…and much more! · ―always have a plan “b” * project flow ―project manager, staff...
TRANSCRIPT
STATION SET-UP: Location, Location, Location
…and Much More!
Hanford Site, SJVAPCD
Thanks to the contributions and great efforts of:
Reggie Smith, CARB
Laura Niles, CARB
Wendy Caruso, NCUAQMD
Mathew Plate, EPA R-9
Jaime Contreras, SLOCAPCD
The whole PQAO-CAC
STATION SET-UP PRESENTATION:
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TRAINING OBJECTIVES
Attendee will recognize importance in maintaining close communications with US-EPA R-9 and CARB when making modification to an air monitoring network, such as adding a new site.
Attendee will recognize some of the potential pitfalls to avoid during monitoring station planning and network modifications.
Attendee will understand a generalized flow process and logistics for the setup of a monitoring station.
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FOREWORD
No complete guidance has been developed for the construction and setup of a monitoring station.
The following information is not intended to replace any EPA or CARB formal document, it is rather a summary of experiences from staff that has been involved with these tasks.
The following bits and tips of knowledge are presented here for your consideration.
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SITE PLANNING & STATION SETUP WILL TALK ABOUT…
* Site Planning
― Site Selection Process, Siting Requirements, Location Options,
― Always have a plan “B”
* Project Flow
― Project Manager, Staff Involved, Budget, Logistics
* Building
― Station: Requirements, Selection, Design, Safety, Purchase
* Station Setup
― Temperature Control, Calibration System, DAS Options, Samplers Placement, Audit Equipment Accessibility
Instrument Selection
― EPA Designation, CAS List, PQAO Standardization, Acceptance Test, and Documentation
All you wanted to know, but were afraid to ask…! 5
REFERENCES
EPA QA Handbook Vol. II and IV
40 CFR Part 58, Sect 14
40 CFR Part 58 Appendix D, E
ARB Quality Assurance Manual
Further details can be shared with anyone by contacting:
CARB PQAO coordinator Mike MIguel
San Luis Obispo County APCD Jaime Contreras
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In air monitoring we learn something new every day, right?...so today you will learn:
SITE / STATION PLANNING
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Is a Group Effort
SITE / STATION PLANNING STAFF INVOLVED
Air Monitoring
Planners
AQ Modelers
Safety Officer
IT
Finance
Legal
Outreach
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SITE / STATION PLANNING
Determine needs for building a new site
―Monitoring Requirement, Mandate, SPM, other
Site Selection Process
―Siting criteria, access to site, permits, leasing, safety
Station & Equipment Selection
―Trailer, Modular, Container, Building, other
* Site Construction
―Own construction, Outsource, RFP, Contracts, Coordination
* Construction Project
― Implement project plan at the best time & plan to be busy
* Project Plan
― Project manager needs to tie all logistics together
WHY
WHERE
WHAT
WHO
WHEN
HOW
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PROJECT GENERAL FLOW AFTER EPA & ARB APPROVALS FOR A NEW SITE
Location Identification
Permitting & Leasing Requirements
Learning Infrastructure Requirements
Construction, Site Operation & Staff needs
Develop Construction Project Plan & Budget
Obtaining Administration Approvals
Project Plan Implementation & Purchasing
Shelter Selection & Detail Requirements
Instrument Selection & Requirements
Acceptance Test & Initial Audit
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PROJECT MANAGER LOGISTICS FOR THE MANAGER
Useful knowledge for constructing a new site
Planning Air Monitoring Staffing Communications Budgeting Safety
Reconnaissance Contract writing
Negotiating Construction
Scheduling Goods Procurement
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Siting goal is to correctly match the spatial scale represented by the sample of monitored air with the spatial scale most appropriate for the monitoring objective of the station
EPA QA Handbook Vol. II
section 6.2
SITE SELECTION GOAL
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS
Monitoring Objectives
Representative Monitoring Scale
Micro
Neighborhood
Regional
Highest Concentration
Population
General Background
Regional Transport
Source Impact
Welfare Related
Urban
Middle
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Private Property ―Offices
―Churches
―Ranches
―Vacant Lots
Public Property ―Schools
―Water Well Yards
―Fire Stations
―Airports
―County Property
SITE SELECTION PROCESS TYPICAL SITE LOCATIONS
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS LOCATION OPTIONS
Private Property ― Rent is negotiable but it is usually the highest rent cost
― Terms are easier to negotiate, but
― Longevity of site are uncertain, property owners change and site faces new leasing terms and the potential for relocation becomes greater.
