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on

su

sin

gIs

osp

in:p→n⇒

u↔d

ELA

STIC

&Q

UA

SI-

ELA

STIC

SC

ATTE

RIN

GPO

INTLI

KE

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

CO

RR

EC

TE

DB

YFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS:

neg

lect

ing

term

sO

(Mn/E

),fo

rth

ee.

m.

curr

ent

〈p′ |jµ|p〉=

u(p′ )γµu

(p)G

M(Q

2)

+u

(p′ )u

(p)( p

µ+p′µ

2m

) GE

(Q2);

axia

lcu

rren

t⇒

GA

;d

efin

ean

alo

gou

sly

stra

nge

form

fact

ors

from

stra

nge

curr

ent

[ dσ

dy

NC

ν

+dσ

dy

NC

ν

] p

=G

2 FMnEν

2π

1 4

[ 2(1−y

+y

2)][ (G

A−Gs A

)2+( G

p M(1−

4si

n2θW

)−Gn M−Gs M

) 2]

[ dσ

dy

NC

ν

−dσ

dy

NC

ν

] p

=G

2 FMnEν

2π

1 2(2−y)[ G

p M(1−

4si

n2θW

)−Gn M−Gs M

] (GA

+Gs A

)

[ dσ

dy

NC

ν

+dσ

dy

NC

ν

] n

=G

2 FMnEν

2π

14[ 2

(1−y

+y

2)][ (G

A+Gs A

)2+( G

n M(1−

4si

n2θW

)−Gp M−Gs M

) 2]

[ dσ

dy

NC

ν

−dσ

dy

NC

ν

] n

=G

2 FMnEν

2π

−1 2

(2−y)[ G

n M(1−

4si

n2θW

)−Gp M−Gs M

] (GA

+Gs A

)

[ dσ

dy

CC

ν

+dσ

dy

CC

ν

]=

G2 FMnEν

2π

[ 2(1−y

+y

2)][ G

2 A−

(Gp M−Gn M

)2]

[ dσ

dy

CC

ν

−dσ

dy

CC

ν

]=

G2 FMnEν

2π

2(2−y)(Gp M−Gn M

)GA

M→

nu

cleo

nm

ass

;fo

rmfa

ctors

dep

end

onQ

2=

2Mn(E

n−Mn)

(nu

cl.

rest

fram

e)

NO

TE

NO

DE

P.O

NGE

,E

NTE

RS

TH

RO

UG

HO

(Mn/E

)TE

RM

S

AN

EX

AM

PLE

....

TH

EN

UT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

PW

RA

TIO

:D

ATA...

Nu

TeV

2001

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

72±

0.00

13(s

tat)±

0.00

09(s

yst

)±

0.00

02(M

t,M

H)

Glo

bal

Fit

2003

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

29±

0.00

04

...V

S.

TH

EO

RY

R−

=σNC

(ν)−σNC

(ν)

σCC

(ν)−σCC

(ν)

=( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)

+2

[ (u−u

)−

(d−d)

u−u

+d−d−

s−s

u−u

+d−d

] ×[ (

1 2−

7 6si

n2θ W

)

+4 9

αs

2π

( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+O

(α2 s)]

+O

(δ(u−d)2,δs

2)

U,D

...D

EN

OTE

MO

ME

NTU

MF

RA

CTIO

NS

CA

RR

IED

BY

CO

RR

ES

P.Q

UA

RK

FLA

VO

RS

•IS

OS

PIN

VIO

LATIO

N→

corr

n.

for

non

-iso

scala

rta

rget

incl

ud

ed,

bu

tn

otup6=dn

•S

TR

AN

GE

AS

YM

.→

stra

ngen

ess

mu

stva

nis

h,

bu

tn

ot

vale

nce

mom

.fr

act

.!

•Q

CD

CO

RR

EC

TIO

NS→

tiny

(on

lyen

ter

thro

ugh

sym

.vio

lati

ng

term

s)

s−s≈

0.0

04

(OR

2%

ISO

SPIN

VLN

.)E

NO

UG

HTO

RE

MO

VE

AN

OM

ALY:

CA

NW

ETE

ST

IT?

TH

EN

UT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

PW

RA

TIO

:D

ATA...

Nu

TeV

2001

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

72±

0.00

13(s

tat)±

0.00

09(s

yst

)±

0.00

02(M

t,M

H)

Glo

bal

Fit

2003

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

29±

0.00

04

...V

S.

TH

EO

RY

R−

=σNC

(ν)−σNC

(ν)

σCC

(ν)−σCC

(ν)

=( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+

2

[ (u−u

)−

(d−d)

u−u

+d−d

−s−s

u−u

+d−d

] ×

[

( 1 2−

7 6si

n2θ W

)

+4 9

αs

2π

( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+O

(α2 s)]

+O

(δ(u−d)2

,δs

2

)

U,D

...D

EN

OTE

MO

ME

NTU

MF

RA

CTIO

NS

CA

RR

IED

BY

CO

RR

ES

P.Q

UA

RK

FLA

VO

RS

•IS

OS

PIN

VIO

LATIO

N→

corr

n.

for

non

-iso

scala

rta

rget

incl

ud

ed,

bu

tn

otup6=dn

•S

TR

AN

GE

AS

YM

.→

stra

ngen

ess

mu

stva

nis

h,

bu

tn

ot

vale

nce

mom

.fr

act

.!

•Q

CD

CO

RR

EC

TIO

NS→

tiny

(on

lyen

ter

thro

ugh

sym

.vio

lati

ng

term

s)

s−s≈

0.0

04

(OR

2%

ISO

SPIN

VLN

.)E

NO

UG

HTO

RE

MO

VE

AN

OM

ALY:

CA

NW

ETE

ST

IT?

TH

EN

UT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

PW

RA

TIO

:D

ATA...

Nu

TeV

2001

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

72±

0.00

13(s

tat)±

0.00

09(s

yst

)±

0.00

02(M

t,M

H)

Glo

bal

Fit

2003

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

29±

0.00

04

...V

S.

TH

EO

RY

R−

=σNC

(ν)−σNC

(ν)

σCC

(ν)−σCC

(ν)

=( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+

2

[ (u−u

)−

(d−d)

u−u

+d−d−

s−s

u−u

+d−d

] ×

[

( 1 2−

7 6si

n2θ W

)

+4 9

αs

2π

( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+O

(α2 s)]

+O

(δ(u−d)2,δs

2)

U,D

...D

EN

OTE

MO

ME

NTU

MF

RA

CTIO

NS

CA

RR

IED

BY

CO

RR

ES

P.Q

UA

RK

FLA

VO

RS

•IS

OS

PIN

VIO

LATIO

N→

corr

n.

for

non

-iso

scala

rta

rget

incl

ud

ed,

bu

tn

otup6=dn

•S

TR

AN

GE

AS

YM

.→

stra

ngen

ess

mu

stva

nis

h,

bu

tn

ot

vale

nce

mom

.fr

act

.!

•Q

CD

CO

RR

EC

TIO

NS→

tiny

(on

lyen

ter

thro

ugh

sym

.vio

lati

ng

term

s)

s−s≈

0.0

04

(OR

2%

ISO

SPIN

VLN

.)E

NO

UG

HTO

RE

MO

VE

AN

OM

ALY:

CA

NW

ETE

ST

IT?

