1.0specification (hardware accelerationoptional) 18. Media support for commonaudio, video, and still image formats(MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) Camera, GPS, compass, andaccelerometer (hardware dependent) Rich development environment including adevice emulator, tools for debugging, memoryand performance profiling, and a plugin for theEclipse IDE