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS LOCATION OPTIONS
Public Property ―Free or low rent cost!
―Sites are relative secure and most have good access.
―Enhances transparency of District activities.
―Locations are established and generally all services are available.
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS LOCATION OPTIONS
Schools ―Are generally interested in housing health / science projects. ―Have their own building jurisdiction and do not require external
permits. ―School Board reviews project and gives the construction plan
approval. ―They often negotiate student’s site visits for science
educational curriculum ―Consider student’s safety, not only your staff. ―Be mindful about school districts enforcing DOJ background
checks for accessing school campus.
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS EMISSION SOURCES
Consider Using:
Inventory list
Modeling maps
Planning project info
Permits in progress, etc.
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS METEOROLOGY & TERRAIN
* Use satellite imagery, elevation profiles, yearly met average info.
* Visit the areas in person!
* Understand yearly weather info to evaluate candidate sites
http://weatherspark.com
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Morning
Wind
Speed and
Direction
During High
Ozone day
9/27/06
CANSAC Product
www.cefa.dri.edu/COFF/cansac_output.htm
SITE SELECTION PROCESS METEOROLOGY MODELS
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS & ELEVATION PROFILE
Google Earth
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS ANNUAL AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC COUNT
Examine latest local county AADT counts
Consider planned or potential road expansion projects
Council of Government
COG
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS POPULATION CENSUS
Consider projections population growth and residential development projects.
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS POLLUTANT TRANSPORT
Analyze historic transport trends, developing or forecasted changes in air quality
Carrizo Plains, Maximum Hourly Ozone Levels by Season
0 5
10 mph 15
20 25
30 35
W
S
N
E
spring (MAM)
0 5
10 mph 15
20 25
30 35
W
S
N
E
summer (JJA)
0 5
10 mph 15
20 25
30 35
W
S
N
E
autumn (SON)
0 5
10 mph 15
20 25
30 35
W
S
N
E
winter (DJF)
max
O3
30
40
50
60
70
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SITE SELECTION PROCESS NEW OR RELOCATION SITE CHECKLIST
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SITING REQUIREMENTS WD & ROAD DISTANCES
Wind flow arc obstructions
Nearby pollution sources
Known pollutant scrubbers
Road to probe distance
Probe elevation 27
SITING REQUIREMENTS EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Consider site & monitoring location for potential incident management, like: Wildfire, Toxics, Nuclear, Bio-terrorism, or similar.
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SITING REQUIREMENTS
Pollutant Scale (maximum monitoring path length, meters)
Height from ground to probe,
inlet or 80% of monitoring path1
Horizontal and vertical distance from supporting
structures2to probe, inlet or 90%
of monitoring path1 (meters)
Distance from trees to probe, inlet or
90% of monitoring path1
(meters)
Distance from roadways to probe, inlet or monitoring
path1 (meters)
SO2 Middle (300 m) Neighborhood Urban, and Regional (1 km)
2–15 > 1 > 10 N/A
CO Micro, middle (300 m), Neighborhood (1 km)
3± 1/2: 2–15 > 1 > 10
2–10; see Table E–2 of this appendix for middle and neighborhood scales.
NO2, O3 Middle (300 m) Neighborhood, Urban, and Regional (1 km)
2–15 > 1 > 10 See Table E–1 of this appendix for all scales.
Ozone precursors
(PAMS)
Neighborhood and Urban (1 km)
2–15 > 1 > 10 See Table E–4 of this appendix for all scales.
