andrea toreti 1,2, franco desiato 1, guido fioravanti 1, walter perconti 1 1 apat – climate and...
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Andrea Toreti1,2, Franco Desiato1, Guido Fioravanti1, Walter Perconti1
1 APAT – Climate and Applied Meteorology Unit 2 University of [email protected]
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
59 stations – Air Force Weather Service and some Regional Environmental Agencies
Weak climatological control
Consistency control
www.scia.sinanet.apat.it
Outlier detection (using filter constructed in function of season, latitude and altitude + spatial comparison)
Correction or elimination of wrong values Monthly Series
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Monthly Series
KZA – Kolmogorov Zurbenko Adaptive Filter1
Moving Window SNHT – Standard Normal Homogeneity Test2
MRPP – Multi Response Permutation Procedure3
1. Zurbenko et al. 1996. Detecting discontinuities in time series of upper air data: development and demonstration of an adaptive filter technique. J. of Climate 9, 3548 – 3560.
2. Alexandersson and Moberg. 1997. Homogenization of Swedish temperature data. Part I: homogeneity test for linear trends. Int. J. of Climatology 17, 25 – 34.
3. Mielke et al. 1981. Application of multi response permutation procedure for examining seasonal changes in monthly mean sea level pressure patterns. Monthly Weather Rev. 109, 120 - 126
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
KZA filter does not involve a reference series
Let Xt be the ‘candidate’ …
)(
)(
1)()( )(
tH
tT
q
qiittTtHt XqqY
0)())((
0)()(
'
'
tDqtDf
tDqtqH
0)())((
0)()(
'
'
tDqtDf
tDqtqT
)()1()(
|)()(|)(' tDtDtD
qtZqtZtD
))(max(
)(1))((
tD
tDtDf
and Z is the Kolmogorov Zurbenko filter of X
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
An example of KZA filter
![Page 6: Andrea Toreti 1,2, Franco Desiato 1, Guido Fioravanti 1, Walter Perconti 1 1 APAT – Climate and Applied Meteorology Unit 2 University of Bern andrea.toreti@apat.it](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649ce65503460f949b37b4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Moving Window SNHT
Reference Series: at least three stations chosen using best correlation criterion applied to first difference series.
Window length: 12 years.
Inhomogeneities identified in the first/last four years were discarded.
MRPP
It is non parametric
Window length: 96 values; Centred at the inhomogeneity point
Two groups: before and after inhomogeneity
Comparison of Euclidean distances
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
a partition into g+1 disjoint subgroups: S1,…, Sg+1
MRPP
|| ii Sn
g
iinK
1 K
nC i
i
JIIJ
ii
n1
2
g
iiiC
1
where ΔIJ is the Euclidean distance between two members (I and J) of Si
TThe Statistic
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
An example: Enna
November 1964
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Homogenized series
Standardized anomaly series1. Reference period: 1971 - 2000
Annual Series since December until November: Northern IT, Central IT and Southern IT
Seasonal Series: DJF / MAM / JJA / SON
1 Jones and Hulme. 1996. Calculating regional climatic time series for temperature and precipitation: methods and illustrations. Int. J. of Climatology 16, 361 – 377.
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Northern Italy. Comparison
North - Winter
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
North - Spring
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
North - Summer
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
North - Autumn
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Northern Italy. Comparison
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Central Italy. ComparisonCentre - Spring
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
Centre - Winter
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
Centre - Autumn
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
Centre - Summer
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Central Italy. Comparison
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Southern Italy. ComparisonSouth - Winter
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
South - Spring
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
South - Summer
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
South - Autumn
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Southern Italy. Comparison
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Annual series. Comparison
North
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
Centre
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
South
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Hom
Orig
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Annual series. Comparison
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Ongoing Research
Application of other methods
Pairwise comparisons / correction method
Daily homogenization and analysis
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
A spatial analysis of the homogenized DB
S mode PCA applied to monthly gridded series
Varimax Rotation
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis with the average linkage method
2/1
1
2
1
2
1
n
ii
n
ii
n
iii
AB
ba
baG A, B are two PCs and a, b are the
associated EOFs
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
7 significant clusters were identified.
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Sixth seminar for homogenization and quality control in climatological DB– Budapest 2008
Thank you!