TH

EN

UT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

PW

RA

TIO

:D

ATA...

Nu

TeV

2001

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

72±

0.00

13(s

tat)±

0.00

09(s

yst

)±

0.00

02(M

t,M

H)

Glo

bal

Fit

2003

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

29±

0.00

04

...V

S.

TH

EO

RY

R−

=σNC

(ν)−σNC

(ν)

σCC

(ν)−σCC

(ν)

=( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+

2

[ (u−u

)−

(d−d)

u−u

+d−d−

s−s

u−u

+d−d

] ×[ (

1 2−

7 6si

n2θ W

)

+4 9

αs

2π

( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+O

(α2 s)]

+O

(δ(u−d)2,δs

2)

U,D

...D

EN

OTE

MO

ME

NTU

MF

RA

CTIO

NS

CA

RR

IED

BY

CO

RR

ES

P.Q

UA

RK

FLA

VO

RS

•IS

OS

PIN

VIO

LATIO

N→

corr

n.

for

non

-iso

scala

rta

rget

incl

ud

ed,

bu

tn

otup6=dn

•S

TR

AN

GE

AS

YM

.→

stra

ngen

ess

mu

stva

nis

h,

bu

tn

ot

vale

nce

mom

.fr

act

.!

•Q

CD

CO

RR

EC

TIO

NS→

tiny

(on

lyen

ter

thro

ugh

sym

.vio

lati

ng

term

s)

s−s≈

0.0

04

(OR

2%

ISO

SPIN

VLN

.)E

NO

UG

HTO

RE

MO

VE

AN

OM

ALY:

CA

NW

ETE

ST

IT?

TH

EN

UT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

PW

RA

TIO

:D

ATA...

Nu

TeV

2001

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

72±

0.00

13(s

tat)±

0.00

09(s

yst

)±

0.00

02(M

t,M

H)

Glo

bal

Fit

2003

sin

2θ W

(OS

)=

0.22

29±

0.00

04

...V

S.

TH

EO

RY

R−

=σNC

(ν)−σNC

(ν)

σCC

(ν)−σCC

(ν)

=( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+

2

[ (u−u

)−

(d−d)

u−u

+d−d−

s−s

u−u

+d−d

] ×[ (

1 2−

7 6si

n2θ W

)

+4 9

αs

2π

( 1 2−

sin

2θ W

)+O

(α2 s)]

+O

(δ(u−d)2,δs

2)

U,D

...D

EN

OTE

MO

ME

NTU

MF

RA

CTIO

NS

CA

RR

IED

BY

CO

RR

ES

P.Q

UA

RK

FLA

VO

RS

•IS

OS

PIN

VIO

LATIO

N→

corr

n.

for

non

-iso

scala

rta

rget

incl

ud

ed,

bu

tn

otup6=dn

•S

TR

AN

GE

AS

YM

.→

stra

ngen

ess

mu

stva

nis

h,

bu

tn

ot

vale

nce

mom

.fr

act

.!

•Q

CD

CO

RR

EC

TIO

NS→

tiny

(on

lyen

ter

thro

ugh

sym

.vio

lati

ng

term

s)

s−s≈

0.0

04

(OR

2%

ISO

SPIN

VLN

.)E

NO

UG

HTO

RE

MO

VE

AN

OM

ALY:

CA

NW

ETE

ST

IT?

DIS

EN

TA

NG

LIN

GS

TR

AN

GE

NE

SS

CH

AR

MIS

CO

PIO

US

LY

PR

OD

UC

ED

INW

++s→c

easi

lyta

gged

thro

ugh

dim

uon

sign

al,

2nd

mu

onfr

omsu

bse

qu

entc

dec

ay

⇒A

CC

UR

ATE

EX

TR

AC

TIO

NO

FTH

ES

TR

AN

GE

DIS

TR

IBU

TIO

N

-0.0

020

0.00

2

0.00

4

0.00

6

0.00

8

0.01

00.

20.

40.

60.

8a)Q2 =2

0GeV

2

x

xs-xs-

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

0.2

0.4

0.6

b) x

s/s-

CC

FR

fit2

BPZ

NuT

eV

x(s−

s)s(

x)/s

(x)

−−

NuT

eVBPZ

CC

FR

/NUT

EVs−s

DE

TE

RM

INA

TIO

N

5000ν

&1500ν

DIM

UO

NE

VE

NT

SA

MPLE

:

AS

SU

ME

DPA

RM

.:s(x

)=κu

(x)+d(x

)2

(1−x

)α

NE

GA

TIV

Es−s

AT

SM

ALLx

⇒M

OM

.F

RA

CT.s−s

=−

0.0

03±

0.0

01

NUT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

WO

RS

E!

HO

WE

VE

R,B

PZ

GLO

BA

LFIT

TO

NE

UTR

INO

INC

LUS

IVE

DIS

(Baro

ne

etal

2003)⇒

PO

SIT

IVE

(TIN

Y)

AS

YM

ME

TR

Y

DIS

EN

TA

NG

LIN

GS

TR

AN

GE

NE

SS

CH

AR

MIS

CO

PIO

US

LY

PR

OD

UC

ED

INW

++s→c

easi

lyta

gged

thro

ugh

dim

uon

sign

al,

2nd

mu

onfr

omsu

bse

qu

entc

dec

ay

⇒A

CC

UR

ATE

EX

TR

AC

TIO

NO

FTH

ES

TR

AN

GE

DIS

TR

IBU

TIO

N

-0.0

020

0.00

2

0.00

4

0.00

6

0.00

8

0.01

00.

20.

40.

60.

8a)Q2 =2

0GeV

2

x

xs-xs-

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

0.2

0.4

0.6

b) x

s/s-

CC

FR

fit2

BPZ

NuT

eV

x(s−

s)s(

x)/s

(x)

−−

NuT

eVBPZ

CC

FR

/NUT

EVs−s

DE

TE

RM

INA

TIO

N

5000ν

&1500ν

DIM

UO

NE

VE

NT

SA

MPLE

:

AS

SU

ME

DPA

RM

.:s(x

)=κu

(x)+d(x

)2

(1−x

)α

NE

GA

TIV

Es−s

AT

SM

ALLx

⇒M

OM

.F

RA

CT.s−s

=−

0.0

03±

0.0

01

NUT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

WO

RS

E!

HO

WE

VE

R,B

PZ

GLO

BA

LFIT

TO

NE

UTR

INO

INC

LUS

IVE

DIS

(Baro

ne

etal

2003)⇒

PO

SIT

IVE

(TIN

Y)

AS

YM

ME

TR

Y

DIS

EN

TA

NG

LIN

GS

TR

AN

GE

NE

SS

CH

AR

MIS

CO

PIO

US

LY

PR

OD

UC

ED

INW

++s→c

easi

lyta

gged

thro

ugh

dim

uon

sign

al,

2nd

mu

onfr

omsu

bse

qu

entc

dec

ay

⇒A

CC

UR

ATE

EX

TR

AC

TIO

NO

FTH

ES

TR

AN

GE

DIS

TR

IBU

TIO

N

-0.0

020

0.00

2

0.00

4

0.00

6

0.00

8

0.01

00.

20.

40.

60.