PM,Pb Micro: Middle, Neighborhood, Urban and Regional
2–7 (micro); 2–7 (middle PM10–2.5); 2–15 (all other scales)
> 2 (all scales, horizontal distance only)
> 10 (all scales)
2–10 (micro); see Figure E–1 of this appendix for all other scales.
Table E–4 of Appendix E to Part 58—Summary of Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria
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SITING REQUIREMENTS MONITORING WAIVER
Not always is possible to secure a site that meet all siting requirements.
After exhausting all options, it may still be possible to construct a site after applying for an EPA waiver. EPA will evaluate waivers requests in a case-by-case basis. See 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix E Section 10
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STATION REQUIREMENTS ACCESSIBLE & SAFE
Working space (shelter size and design).
―Should be safe and comfortable for staff, per EPA QA Handbook.
―Consider possibility for future monitoring expansion.
Access for staff, QA team, contractors.
―Most stations are visited according to a schedule since they are non-manned sites; many are remotely accessed. The majority of the sites are not offices, and for most no ADA requirements apply.
* Have a Plan “B” as a project “derailment” is always possible
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STATION REQUIREMENTS SAFETY CONCERNS
Safety considerations
―Must meet all OSHA safety requirements, including safe access to station and roof, non-slippery floor and roof, seismic proof, flood proof, etc.
Security for shelter and equipment
―Sound construction (minimum structural vibration), weather proof, fencing, shelter elevated for potential flood issues, vandal-safe zone, fire safe clearance, prevent unauthorized access to site, etc.
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Exterior lights
Fencing and locks
No windows
Door peepholes
Interior ladders, if
possible
Ladder gate
Cover up lattice type
met towers
Exhaust everything
CO alarms
Video surveillance
STATION REQUIREMENTS STATION SAFETY
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STATION REQUIREMENTS SHELTER COMMON LAYOUT
QA Vol. II Recommendation
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STATION REQUIREMENTS MODULAR SHELTER LAYOUT
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Electrical Service Considerations
―Need trenching? How long?
―Insufficient amp service could trigger purchase & installation of your own transformer
―Whenever possible, purchase your own utility meters
―Consider possible future monitoring expansion
Communications / Telemetry
―Hard line telephone modem connection
―Internet / LAN
―Wireless cell / Radio
―Satellite
STATION REQUIREMENTS UTILITIES
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Fire Marshall approval
―For storage of compressed gasses and combustibles
Special permits for cryogenic needs
―GC requirements, canisters cleaning
Clear all insurance coverage requirements.
―Will need to disclosed storage of chemicals and flammable products.
Other requirements like DOJ background checks and clearance for HLS restricted access places
―Restricted access to airports, schools, gov. buildings
STATION REQUIREMENTS PERMITS & INSURABILITY
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Access for audit van/equipment
―Electrical supply need for audit van exterior outlet weather proof/resistant rated 220v/50 amps.
STATION REQUIREMENTS ACCESS FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS
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15 MINUTE BREAK
QUESTIONS?
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QUICK RECAP
Among other things, we talked about: ―Site planning
―Project flow
―Location options
―Meteorology & terrain
―Siting & station’s requirements
―Shelter options and
―Staff & station safety.
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STILL AHEAD Will talk about: ―Station / shelter type ―Instrument selection oAcceptance test and oPurchase specifications
―Data Acquisition System options oAnalog vs Digital
―Construction project ―Station setup ―QC checks oManual vs automated
―Documentation
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There is nothing standard about it…! ―Office
―Stand Alone Cabinet
―Trailer
―Metal Container
―Modular Shelter
―Other
STATION SELECTION STRUCTURE SELECTION
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STATION SELECTION WEATHER & CLIMATE CONTROL
Determine climate
controls needs
― Strive for energy efficient & environmental friendliness
―Plan sites to be comfortable with stable room temperature.
―Optimally, the site should have minimal upkeep needs
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STATION SELECTION MORE SAFETY
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Always keep safety in mind!
