Andrea

CarbohydratesThey're there to catabolize first

But when youre starvinOh, well, it really hurts

You move onTo the next / Macromolecules

Why? Those are the logical rules..First break em into parts

Often used to rebuildThen put em into parts

Of Glycolysis or The krebs cycle

And do like before

Yoshi

Proteins, proteins, proteins,I’m all alone with you.

Proteins, proteins, proteins,Please help me pull through.

I usually have carbs with me,to help me through the day,

but today I seem to be carb-free,so catabolize for me, okay?

Please throw an amino group away,remove them from the acids.

refresh my memory if you may,deanimation? I learned this in my classes.

Proteins, proteins, proteins,I’m all alone with you.

Proteins, proteins, proteins,Please help me pull through.

Change the groups in to ammonia,Waste for animals, not for plants,

Do your other reactions, it’s really up to ya,

Change the acids into components, for the Krebs cycle

and glycolysis, and don’t say that you can’t.

NOW BREAK IT DOWN NOW.

So lets slow it down a little, I have a lot to say,

we shall talk about the point of entry,into the metabolic pathway,

it all depends on the amino acid’s identity.

Leucine becomes acetyl-COA Alanine transforms into; pyruvate.

And proline is converted into a-ketoglutarate

These are some examples, of how they will behave,

Once the proteins are broken down and become ATP,

Now I will enjoy my day,Because now I have my energy.

<END>

Christian

Triacylglycerol, our lipid friendsare first to break into separate ends.Glycerol first then fatty acid chains,

the former of these has a new form to gain.Glycerol to glucose through a special process

called gluconeogenesis, that is unlessit instead takes form of something you know

DHAP, quite good for you thoughit stays not like that for terribly long.

3-phosphoglycerate is not at all wrongfor it’s new shape to take, that is the nameand away to glycolytic pathways it aims.

Wherein it will be processed and changed all awayinto new energy for use in our day.

But what of the acids we left behind? They’ve not been forgotten, no not at this time.

To the matrix, the mitochondria they’re shipped off towhere b-Oxidation starts to split off a few

Two-carbon acetyls, enzymes help aidto break from the chain and then soon are made

Acetyl coenzyme A, a helpful moleculeand off to the Krebs Cycle goes this helpful tool.

Now for this example, you will all seeA twelve carbon fatty acid, only one of the three.

With the use of one ATP, acetyls releasefrom the fatty acid chain, but that’s not the only piece.

A single of both NADH and FADH2are also produced, and enter the queue.

Oxidative phosphorylation changes them all,and 20 ATP the net gain not small.

So fifteen to start, but we’re not done here, the Acetyl CoA has yet to still clear.Into the Krebs cycle, we shall seethe formation of 60 fresh new ATP.

Substrate-level of phosphorylation,produce 6 ATP and the creation

of 18 NADH, and this molecule’s friend6 FADH2, the beginning of the end.

Like those prior, they’re changed through oxidative phosphorylation54 ATP’s all take their formation,

these with the six, then the fifteen abovecreate 75 ATP, our biggest love.

But what is this like in comparison toCarbohydrates that share 12 carbon to view.

Only 60 ATP from these friendly rings.Considerably less, we see which one brings

the most bang for it’s buck, the best of the bestFor ATP production, lipids have that zest.

And that is the basics of the multiple stagesof Lipid Catabolism, throughout all ages.If I went to fast, I will repeat this again

without all the couplets, to you my good friends.

Andrea

Anaerobic Pathways!There’s no oxygen here..

Oh! Glycolysis still works. We’re / We’re fine. We’ll be fine. No wait!

Step 6! When2 Glyceraldehydes turn to 2 1,3-

bisphosphoglyceratesThat’s when 2 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plus’s / are reduced to /

2 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogens

And / without oxygen … I cant convert back with

the electron transport chain!Ughh… Im bound to be in a lot of pain…

(jennie: no! There’s another way! Fermentation!)

Oh! I almost forgot! Im glad you heard my lamentations..

You came, you’ve saved me..I remember, now, how I can get my ATP ..

The trick’s to restore my NAD+ supplyIts not that hard, if you just try…

Give away those excess H’sSome one will take them.

