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Beneficiation of Canadian refractory magnesi um minerals - magnesite, brucit e and dolomite P.R.A. Andrews Abstract - qnesitc., h t.r rc .ite ~nddo/ortrit(~ 1~.111. id(>!\' thro~rglro~ct ut~utlu, rrt c/cy)osits of et.onon~ic. sign$ic~utrc~c~ urr Jinortl only in Q urh cc.. Ontut.io c111d Bt.iti.slr Colunlhio . Magt~e.sitc> c.c.rrt-s n (111 threo pt.o\' ii rc.e.s, hr ur ~itc~ n Quc.h c~c ond Ontut.io utrd rlolornitc~ n Otrttrt-io. Bc~tr(~i'c~irrtiotr !f I-eJi-uc,tot.y rugtresiunr n~itwt-uls us I)e cltr the ~ul?je(.t fn~ut~y it~l~e.s/igutiotr.s t C AN MET utrd the fot.n7et. Mitrrs Bt-ntrc~li. T~~enty-tirt~ec nu~qtrc~.sitc~, i)rit. 1)1~1(cito trd 11it1~ lolor~itc~ el~uluutiot~ tudips II'EI.P c.otrdric./c.d hct~:rrtr 920 rind 1974. A I.PI'I'PM' (!f'.soni~ $I/?(> n701. r in2/)ot.tctnt rtudic,.v i. s /~ t.c ,sented. Thc~ t~ht.nrtrtiot~ trc.lrtd~.~ I~IIPI.CII~SJ. enc~j?(~iuti~tr ?r(~lrod.~ utrrl fl(~tutiotr lcrto. Introduction In 1990. a detailed assessment of Canadian refractory magnesium mineral deposits was conducted at CA NM ET with emphasis on processing studies. The report, "Sum- mary Report N o . 9: Magnesite, Brucite and Dolomite (Collings and Andrews, 1990)," contains detailed infor- mation relating to geology and mineralogy of deposits. markets and uses. applications and specifications, trade and production and mining and processing. An extensive appendix contains summaries of tcstwork studies, which provide a valuable record for assessing both deposits and materials. Head analyses, mineralogy, beneficiation meth- ods, product sizes, and concentrate grade and recoveries are reported together with remarks or observations of particular interest. The main features of this report are presented here. A map of Canada showing the location of some of the principal deposits of magnesite, brucite and dolomite is shown in Fig. I . Mineralogy Magnesite samples were associated with either dolo- P.R.A. Andrews is an industrial minerals specialist with the Re- source Utilization Laboratory, Energy Mines and Resources, Ot- tawa, Ontario. Canada. SME nonmeeting paper 93-313. Manu- script May 7, 1993. Discussion o f this peer-reviewed and approved paper is invited and must be submitted, in duplicate, prior to June 30. mite, serpentine and brucite: or talc, quartz, chlorite and iron oxide minerals. Minerals associated with brucite samples included calcite, magnesite, dolomite, serpen- tine. iron oxide and iron sulfide minerals. In one study. graphite was present. The minerals occurring with dolo- mite samples were calcite. limestone and quartz. Analyses of magnesite samples varied from 38% mag- nesite for an ore from Timmins, Ontario, (Hartman, 1965) to 91.4% magnesite for an ore from Cranbrook. British Columbia (Stone, 1958). The analyses of most magnesite ores, however. were greater than 50% magnesite. The analyses of brucite samples were generally less than 19%. Dolomite samples. conversely, were mostly all high grade. Refractory evaluation The basic procedure for refractory evaluation of mag- nesite involved calcination. hydration, high-pressure briquetting and dead burning to produce a high-density refractory MgO. The physical parameters for refractory evaluation are adequately described by Svikis (1969). The procedure for brucite was similar except that after calcina- tion the dried brucite hydrate was washed and scrubbed in hot water to remov e lime (Ross. 1962). Dolomite was first stabilized by pelletizing with the nonmagnetic fraction of serpentine before refractory evaluation. Magnesite beneficiation Evaluation of magnesite ores involved a two-stage processing route. A magnesite concentrate was produced first and then calcined for refractory use evaluation. Pro- cessing to yield magnesite concentrates involved grind- ing, flotation, heavy media separation, wet and dry gravity concentration, photometric sorting and magnetic separa- tion. The most extensive investigation was conducted on a 2-kt (2200-st) sample from Deloro, Ontario (Anon, 1 964). Flotation successfully concentrated most magnesite ores to at least 93% grade by either the direct flotation method of magnesite from other minerals or reverse tlota- tion to remove talc, quartz and other silicate minerals leaving a beneficiated magnesite product. 234 MARCH 1994 MINING ENGINEERING