STATION SELECTION SITE & STRUCTURE ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
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New purchase?
—Design according to needs and requirements
—Evaluate feasibility to contract construction project out
—Compare possibilities for carrying out an in-house build
—Construction project could be 100% turn-key or mix type
Moving into existing building?
—Any concerns with storing chemicals or compressed gasses?
—Have approvals for punching holes in their roof?
Monitoring stand alone enclosure?
—Consider preventative maintenance challenge due to adverse weather
STATION SELECTION SITE & STRUCTURE ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
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Shelter purchase
―Research other District’s construction projects
―Identify what type of shelter meets your needs
―Contact CARB PQAO coordinator
―Contact me, Jaime Contreras at SLO County APCD
STATION SELECTION VENDORS & PURCHASING
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SITE CONSTRUCTION: PROS OF…
Save overhead
cost, about
40% of total
Build the way you want
True team building exercise
Saves staff
TIME!
Have contract legal recourse for correcting
issues
Project completion is almost always
on time
Your Own Build Turn Key Build
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SITE CONSTRUCTION: CONS OF…
Time consuming for Project Manager &
staff involved
Expect routine work backlog
Missing learning opportunity
Deadlines often get pushed
Approach is most expensive
Some details will differ from
expected… but meet specs!
Almost always incurs in cost
overruns
Your Own Build Turn Key Build
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SITE SET UP OPTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
Automated vs Manual one point QC checks
Highly recommend auto Cal-Checks, is less work!
DAS configuration select: Digital or Analog system
Telemetry options: Internet, DSL, Cell-Modem, Satellite, Dialup
Setup equipment with easy access for repairs
Tubing and wiring should be labeled, DON’T build a rat’s nest!
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SITE SET UP SAMPLE PROBE & CALIBRATION CHECK TTP
CARB Diagram
Thru The Probe (TTP)
Cal-Check
Ambient Air FRM
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SITE SET UP PRACTICAL DESIGN
Design it with site operator in mind
― Sufficient space
around the racks
― Work station for the site operator
― Instruments setup for easy access when troubleshooting
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SITE SET UP OTHER SITE DESIGN EXAMPLES
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SITE SET UP OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
On the roof, samplers are best placing them on small platforms
—Avoid perforating shelter’s roof, they may cause leak problems. Holes will void roof warranty, or they may cost lease termination
Meteorological instrumentation
—Avoid manual lowering of tower, it is a safety risk.
—Recommend crank up-down telescopic tower.
Materials storage
—Consider necessary space for storing materials like gas cylinders, canisters, boxes, work bench, spare parts , etc. Talk to your station operators.
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SITE SET UP INSTRUMENTS SECURE PLACING
Monitor Placement
―Make sure to firmly secure samplers
―Avoid vibrations that could cause leaks or disconnections
―Make sure that AC vents do not blow directly on samplers
―This is California, land of earthquakes. Secure racks, instruments and everything else.
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SITE SET UP EXAMPLE
AC vent on ceiling
BAM on shelf
Instrument rack with slides
Lights over instruments
Closet for storage
Nearby outlets
Surge protectors 56
SHELTER DESIGN TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Adequate Cooling and Heating
—Consider the local weather conditions
Shelter Temperature Control
—Maintain 20 – 30°C, according to QA Handbook Vol. II App D.
or per manufacturer specifications.