Am I a human…?

(Jennie: yes.. You’re a human)

Well, then lactate fermentation is for me!It’s simple, just one step. Watch and see!

2 pyruvates fromglycolysis take an H each

2 lactates and 2 NAD+are what we have now

Its so amazing!Come on, lactate fermentation,

take a bow!

HEY! Im not dumb, im optimisticI realize that the product,

lactic acid, is not exactly a benefit..But jennie talks of that later on

For now, let’s move on

Do you guys like alcohol?Don’t lie.

Come now, don’t act shy…Fine then. Bread

DO YOU LIKE BREAD??

What about soy sauce? Most of you must.Well, to make these thingsIn yeast we trust.Yes, yeast!It performs anaerobic respiration from the start!Glycolysis happens and there are two pyruvates..And then they break apart! To a carbon dioxide moleculeAnd 2 acetaldehyde, wow COOL!Then the acetaldehydes take one hydrogen eachAnd we’re left with 2 ethanol, 1 co2, and some NAD+That’s all my friends, now.. Listen to jennie.

Muscles

A Love Poem by Jennie Lee

Muscles.Why do you become so sore?

Why?Do you not like being used?

I thought you liked it when I used you.Is it because you’re mad at me

for not using you enough?I’m sorry.

It’s because I get lazy.How come you work

so well for other people?The athletes I see

on televisionseem to use you so well.

And why is itthat I breathe so hard

and get so thirstyafter we’re together?

I think you are cheatingon me with ATP.

Don’t act like you don’t knowadenosine triphosphate.

Yeah, that’s rightI KNOW

that you’re trying to hidethe fact that you’re ALWAYS with ATP.

I KNOWthat ATP has been binding

to your myosin headsI KNOW

that you need ATPfor your myosin head to swivel

and make you contract,but can’t you see that the ATP will never

stay with you forever?ATP will ALWAYS come, leave, come, leave

over and over and over again.ME, on the other hand, will always be with you.

You see, if you were with me,our aerobic fitness,

which is the measure of the abilityof my lungs

bloodstream,and HEART

to supply oxygen to my cellswill be so much better.

My maximum oxygen consumption,which is the maximum millilitres of oxygen

that my cells can removefrom my bloodin one minute

per kilogram of body massat maximum exertion

would be so much greater.

Oh muscles,do not ask how I know this.

Do you not trust me?Do you not know

that when I am forcedto move faster

and fasteron a treadmill

for about 10 to 15 minuteswhile my expired air

is collected and measuredby a computer

that my maximum oxygen consumption is measured?You should know

that this test causes memuch pain

since I must achieve a rather painful stateof maximal exertion.

But for you,I can go through with it.

I know that you may thinkI am just using you

to increase my maximum oxygen consumption,since people

with a high maximum oxygen consumptionare considered more

aerobically fitthan those that are not,

but believe me,I love you for what you are,

not what you make me.After all,

as we age togetherand become senile

the maximum oxygen consumptionwill slowly decrease

until it isno more.

Wait,hold on.

Why is the maximum oxygen consumptionhigher for males than females?

…Is that the reason

why you don’t like me anymore?Do you prefer males

to females?Not that I have a problem

with your sexuality,but you should’ve told me about this earlier.

Or is it that I’mgenetically inferior?

Maximum oxygen consumptioncan increase with exercise and training,

but not everyone can become an elite athlete.…

Is that why?

Oh muscles,all I ask for is that

my lactate threshold be higher.I don’t want to reach

my lactate threshhold so soon,don’t you understand?

When my oxygen can’t reachmy mitochondria

I lactate,which makes me sore.

It makes me have stiffness,Fatigue,

and pain.Are you sadistic?

Do you ENJOY my pain?Do you like the fact

that athletes have 20% moremaximum oxygen consumption

than average people?Do you?

So there’s my poem,Muscles.

I hope you understandhow I feel

and maybe one daywe will work things out.

…Because after all…

…we were meant to be together.

How Do Muscles Contract?

How Do Muscles Contract?

Maximum Oxygen Consumption

• VO2 max (maximum volume of oxygen)

Maximum Oxygen Consumption

Maximum Oxygen Consumption

Lactate Threshold

ANDREA