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LegendNewfound land1. Great Bend (rnagnesite)2. Port-au-port (dolomite)Nova Sco t i a3. Meat Cove (brucite)4. Cape Breton (dolomite)New Brunswick

5. St. John City (dolomite)Quebec6. Kilrnar (rnagnesite)7. Wakefield (brucite)8. Harve St-Pierre (dolomite)9. Ferrnont (dolomite)Ontario10. Deloro (rnagnesite)11. Rutherglen (brucite)12. Haley (dolomite)13. Guelph (doornite)Mani toba14. lskwasurn Lake (rnagnesite)15. Winnipeg (dolomite)

Saske tchewan16. Arnisk Lake (rnagnesite, dolomite)Br i t i sh Co lumbia17. Mo unt Brussilof (rnagnesite)

Fig. 1 - rincipal dep osits and occurrences of rnagne site, brucite and dolomite in Canada. FairrnOnt

Magn esite flotation collectors were generally the fatty Flotation was successful in concentrating a low-gradeacid type. Various derivatives were emp loye d between bruci te ore from Farm Point , Ontario (B ennett , 1941).ApH 9.1 and 1 0.3 with concentration levels between 100 brucite concentrate analyzing 88.2% MgO after calcina-and 92 0 g/t ( 3.5 and 32.4 oz/st) on ore sizes less than2 10 tion, and containing very little calcite, was obtained frompm ( 70 me sh ) . Sodium si l icate and quebracho were 3 1% brucite feed material. The brucite was floated usingemployed as depressants. Sodium si l icate (700 to 2000 g/ a higher aliphatic secondary alcohol sulfate after grindingt or 25 to 7 1 oz/st ) was used fo r slime dispersion, and also to -300 pm (-50 mesh) and desl iming at 60 jlm (230 mesh).

to depress quartz and calcite . Quebrac ho (500 to 16 00 g/ Modifiers included sodium silicate as a slime dispersantt o r 18 to 56 oz/st) w as used to depress calcite. and quartz depressant and tannic acid as calcite depres-

The concentration of magnesite by heavy media sepa- sant.ration and wet and dry gravity concentration method s was Photom etric sorting was used to remove serpentine andbased on differences in specific gravity between m agnes- dark-colored silicate minerals in a study of brucite oreite and gangue minerals. In one study of magnes ite from from Wakefield, Quebec (Wyman, 1968). In anotherKilmar. Quebec (Johnson,1942), heavy media separation study of brucite ore from Wak efield, Quebec (Zoldners,was used to separate magnesite (specific gravity 3.00) 1962 ),sized brucite was successfully evaluated as asou rcefrom dolomite (spec fic gravity 2.85) and serpentine (spe- of coarse aggregate for use in concrete.cific gravity 2.55). The separation of rnagnesite frombrucite (sp ecific gravity 2.39) was attempted by air tabling Dolomite benef icia t ion

and wet tabl ing of +420 p m (40 mesh) material. In eachcase, a 90% magnesi te grade was achieved from 65% Dolom ite beneficiation was more straightforwa rd thanmagnesi te feed grade (Wym an, 195 8). that of mag nesite and brucite. It only involved dry pro-

Magn etic separation as a secondary bene ficiation tech- cessing. Technique s studied included screening, air clas-nique was successful in various studies for removing sification and photome tric sorting. Calcination evalua-liberated magnetic material from concentrated magnesite tion was either for dolomitic lime or as refractory rawflotation concentrates. It was less successful, however, in material.removing iron locked in the magnesite crystal lattice. Dolomite ore from Haley, Ontario was evaluated inPhotometr ic sort ing of magnesi te ore from Kilmar, Que- three separate studies:bec was partially successful in separating magnesite fromserpentine (Wyman. 1973). Air classification successfully separated a -75 ym

(-200 mesh) fract ion (W yman, 1963).Bru c i t e b en ef i c i a t i o n Photometric sorting successfully produced a very

white -12.5 +4.8 mm (-0.5 in. + 4 mesh) fractionProcessing b rucite was very sim ilar to magne site, that

(Wyman. 1966).is, beneficiation to produce a brucite concentrate followed A third sample was successfully evaluated ass refrac-by calcination for refractory use evaluation. Beneficiation tory raw material and as a furnace-fettling compoundtechniques included screening, flotation and photometric using iron oxide as the fluxing agent (Palfreyman.sort ing. 1974).

MINING ENGINEERING MARCH 1994 235

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