andrew mclean kelvin barraclough gisborne secondary college
TRANSCRIPT
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Andrew McLean Kelvin Barraclough
Gisborne Secondary College
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What is GPS?
• 24 + satellites
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What is GPS?
• 24 + satellites• Several ground stations
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What is GPS?
• 24 + satellites• Several ground stations• GPS receiver
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Satellites
• Altitude ≈ 20200 km
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Satellites
• Altitude ≈ 20200 km• Period 12 hours
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Satellites
• Altitude ≈ 20200 km• Period 12 hours• At least 4 visible everywhere
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Satellites
• Altitude ≈ 20200 km• Period 12 hours• At least 4 visible everywhere• Solar powered, ≈ 50 W transmitter
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Satellites
• Altitude ≈ 20200 km• Period 12 hours• At least 4 visible everywhere• Solar powered, ≈ 50 W transmitter• Transmit on 1575.42 MHz
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Satellites
• Altitude ≈ 20200 km• Period 12 hours• At least 4 visible everywhere• Solar powered, ≈ 50 W transmitter• Transmit on 1575.42 MHz• Fitted with atomic clocks
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Satellites
• Altitude ≈ 20200 km• Period 12 hours• At least 4 visible everywhere• Solar powered, ≈ 50 W transmitter• Transmit on 1575.42 MHz• Fitted with atomic clocks• Lifespan ≈ 10 years
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Ground Stations
• I master station, four remote
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Ground Stations
• I master station, four remote• Monitor satellites and send back accurate
orbital and time data
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The Signal
• The “almanac”. Approximate position of all satellites, transmitted and stored in the GPS.
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The Signal
• The “almanac”. Approximate position of all satellites, transmitted and stored in the GPS.
• The “ephemeris”. Accurate data of individual satellite position.
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The Signal
• The “almanac”. Approximate position of all satellites, transmitted and stored in the GPS.
• The “ephemeris”. Accurate data of individual satellite position.
• The “pseudo random code”. Effectively, an accurate time signal
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The Signal
• The “almanac”. Approximate position of all satellites, transmitted and stored in the GPS.
• The “ephemeris”. Accurate data of individual satellite position.
• The “pseudo random code”. Effectively, an accurate time signal
• Turned off while satellite orbit is adjusted
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Satellite positions
27400 km
20200 km
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Signal times
0.091 s
0.067 s
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Establishing position
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Establishing position
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Establishing position
• If receiver had a good enough clock –• Two satellites – somewhere on a circle
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Establishing position
• If receiver had a good enough clock –• Two satellites – somewhere on a circle• 3rd satellite – cuts this circle twice, but usually
one solution is obvious
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Establishing position
• If receiver had a good enough clock –• Two satellites – somewhere on a circle• 3rd satellite – cuts this circle twice, but usually
one solution is obvious• 4th satellite – removes ambiguity
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Establishing position
• With a small, cheap clock -
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Establishing position
• With a small, cheap clock –• 3 satellites give 2D fix
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Establishing position
• With a small, cheap clock –• 3 satellites give 2D fix• 4 satellites give 3D fix
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Accuracy
• Given clear view of sky typically 5 – 10 m
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Receivers
• Aren’t equal
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Receivers
• Aren’t equal• Need “good view” of sky
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Possible information
• Position
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Possible information
• Position• Distance travelled
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Possible information
• Position• Distance travelled• Speed
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Possible information
• Position• Distance travelled• Speed• Direction
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Possible information
• Position• Distance travelled• Speed• Direction• Altitude
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Gathering data – “low tech”
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Gathering data – “hi tech”
• Almost all GPS receivers can be connected to a computer to transfer data
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Suitable software (1)
• “OziExplorer”
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Suitable software (1)
• “OziExplorer”• $130
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Suitable software (1)
• “OziExplorer”• $130• Uses raster mapping
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Suitable software (1)
• “OziExplorer”• $130• Uses raster mapping• Suitable for all brands of GPS
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Suitable software (1)
• “OziExplorer”• $130• Uses raster mapping• Suitable for all brands of GPS• Transferring data from Ozi is awkward
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Suitable software (2)
• Garmin “Mapsource”
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Suitable software (2)
• Garmin “Mapsource”• Free with Garmin GPS
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Suitable software (2)
• Garmin “Mapsource”• Free with Garmin GPS• Uses Vector mapping
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Suitable software (2)
• Garmin “Mapsource”• Free with Garmin GPS• Uses Vector mapping• Allows easy transfer of data to other programs
(eg Excel)
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Some possibilities
• Real aircraft - loop the loop• Model aircraft• Racing cars, dragsters, motorbikes• Skydivers, bungee jumpers• Yacht racing• Theme park rides• Relative motion on moving ship
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Cost?
• Cheap GPS ≈ $100• Garmin GPS Map 60 CSx ≈ $470• OziExplorer $130• Oztopo maps for Garmin (all of Australia) $229