8a)Q2 =2

0GeV

2

x

xs-xs-

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

0.2

0.4

0.6

b) x

s/s-

CC

FR

fit2

BPZ

NuT

eV

x(s−

s)s(

x)/s

(x)

−−

NuT

eVBPZ

CC

FR

/NUT

EVs−s

DE

TE

RM

INA

TIO

N

5000ν

&1500ν

DIM

UO

NE

VE

NT

SA

MPLE

:

AS

SU

ME

DPA

RM

.:s(x

)=κu

(x)+d(x

)2

(1−x

)α

NE

GA

TIV

Es−s

AT

SM

ALLx

⇒M

OM

.F

RA

CT.s−s

=−

0.0

03±

0.0

01

NUT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

WO

RS

E!

HO

WE

VE

R,B

PZ

GLO

BA

LFIT

TO

NE

UTR

INO

INC

LUS

IVE

DIS

(Baro

ne

etal

2003)⇒

PO

SIT

IVE

(TIN

Y)

AS

YM

ME

TR

Y

CO

MB

ININ

GIN

CLU

SIV

EA

ND

EX

CLU

SIV

EIN

FO

RM

ATIO

NC

TE

QD

ED

ICA

TE

DD

IMU

ON

AN

ALYS

IS(A

pri

l2004)

•∫ 1 0

(s(x

)−s(x

))dx

=0

INPR

OTO

N

⇒E

ITH

ERs(x

)−s(x

)H

AS

AN

OD

EO

RIT

VA

NIS

HE

SE

VE

RY

WH

ER

E

•[s

(x)−s(x

)]<

0F

OR

SM

ALLx< ∼

0.0

5C

ON

STR

AIN

ED

BY

DIM

UO

N

•LA

RG

Ex

RE

GIO

NW

EIG

HS

MO

RE

INM

OM

EN

TU

MF

RA

CTIO

N

•PO

SIT

IVE

MO

M.

FR

AC

TIO

Ns−s≈

0.02

:TH

EE

ND

OF

TH

ES

TO

RY

(?)

stra

ngen

ess

asy

mm

etry

10-5

.001

0.01

0.05

0.1

.2.3

.4.5

.6.7

.8x

-0.0

6

-0.0

5

-0.0

4

-0.0

3

-0.0

2

-0.0

10

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

s-(x,Q) dx/dz

Cla

ss B

BPZ

"w

ith c

cfr"

Ccf

r-N

uTeV

Stra

ngen

ess

Asy

mm

etry

Q2 =

10

GeV

2

(sca

le: l

inea

r in

z =

x1/3 )

χ2

dim

uon

vs.

incl

usi

ve

-0.

20

0.2

0.4

@S-Dx10

0

0.951

1.051.

1

1.151.

2

1.251.

3

Χ2�ΧB2

CO

MB

ININ

GIN

CLU

SIV

EA

ND

EX

CLU

SIV

EIN

FO

RM

ATIO

NC

TE

QD

ED

ICA

TE

DD

IMU

ON

AN

ALYS

IS(A

pri

l2004)

•∫ 1 0

(s(x

)−s(x

))dx

=0

INPR

OTO

N

⇒E

ITH

ERs(x

)−s(x

)H

AS

AN

OD

EO

RIT

VA

NIS

HE

SE

VE

RY

WH

ER

E

•[s

(x)−s(x

)]<

0F

OR

SM

ALLx< ∼

0.0

5C

ON

STR

AIN

ED

BY

DIM

UO

N

•LA

RG

Ex

RE

GIO

NW

EIG

HS

MO

RE

INM

OM

EN

TU

MF

RA

CTIO

N

•PO

SIT

IVE

MO

M.

FR

AC

TIO

Ns−s≈

0.02

:TH

EE

ND

OF

TH

ES

TO

RY

(?)

stra

ngen

ess

asy

mm

etry

10-5

.001

0.01

0.05

0.1

.2.3

.4.5

.6.7

.8x

-0.0

6

-0.0

5

-0.0

4

-0.0

3

-0.0

2

-0.0

10

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

s-(x,Q) dx/dz

Cla

ss B

BPZ

"w

ith c

cfr"

Ccf

r-N

uTeV

Stra

ngen

ess

Asy

mm

etry

Q2 =

10

GeV

2

(sca

le: l

inea

r in

z =

x1/3 )

χ2

dim

uon

vs.

incl

usi

ve

-0.

20

0.2

0.4

@S-Dx10

0

0.951

1.051.1

1.151.2

1.251.3

Χ2�ΧB2

MO

RE...

ISO

SPIN

VIO

LATIO

N!

QE

DE

FFE

CTS

LEA

DTO

ISO

SPIN

VIO

LATIO

N:

u−u

rad

iate

mor

ep

hot

ons

than

d−d:

d dtq i∝e2 iq i

⇒M

OR

EPH

OTO

NM

OM

EN

TU

MIN

PR

OTO

NTH

AN

NE

UTR

ON

⇒|u

(x)−u

(x)|<|d

(x)−d(x

)|A

TLA

RG

Ex

•S

IGN

OF

EFFE

CT

AS

RE

QU

IRE

DTO

EX

PLA

INN

UT

EV

•S

IZE

OF

EFFE

CTS

WIT

HR

EA

SO

N-

AB

LEA

SS

UM

PTIO

NS

AB

OU

T1/2

OF

NUT

EV

AN

OM

ALY

•TH

EO

RE

TIC

AL

RE

SU

LTS

AG

RE

ES

WIT

HFIT

IFIS

OS

PIN

VIO

LATIO

NA

L-LO

WE

D

MR

ST

2005

ELE

CTR

OW

EA

KIN

TE

RA

CTIO

NS

sin

2θ W

FR

OM

ELA

STICe−ν

SC

ATTE

RIN

G:

CLE

AN

PR

OB

EO

FTH

EE

LEC

TR

OW

EA

KC

OU

PLI

NG

S,

....

BU

TW

ITH

SM

ALL

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

N:

elas

tic/

DIS∼me/m

p

dσ dy

(νe−→νe−

)=

2G2 FmeEν

π

[ g2 L

+g

2 R(1−y)2] ;

y≡Ee/E

ν

AT

NU

FA

CT

EX

PE

CT∼

107

EV

EN

TS/Y

R.

WIT

Hµ

+B

EA

M,

HA

LFW

ITHµ−

BE

AM

(2to

nC

H4

or20

ton

liqu

idA

rd

etec

t.;

one

yr.

:∫Ldt

=8.

6·1

010p

b−

1);

NO

TE:σ∝Eν

sin

2θ W

ISD

ETE

RM

INE

DF

RO

Mg A

,g V

(ORg L

,g R

):R

EA

CTIO

Ng L

g Rg

2 L+

1 3g

2 R

νµe−→νµe−

(NC

)−

1 2+

sin

2θ W

sin

2θ W

0.0

91

νµe−→νµe−

(NC

)si

n2θ W

−1 2

+si

n2θ W

0.0

77

νee−→νee−

(NC

+CC

)1 2

+si

n2θ W

sin

2θ W

0.5

51

νee−→νee−

(NC

+CC

)si

n2θ W

1 2+

sin

2θ W

0.2

31

sin

2θ W

FR

OM

ELA

STICe−ν

SC

ATTE

RIN

G:

CLE

AN

PR

OB

EO

FTH

EE

LEC

TR

OW

EA

KC

OU

PLI

NG

S,

....

BU

TW

ITH

SM

ALL

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

N:

elas

tic/

DIS∼me/m

p

dσ dy

(νe−→νe−

)=

2G2 FmeEν

π

[ g2 L

+g

2 R(1−y)2] ;

y≡Ee/E

ν

AT

NU

FA

CT

EX

PE

CT∼

107

EV

EN

TS/Y

R.

WIT

Hµ

+B

EA

M,

HA

LFW

ITHµ−

BE

AM

(2to

nC

H4

or20

ton

liqu

idA

rd

etec

t.;

one

yr.

:∫Ldt

=8.

6·1

010p

b−

1);

NO

TE:σ∝Eν

sin

2θ W

ISD

ETE

RM

INE

DF

RO

Mg A

,g V

(ORg L

,g R

):R

EA

CTIO

Ng L

g Rg

2 L+

1 3g

2 R

νµe−→νµe−

(NC

)−

1 2+

sin

2θ W

sin

2θ W

0.0

91

νµe−→νµe−

(NC

)si

n2θ W

−1 2

+si

n2θ W

0.0

77

νee−→νee−

(NC

+CC

)1 2

+si

n2θ W

sin

2θ W

0.5

51

νee−→νee−

(NC

+CC

)si

n2θ W

1 2+

sin

2θ W

0.2

31

CU

RR

EN

TS

TA

TU

Ssi

n2θ W

=0.

2324±

0.00

58(s

tat)±

0.00

59(s

yst

)(C

HA

RM

II,1

994)

HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y(N

EU

TR

INO

FA

CTO

RY)

UN

CE

RTA

INTIE

S:

(×10−

4)

AT

TH

EN

UFA

CT,

CA

NN

OT

DIS

EN

TA

NG

LEνµ,νe

INAµ−

BE

AM

(UN

LES

SM

UO

NIN

FIN

AL

STA

TE)

02468101214161820

05

1015

2025

3035

δs2w [10−4

]

(a)

Em

in(e

- ) [G

eV]

µ- bea

mµ+ b

eam

optim

al µ

- bea

m

02468101214161820

05

1015

2025

3035

δs2w [10−4

]

(b)

Em

in(e

- ) [G

eV]

µ- : dL/

L=1,

5,10

10-4

µ+ : dL/

L=1,

5,10

10-4

STA

T.U

NC

ER

TA

INTY

SY

ST.

LUM

I.U

NC

ER

TA

INTY

•S

IGN

AL:

FO

RW

AR

De

TR

AC

KW

ITH

NO

HA

DR

ON

S,E>Emin

•B

AC

KG

RO

UN

D:

QU

AS

IELA

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SC

ATTE

RIN

G,

RE

MO

VE

WIT

HpT

CU

T

LOW

EN

ER

GY

(?)

•TH

EC

RO

SS

SE

CTIO

NA

GA

IN

dσ dy

(νe−→νe−

)=

2G

2 FmeEν

π

[ g2 L

+g

2 R(1−y)2]

⇒LO

OS

EFA

CTO

R∼

30FR

OM

EN

ER

GY,

&∼

30FR

OM

FLU

X

•PU

REν e

ORν e

BE

AM⇒

NE

ED

NO

TC

ON

STR

UC

T“O

PTIM

AL”

BE

AM

•G

OO

DC

ON

TR

OL

ON

FLU

XN

OR

MA

LIZA

TIO

N(D

OM

INA

NT

SYS

TE

MA

TIC

S)

δsi

n2θ W

PE

RH

APS∼

10−

3O

RE

VE

N10−

4?

ME

AS

UR

EM

EN

TA

TLO

WE

NE

RG

Y⇒

TE

ST

OF

RA

DIA

TIV

EC

OR

RE

CTIO

NS

TH

EN

EU

TR

INO-N

UC

LEO

NC

RO

SS

SE

CTIO

N

Eν< ∼MN⇒

QU

AS

IELA

STIC

:σ/E

νD

RO

PS

BE

CA

US

EO

FFO

RM

FA

CTO

REν< ∼MN⇒

DE

EP-I

NE

LAS

TIC

:σ/E

ν∼

CO

NS

TA

NT

sin

2θ W

FR

OM

DIS

AT

TH

Eν

FA

CTO

RY:

•C

AN

NO

TD

ISE

NTA

NG

LEN

Cν,ν

EV

EN

TB

YE

VE

NT

•H

OW

EV

ER,

CA

NM

EA

SU

RE

NC

/CC

RA

TIO

S

CO

NS

TR

UC

TA

N“I

DE

AL”

OB

SE

RVA

BLE

:

Rµ−

=σNC

(νµ)

+σNC

(νe)

σCC

(νµ)

+σCC

(νe)

;Rµ

+

=σNC

(νµ)

+σNC

(νe)

σCC

(νµ)

+σCC

(νe)

;P

=σNC

(µ−

)−σNC

(µ+

)

σCC

(µ−

)−σCC

(µ+

)

OB

SE

RVA

BLE

STA

T.E

RR

OR

PD

FRµ−

0.4

∼12

Rµ

+

0.5

∼15

Rµ−−

0.8Rµ

+

2.2

∼2

P4.9

∼4

UN

CE

RTA

INTIE

SO

Nsi

n2θ W

FR

OMν

DIS

INU

NIT

SO

F10−

4

sin

2θ W

FR

OM

ELA

STIC

SC

ATTE

RIN

GO

FF

NU

CLE

ON

S

•(Q

UA

SI)E

LAS

TICν-N

UC

LEO

NC

RO

SS

SE

CTIO

NS

DE

PE

ND

ON

FIV

EIN

DE

P.FO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

(Gp M

,Gn M

,GA

,Gs M

,Gs A

)+

TH

RE

E(G

p E,Gn E

,Gs E

)W

HE

NO

(Mn/E

)TE

RM

SR

ETA

INE

D

•W

ITHν,ν

BE

AM

S&p,n

TA

RG

ETS,

SIX

IND

EP.

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

–E>>Mn⇒

FIV

EX

SE

CTS

AR

ELI

NE

AR

LY

IND

EPE

ND

EN

T→

CA

ND

ETE

RM

INE

WE

INB

ER

GA

NG

LEsi

n2θ W

&FO

UR

OU

TO

FFIV

EFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

(ali

nea

rco

mb

inat

ion

ofth

eth

ree

mag

net

icf.

f.is

un

det

erm

ined

)–E< ∼Mn⇒

ALL

XS

EC

TS

LIN

EA

RLY

IND

EP.

,B

UT

EIG

HT

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RS→

NE

ED

TO

INPU

TTH

RE

EFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

•W

ITHν,ν

BE

AM

S&

NU

CLE

ON

TA

RG

ETS,(O

NLYp,

ISO

SC

ALA

RN

UC

LEI,.

..)

FO

UR

IND

EP.

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

NE

ED

TO

INPU

TS

TR

AN

GE

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RGs A

sin

2θ W

FR

OM

ELA

STIC

SC

ATTE

RIN

GO

FF

NU

CLE

ON

S

•(Q

UA

SI)E

LAS

TICν-N

UC

LEO

NC

RO

SS

SE

CTIO

NS

DE

PE

ND

ON

FIV

EIN

DE

P.FO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

(Gp M

,Gn M

,GA

,Gs M

,Gs A

)+

TH

RE

E(G

p E,Gn E

,Gs E

)W

HE

NO

(Mn/E

)TE

RM

SR

ETA

INE

D

•W

ITHν,ν

BE

AM

S&p,n

TA

RG

ETS,

SIX

IND

EP.

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

–E>>Mn⇒

FIV

EX

SE

CTS

AR

ELI

NE

AR

LY

IND

EPE

ND

EN

T→

CA

ND

ETE

RM

INE

WE

INB

ER

GA

NG

LEsi

n2θ W

&FO

UR

OU

TO

FFIV

EFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

(ali

nea

rco

mb

inat

ion

ofth

eth

ree

mag

net

icf.

f.is

un

det

erm

ined

)

–E< ∼Mn⇒

ALL

XS

EC

TS

LIN

EA

RLY

IND

EP.

,B

UT

EIG

HT

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RS→

NE

ED

TO

INPU

TTH

RE

EFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

•W

ITHν,ν

BE

AM

S&

NU

CLE

ON

TA

RG

ETS,(O

NLYp,

ISO

SC

ALA

RN

UC

LEI,.

..)

FO

UR

IND

EP.

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

NE

ED

TO

INPU

TS

TR

AN

GE

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RGs A

sin

2θ W

FR

OM

ELA

STIC

SC

ATTE

RIN

GO

FF

NU

CLE

ON

S

•(Q

UA

SI)E

LAS

TICν-N

UC

LEO

NC

RO

SS

SE

CTIO

NS

DE

PE

ND

ON

FIV

EIN

DE

P.FO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

(Gp M

,Gn M

,GA

,Gs M

,Gs A

)+

TH

RE

E(G

p E,Gn E

,Gs E

)W

HE

NO

(Mn/E

)TE

RM

SR

ETA

INE

D

•W

ITHν,ν

BE

AM

S&p,n

TA

RG

ETS,

SIX

IND

EP.

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

–E>>Mn⇒

FIV

EX

SE

CTS

AR

ELI

NE

AR

LY

IND

EPE

ND

EN

T→

CA

ND

ETE

RM

INE

WE

INB

ER

GA

NG

LEsi

n2θ W

&FO

UR

OU

TO

FFIV

EFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

(ali

nea

rco

mb

inat

ion

ofth

eth

ree

mag

net

icf.

f.is

un

det

erm

ined

)–E< ∼Mn⇒

ALL

XS

EC

TS

LIN

EA

RLY

IND

EP.

,B

UT

EIG

HT

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RS→

NE

ED

TO

INPU

TTH

RE

EFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

•W

ITHν,ν

BE

AM

S&

NU

CLE

ON

TA

RG

ETS,(O

NLYp,

ISO

SC

ALA

RN

UC

LEI,.

..)

FO

UR

IND

EP.

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

NE

ED

TO

INPU

TS

TR

AN

GE

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RGs A

sin

2θ W

FR

OM

ELA

STIC

SC

ATTE

RIN

GO

FF

NU

CLE

ON

S

•(Q

UA

SI)E

LAS

TICν-N

UC

LEO

NC

RO

SS

SE

CTIO

NS

DE

PE

ND

ON

FIV

EIN

DE

P.FO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

(Gp M

,Gn M

,GA

,Gs M

,Gs A

)+

TH

RE

E(G

p E,Gn E

,Gs E

)W

HE

NO

(Mn/E

)TE

RM

SR

ETA

INE

D

•W

ITHν,ν

BE

AM

S&p,n

TA

RG

ETS,

SIX

IND

EP.

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

–E>>Mn⇒

FIV

EX

SE

CTS

AR

ELI

NE

AR

LY

IND

EPE

ND

EN

T→

CA

ND

ETE

RM

INE

WE

INB

ER

GA

NG

LEsi

n2θ W

&FO

UR

OU

TO

FFIV

EFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

(ali

nea

rco

mb

inat

ion

ofth

eth

ree

mag

net

icf.

f.is

un

det

erm

ined

)–E< ∼Mn⇒

ALL

XS

EC

TS

LIN

EA

RLY

IND

EP.

,B

UT

EIG

HT

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RS→

NE

ED

TO

INPU

TTH

RE

EFO

RM

FA

CTO

RS

•W

ITHν,ν

BE

AM

S&

NU

CLE

ON

TA

RG

ETS,(O

NLYp,

ISO

SC

ALA

RN

UC

LEI,.

..)

FO

UR

IND

EP.

CR

OS

SS

EC

TIO

NS

NE

ED

TO

INPU

TS

TR

AN

GE

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RGs A

BE

AM

OPTIO

NS

AN

DQ

UA

NTIT

ATIV

EE

STIM

ATE

S(P

.F

erra

rio,

S.F

.)

•TW

OE

XTR

EM

EE

NE

RG

YS

CE

NA

RIO

S:

β60→〈E

ν〉≈

200

MEV

(LO

WE

NE

RG

Y)

β1500→〈E

ν〉≈

5G

EV

(HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y)

•C

OM

PU

TE

RA

TE

SO

N4.4

MTO

NW

ATE

RA

T130

KM

:Φν∼

Φν∼

10

11/(m

2yr)

–at

low

ener

gy,∼

1.5×

10

5C

Cν

and

as

manyν

even

ts;∼

3×

1.6

10

4N

Cpro

tonν

and∼

halfν

even

ts,∼

3×

1.3

10

4N

Cneu

tronν

and∼

halfν

even

ts

–at

hig

hen

ergy,∼

3×

10

6C

Cν

and

as

manyν

even

ts;∼

3×

1.5

10

5N

Cpro

tonν

and

as

manyν

even

ts,∼

3×

1.3

10

5N

Cneu

tronν

and

as

manyν

even

ts

•B

INE

VE

NTS

W.

XS

EC

TA

PPR

OX

CO

NS

TA

NT

INB

IN:

AN

G.

RE

SO

LUTIO

N∆θ∼

5◦

NO

TEy

DE

PE

ND

EN

CE

DR

IVE

NB

YF

OR

MFA

CTO

RTH

RO

UG

HQ

2=

2Mp(yEν−Mp)

–at

low

ener

gy,

rate

unif

orm

lydis

trib

ute

din∼

20

bin

sof

0.0

03<Q

2<

0.1

GeV

2

–at

hig

hen

ergy,

rate

conce

ntr

ate

din

firs

ttw

oout

of∼

20

bin

sQ

2< ∼

1G

eV2

•E

RR

OR

ON

sin

2θ W

:LO

WE

NE

RG

Y:δ

=∼

2×

10−

3(W

ITH

P/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N);

δ=∼

1×

10−

2(W

ITH

OU

TP/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N)

HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y:δ

=∼

5×

10−

3(W

ITH

OR

WIT

HO

UT

P/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N)

–no

signifi

cant

gain

from

p/n

at

hig

hen

ergy:

dep

.of

xse

ctonGs A

ver

yw

eak

–no

signifi

cant

gain

from

hig

hen

ergy:

incr

ease

dxse

ctin

low

-yw

her

edep

on

sin

2θ W

wea

k

BE

AM

OPTIO

NS

AN

DQ

UA

NTIT

ATIV

EE

STIM

ATE

S(P

.F

erra

rio,

S.F

.)

•TW

OE

XTR

EM

EE

NE

RG

YS

CE

NA

RIO

S:

β60→〈E

ν〉≈

200

MEV

(LO

WE

NE

RG

Y)

β1500→〈E

ν〉≈

5G

EV

(HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y)

•C

OM

PU

TE

RA

TE

SO

N4.4

MTO

NW

ATE

RA

T130

KM

:Φν∼

Φν∼

10

11/(m

2yr)

–at

low

ener

gy,∼

1.5×

10

5C

Cν

and

as

manyν

even

ts;∼

3×

1.6

10

4N

Cpro

tonν

and∼

halfν

even

ts,∼

3×

1.3

10

4N

Cneu

tronν

and∼

halfν

even

ts

–at

hig

hen

ergy,∼

3×

10

6C

Cν

and

as

manyν

even

ts;∼

3×

1.5

10

5N

Cpro

tonν

and

as

manyν

even

ts,∼

3×

1.3

10

5N

Cneu

tronν

and

as

manyν

even

ts

•B

INE

VE

NTS

W.

XS

EC

TA

PPR

OX

CO

NS

TA

NT

INB

IN:

AN

G.

RE

SO

LUTIO

N∆θ∼

5◦

NO

TEy

DE

PE

ND

EN

CE

DR

IVE

NB

YF

OR

MFA

CTO

RTH

RO

UG

HQ

2=

2Mp(yEν−Mp)

–at

low

ener

gy,

rate

unif

orm

lydis

trib

ute

din∼

20

bin

sof

0.0

03<Q

2<

0.1

GeV

2

–at

hig

hen

ergy,

rate

conce

ntr

ate

din

firs

ttw

oout

of∼

20

bin

sQ

2< ∼

1G

eV2

•E

RR

OR

ON

sin

2θ W

:LO

WE

NE

RG

Y:δ

=∼

2×

10−

3(W

ITH

P/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N);

δ=∼

1×

10−

2(W

ITH

OU

TP/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N)

HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y:δ

=∼

5×

10−

3(W

ITH

OR

WIT

HO

UT

P/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N)

–no

signifi

cant

gain

from

p/n

at

hig

hen

ergy:

dep

.of

xse

ctonGs A

ver

yw

eak

–no

signifi

cant

gain

from

hig

hen

ergy:

incr

ease

dxse

ctin

low

-yw

her

edep

on

sin

2θ W

wea

k

BE

AM

OPTIO

NS

AN

DQ

UA

NTIT

ATIV

EE

STIM

ATE

S(P

.F

erra

rio,

S.F

.)

•TW

OE

XTR

EM

EE

NE

RG

YS

CE

NA

RIO

S:

β60→〈E

ν〉≈

200

MEV

(LO

WE

NE

RG

Y)

β1500→〈E

ν〉≈

5G

EV

(HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y)

•C

OM

PU

TE

RA

TE

SO

N4.4

MTO

NW

ATE

RA

T130

KM

:Φν∼

Φν∼

10

11/(m

2yr)

–at

low

ener

gy,∼

1.5×

10

5C

Cν

and

as

manyν

even

ts;∼

3×

1.6

10

4N

Cpro

tonν

and∼

halfν

even

ts,∼

3×

1.3

10

4N

Cneu

tronν

and∼

halfν

even

ts

–at

hig

hen

ergy,∼

3×

10

6C

Cν

and

as

manyν

even

ts;∼

3×

1.5

10

5N

Cpro

tonν

and

as

manyν

even

ts,∼

3×

1.3

10

5N

Cneu

tronν

and

as

manyν

even

ts

•B

INE

VE

NTS

W.

XS

EC

TA

PPR

OX

CO

NS

TA

NT

INB

IN:

AN

G.

RE

SO

LUTIO

N∆θ∼

5◦

NO

TEy

DE

PE

ND

EN

CE

DR

IVE

NB

YF

OR

MFA

CTO

RTH

RO

UG

HQ

2=

2Mp(yEν−Mp)

–at

low

ener

gy,

rate

unif

orm

lydis

trib

ute

din∼

20

bin

sof

0.0

03<Q

2<

0.1

GeV

2

–at

hig

hen

ergy,

rate

conce

ntr

ate

din

firs

ttw

oout

of∼

20

bin

sQ

2< ∼

1G

eV2

•E

RR

OR

ON

sin

2θ W

:LO

WE

NE

RG

Y:δ

=∼

2×

10−

3(W

ITH

P/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N);

δ=∼

1×

10−

2(W

ITH

OU

TP/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N)

HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y:δ

=∼

5×

10−

3(W

ITH

OR

WIT

HO

UT

P/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N)

–no

signifi

cant

gain

from

p/n

at

hig

hen

ergy:

dep

.of

xse

ctonGs A

ver

yw

eak

–no

signifi

cant

gain

from

hig

hen

ergy:

incr

ease

dxse

ctin

low

-yw

her

edep

on

sin

2θ W

wea

k

BE

AM

OPTIO

NS

AN

DQ

UA

NTIT

ATIV

EE

STIM

ATE

S(P

.F

erra

rio,

S.F

.)

•TW

OE

XTR

EM

EE

NE

RG

YS

CE

NA

RIO

S:

β60→〈E

ν〉≈

200

MEV

(LO

WE

NE

RG

Y)

β1500→〈E

ν〉≈

5G

EV

(HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y)

•C

OM

PU

TE

RA

TE

SO

N4.4

MTO

NW

ATE

RA

T130

KM

:Φν∼

Φν∼

10

11/(m

2yr)

–at

low

ener

gy,∼

1.5×

10

5C

Cν

and

as

manyν

even

ts;∼

3×

1.6

10

4N

Cpro

tonν

and∼

halfν

even

ts,∼

3×

1.3

10

4N

Cneu

tronν

and∼

halfν

even

ts

–at

hig

hen

ergy,∼

3×

10

6C

Cν

and

as

manyν

even

ts;∼

3×

1.5

10

5N

Cpro

tonν

and

as

manyν

even

ts,∼

3×

1.3

10

5N

Cneu

tronν

and

as

manyν

even

ts

•B

INE

VE

NTS

W.

XS

EC

TA

PPR

OX

CO

NS

TA

NT

INB

IN:

AN

G.

RE

SO

LUTIO

N∆θ∼

5◦

NO

TEy

DE

PE

ND

EN

CE

DR

IVE

NB

YF

OR

MFA

CTO

RTH

RO

UG

HQ

2=

2Mp(yEν−Mp)

–at

low

ener

gy,

rate

unif

orm

lydis

trib

ute

din∼

20

bin

sof

0.0

03<Q

2<

0.1

GeV

2

–at

hig

hen

ergy,

rate

conce

ntr

ate

din

firs

ttw

oout

of∼

20

bin

sQ

2< ∼

1G

eV2

•E

RR

OR

ON

sin

2θ W

:LO

WE

NE

RG

Y:δ

=∼

2×

10−

3(W

ITH

P/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N);

δ=∼

1×

10−

2(W

ITH

OU

TP/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N)

HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y:δ

=∼

5×

10−

3(W

ITH

OR

WIT

HO

UT

P/N

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N)

–no

signifi

cant

gain

from

p/n

at

hig

hen

ergy:

dep

.of

xse

ctonGs A

ver

yw

eak

–no

signifi

cant

gain

from

hig

hen

ergy:

incr

ease

dxse

ctin

low

-yw

her

edep

on

sin

2θ W

wea

k

DE

TE

CTIO

NC

ON

STR

AIN

TS

(V.

Anto

nel

li,

G.

Batt

isto

ni,

S.F

.)

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WA

TE

RC

ER

EN

KO

V,

NE

ED

p E>

0.7

5F

OR

RE

CO

ILIN

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OTO

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p>

1.1

GEV

;C

AN

NO

TD

ETE

CT

RE

CO

ILIN

GN

EU

TR

ON

•IN

LIQ

UID

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NE

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300

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50

MEV

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OR

DE

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EA

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BLE

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OTO

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AC

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NO

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SE

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RE

FF

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NN

OT

DE

TE

CT

RE

CO

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GN

EU

TR

ON

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RH

APS

NE

UTR

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DE

TE

CTIO

NPO

SS

IBLE

TH

RO

UG

HR

EC

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AF

TE

RD

EU

TE

RIU

MB

RE

AK

UP

(SN

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UA

SIE

LAS

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CO

NTR

IBN

LAR

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ER

GY

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AX

IMIZ

ED

ETE

CTIO

NE

FF

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IEN

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HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y

⇒O

PTIM

AL

EN

ER

GY

AR

OU

ND

1G

EV

DE

TE

CTIO

NC

ON

STR

AIN

TS

(V.

Anto

nel

li,

G.

Batt

isto

ni,

S.F

.)

•IN

WA

TE

RC

ER

EN

KO

V,

NE

ED

p E>

0.7

5F

OR

RE

CO

ILIN

GPR

OTO

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p>

1.1

GEV

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NO

TD

ETE

CT

RE

CO

ILIN

GN

EU

TR

ON

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LIQ

UID

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NE

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300

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50

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OR

DE

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EA

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BLE

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OTO

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AC

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NO

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ON

FU

SE

WIT

HN

UC

LEA

RE

FF

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TS

CA

NN

OT

DE

TE

CT

RE

CO

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GN

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TR

ON

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RH

APS

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DE

TE

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IBLE

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RO

UG

HR

EC

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AF

TE

RD

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TE

RIU

MB

RE

AK

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UA

SIE

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CO

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IBN

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ER

GY

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AX

IMIZ

ED

ETE

CTIO

NE

FF

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CY→

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HE

NE

RG

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PTIM

AL

EN

ER

GY

AR

OU

ND

1G

EV

DE

TE

CTIO

NC

ON

STR

AIN

TS

(V.

Anto

nel

li,

G.

Batt

isto

ni,

S.F

.)

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WA

TE

RC

ER

EN

KO

V,

NE

ED

p E>

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CT

RE

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GN

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ON

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DE

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BLE

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AC

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NO

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SE

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RE

FF

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NN

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DE

TE

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RE

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TR

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APS

NE

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TE

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NPO

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TH

RO

UG

HR

EC

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AF

TE

RD

EU

TE

RIU

MB

RE

AK

UP

(SN

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UA

SIE

LAS

TIC

CO

NTR

IBN

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ER

GY

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AX

IMIZ

ED

ETE

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NE

FF

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IEN

CY→

HIG

HE

NE

RG

Y

⇒O

PTIM

AL

EN

ER

GY

AR

OU

ND

1G

EV

sin

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AT

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EN

ER

GY:

(TE

NTA

TIV

E)

QU

AN

TIT

ATIV

EC

ON

CLU

SIO

NS

•M

EA

SU

RE

ME

NT

WIT

HW

ATE

RC

ER

EN

KO

V&

PR

ES

EN

TTE

CH

NO

LOG

YN

OT

RE

ALI

STIC

•M

EA

SU

RE

ME

NT

WIT

HPR

ES

EN

TIC

AR

US

TE

CH

NO

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AS

IBLE

–C

UTpp> ∼

300

MEV

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0.1

GEV

2

⇒LO

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OF

2/3

OF

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ST

BIN

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BO

UT

25%

OF

TO

TA

L

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TFA

RD

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CTO

R,

ME

AS

UR

EM

EN

TO

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CO

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TIT

IVE

WIT

HLA

RG

EV

OLU

ME

(5M

TO

NTO

RE

AC

H5×

10−

3A

CC

UR

AC

Y)

–A

TN

EA

RD

ETE

CTO

RM

EA

SU

RE

ME

NT

ALR

EA

DY

CO

MPE

TIT

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WIT

HS

MA

LLV

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ME

(500

TO

NTO

RE

AC

H5×

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CC

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AC

Y)

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NO

TE

CH

NO

LOG

YM

IGH

TE

NA

BLE

LOW

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ER

GY

ME

AS

UR

EM

EN

T,

MU

ST

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ATE

D

sin

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GY:

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E)

QU

AN

TIT

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NS

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EA

SU

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NT

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EN

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CH

NO

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RE

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EA

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RE

ME

NT

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EN

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AR

US

TE

CH

NO

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IBLE

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UTpp> ∼

300

MEV

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ESQ

2> ∼

0.1

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2

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OF

2/3

OF

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EC

TIN

FIR

ST

BIN

,A

BO

UT

25%

OF

TO

TA

L

–A

TFA

RD

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CTO

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ME

AS

UR

EM

EN

TO

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MPE

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RG

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ME

(5M

TO

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RE

AC

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3A

CC

UR

AC

Y)

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EA

RD

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RM

EA

SU

RE

ME

NT

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EA

DY

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MA

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ME

(500

TO

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RE

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H5×

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NO

TE

CH

NO

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QU

AN

TIT

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EC

ON

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NS

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EA

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NT

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KO

V&

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EN

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NO

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RE

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CH

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300

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TA

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OM

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PE

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CE

OF

(E.G

.)

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dxdy−d

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dxdy

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2 F

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(1+Q

2/m

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2

xy

[ λ`y(2−y)xg 1

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1 2

( gW

+

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+

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)=

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∆s;

1 2

( gW−

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only

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ech

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d

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G.R

idolfi

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IPLE

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1.1

1±

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INF

OO

N∆q−

∆q

•ν–F

AC

T.:a

3=

1.1

07±

0.0

06;

∆(u−u

)=

0.7

64±

0.0

06;

∆(d−d)

=−

0.3

20±

0.0

08;

ISTH

EG

LUO

NC

ON

TR

IBU

TIO

N“L

AR

GE”?

(w.r

.to

qu

ark

)IS

TH

ES

CA

LE–I

NVA

RIA

NT

QU

AR

K“S

MA

LL”?

(w.r

.to

oct

et)

•P

RE

SE

NT:

GLU

ON:

∆g(1,1

GeV

2)

=0.8±

0.2

;S

CA

LE–I

NV.

QU

AR

K∆

Σ(1

)=

0.3

8±

0.0

3;

OC

TE

Ta

8=

0.6±

30%

(?)

•ν–F

AC

T.:

“AN

OM

ALY”

∆g

=0.9±

0.1

;∆

Σ=

0.3

9±

0.0

1;a

8=

0.5

6±

0.0

1‘I N

STA

NTO

N”

∆g

=0.2±

0.1

;∆

Σ=

0.3

2±

0.0

1;a

8=

0.5

7±

0.0

1

ISTH

ES

TR

AN

GE

NE

SS

“VA

LEN

CE

LIK

E”?

•P

RE

SE

NT:

NO

INF

OR

MA

TIO

NO

NVA

LEN

CE–S

EA

SE

PA

RA

TIO

N

•ν–F

AC

T.:

‘INS

TA

NTO

N”

[∆s−

∆s]

(1,1

GeV

2)

=−

0.0

07±

0.0

07;

‘SK

YR

MIO

N”

[∆s−

∆s]

(1,1

GeV

2)

=−

0.1

06±

0.0

08;

CA

NE

AS

ILY

TE

LLS

CE

NA

RIO

SFR

OM

EA

CH

OTH

ER

BU

TE

RR

OR

ON

SIN

GLE

TD

RIV

EN

BY

SYS

TE

RR

OR

ON

GLU

ON:

ON

LY

OB

STA

CLE

TO

FU

LLS

PIN

STR

UC

TU

RE

IS∆g!

TH

EPR

OTO

NS

PIN

STR

UC

TU

RE

FR

OM

LOW

-EN

ER

GY

DA

TA

AX

IAL

CH

AR

GE

SF

RO

ME

LAS

TICν-p

SC

ATTE

RIN

G(K

apla

n&

Manohar,

1988):

〈p′ |js 5µ|p〉=

u(p′ )γµγ

5u

(p)G

s A(Q

2);

Gs A

(0)

=∆s

•C

AN

DE

TE

RM

INE

∆s

FR

OM

FO

RW

AR

DS

TR

AN

GE

AX

IAL

FO

RM

FA

CTO

R

•D

ETE

RM

INE

FO

RM

FA

CTO

RA

TS

MA

LLQ

2&

EX

TR

APO

LATE

TOQ

2=

0

•C

OR

RE

CTIO

NS

FR

OM

HIG

HE

RD

IME

NS

ION

AL

OPE

RA

TO

RS

KN

OW

N&

SM

ALL

•C

AN

EX

TR

AC

TGA

FR

OM

UN

PO

LAR

IZE

DX

SE

CT,

BU

TW

.LA

RG

EE

RR

OR

PO

LAR

IZE

DE

LAS

TIC

CA

SE

WO

RTH

INV

ES

TIG

ATIN

G

CO

NC

LUS

ION

S

•N

EU

TR

INO

SC

ATTTE

RIN

GE

XPE

RIM

EN

TS

HAV

EB

EE

N

CR

UC

IAL

INE

STA

BLI

SH

ING

TH

ES

TA

ND

AR

DM

OD

EL

•A

TPR

ES

EN

T,TH

EY

STR

ETC

HTH

EB

OU

ND

AR

IES

OF

TH

ES

TA

ND

AR

DM

OD

EL

•N

EW

PH

YS

ICS

ISB

EH

IND

TH

EC

OR

NE

R

CO

NC

LUS

ION

S

•N

EU

TR

INO

SC

ATTTE

RIN

GE

XPE

RIM

EN

TS

HAV

EB

EE

N

CR

UC

IAL

INE

STA

BLI

SH

ING

TH

ES

TA

ND

AR

DM

OD

EL

•A

TPR

ES

EN

T,TH

EY

STR

ETC

HTH

EB

OU

ND

AR

IES

OF

TH

ES

TA

ND

AR

DM

OD

EL

•N

EW

PH

YS

ICS

ISB

EH

IND

TH

EC

OR

NE

R

CO

NC

LUS

ION

S

•N

EU

TR

INO

SC

ATTTE

RIN

GE

XPE

RIM

EN

TS

HAV

EB

EE

N

CR

UC

IAL

INE

STA

BLI

SH

ING

TH

ES

TA

ND

AR

DM

OD

EL

•A

TPR

ES

EN

T,TH

EY

STR

ETC

HTH

EB

OU

ND

AR

IES

OF

TH

ES

TA

ND

AR

DM

OD

EL

•N

EW

PH

YS

ICS

ISB

EH

IND

TH

EC

OR

NE

R

CA

NM

EA

SU

RE

AC

CU

RA

TE

LY

SH

APE

OF

LIG

HT

FLA

VO

RS

BU

TN

OT

STR

AN

GE

NE

SS

OR

CH

AR

M

UN

LES

STH

EG

LUO

NIS

KN

OW

N

(CO

MPA

SS

,R

HIC

!)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5 10

-310

-210

-1

x

-0.2

5

-0.2

-0.1

5

-0.1

-0.0

50

0.050.1

0.15

10-3

10-2

10-1

x

-0.5

-0.2

50

0.250.5

0.751

1.251.5

1.752 10

-310

-210

-1

x

-0.0

4

-0.0

3

-0.0

2

-0.0

10

0.01

0.02

10-3

10-2

10-1

x

BLU

MLE

IN&

BO

TTC

HE

R,2003

νFA

CT

PA

RTO

NS

&D

ATA

gW−

1−gW−

5∼

∆u

+∆c−αs

4π

∆g

gW

+

1−gW

+

5∼

∆d

+∆s−αs

4π

∆g

•C

HA

RM

FA

CTO

RY

PH

YS

ICS:

CH

AR

MPR

OD

UC

ED

INW

++s→c

easi

lyta

gged

thro

ugh

dim

uon

sign

al,

2n

dm

uon

from

sub

sequ

entc

dec

ay⇒

STR

AN

GE

QU

AR

K

•Λ

PO

LAR

IZA

TIO

NIN

TH

EC

UR

RE

NT

FR

AG

ME

NTA

TIO

NR

EG

ION⇒

FR

AG

ME

NTA

TIO

N

FU

NC

TIO

NS

•ν–I

ND

UC

ED

EX

CLU

SIV

EDs

PR

OD

UC

TIO

N⇒

GE

NE

RA

LIZ

ED

PA

RTO

ND

ISTR

IBU

TIO

NS

AN

EX

AM

PLE

:PO

LAR

IZE

DS

TR

AN

GE

NE

SS

-0.0

10

0.01

10-2

10-1

1

µ2 = 2

2 G

eV2

c)

ξ∆ s

( ξ

, µ2 )

-0.0

10

0.01

10-2

10-1

1

µ2 = 1

3 G

eV2

-0.0

10

0.01

10-2

10-1

1

µ2 = 8

GeV

2

-0.0

10

0.01

10-2

10-1

1

µ2 = 5

GeV

2

-0.0

10

0.01

10-2

10-1

1 ξ

µ2 = 3

.5 G

eV2

Str

an

ge

dis

tn.

at

LO

dir

ectl

yd

eter

min

edby

tagged

–ch

arm

stru

ctu

refu

nct

ion

:

gW

+

1,c

(x,Q

2)

=|Vcs|2

∆s(ξ,µ

2 c)

+|Vcd|2

∆d(ξ,µ

2 c);

ξ=x

(1+m

2 c/Q

2);µ

2 c=Q

2+m

2 c

Sta

tist

ical

erro

rssm

all

;h

owev

erla

rge

erro

rin

-

du

ced

by

QC

Dco

rrn

s.d

ue

tou

nce

rtain

tyon

glu

on

EX

CE

LLE

NT

DE

TE

RM

INA

TIO

NO

FS

HA

PE

IFG

LUO

N

KN

OW

N(C

OM

PA

SS

,R

HIC

...)