― Most importantly is to maintain within < +/- 2 deg C standard deviation over 24 hours
—Shelter temp deviation > 2 ° C may cause some bias in the resultant concentration
—Room Temp sensor should be calibrated & data recorded for overall QC purpose
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Current effect average is about 2 ug/m3 per degree C Typical temperature drifts seen in the order of 2 degrees C Effect within the detection limit but systematic
1h Differential Temperature Drift - Bam1020
-0.02
-0.015
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53
time in hours
mg
/m3
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1h
Tem
p d
iff
C
Mass corrected Mass uncorrected 1h Delta T
SHELTER DESIGN ROOM TEMPERATURE DRIFT EFFECT
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SHELTER DESIGN WORKING CONDITIONS
Lighting
—Sufficient
—Four foot lamps for easy replacement
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SHELTER DESIGN ELECTRICAL
―Label all breakers! ―Add a 220V 50 amps external outlet to
supply power for QA audit van ―Add external weather proof 110v
outlets ―Install true grounds for met tower and
instruments
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SHELTER DESIGN ELECTRICAL
— Recommend minimum of 110 volts / 100 amps service
— Distribute electrical in multiple phases to prevent breaker overload
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SHELTER DESIGN ELECTRICAL
—Install sufficient electrical outlets and avoid extension cords!
—Add voltage conditioners / surge protectors.
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SHELTER DESIGN AUTOMATED QC CHECKS SET UP
Thru-The-Probe (TTP) Auto Cal-Check
―Replicates actual ambient sampling conditions
―Allows daily Z/P/S checks
―If need to invalidate data due to bad cal-check response, only the day(s), not weeks
―Generates more points for examining deviation trends
System Advantages
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SHELTER DESIGN MANUAL QC CHECKS SET UP
System Disadvantages * Connection to manifold does not allow detecting leaks in
sampling train
* Does not replicate sampling ambient conditions
* It is more time consuming
* Prone to cause more loss of data ―If a bad calibration occurs, it may cause the invalidation of data
until the last good known cal-check. If manual cal-checks are done biweekly, then two weeks may data result invalid, that is ~50 % of the month is gone. This puts at risk the quarter completeness.
―Must meet EPA data completeness goals!
―EPA QA Handbook Vol. II App. D
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SHELTER DESIGN DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (DAS)
Analog to Digital Conversion ― DAS influenced by electrical noise
that may account for 1 to 2 mv.
― I/O voltage range setup from 0 to 1 volts could have significant impact on accuracy readings a low concentration levels.
― For example: o PM2.5 annual 24 hr. average was
lowered to 12 µg/m3
o Daily zero response may drift due to electronic noise.
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SHELTER DESIGN DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (DAS)
Digital
― What you see is what you get!
― Instrument measurement is the value collected and reported.
― Big accuracy improvement over the AD systems
― Simplified wiring and enables bi-directional communication
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SHELTER DESIGN RESIDENCE TIME CONSIDERATION
EPA Requirement (<20 secs)
―EPA QA Handbook Vol II Appendix D
Residence Time is a common audit issue
―See Laura Niles CARB Presentation
Recommend using setups that can be audited
―High flow volume glass setups are no TTP audited, and could presents a QC issue
―Use only accepted materials
―See EPA QA Handbook Vol II section 7.3.1
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INSTRUMENT SELECTION TARGETING UNIFORM OPERATION
* FRM/FEM/ARM
—Beware that because EPA makes a FEM designation does not mean that CARB will provide QA support
* Standardization within PQAO
—Enables opportunities for sharing resources , having uniform methods, facilitates QA support.
—See CARB CAS list.
* Become familiar with the instrumentation
—Obtain a demo unit for testing and familiarization with instrumentation.
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INSTRUMENT SELECTION DESIGNATED METHODS
* EPA/CAS lists of designated methods ―http://www.epa.gov/ttnamti1/files/ambient/criter
ia/reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf
―http://www.arb.ca.gov/aaqm/qa/qa-manual/vol4/vol4pm.htm
* Keep up to date with instruments issues —A good source of info are the AMTAC meetings
and CAPCOA Air Monitoring calls, vendor’s websites
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PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS PREVENTING ISSUES
Examples of Common Issues:
―Install equipment without EPA FRM/FEM designation
o Data cannot be used as sole basis for regulatory decisions
―Not included in CAS list
o CARB cannot provide QA support or could be limited
o Data cannot be used for state standard attainment demonstration
―No software drivers developed for talking to DAS
o IT forced to write code (if it is an open-source)
―Staff will have to learn on its own and develop SOP o No outside district assistance or peer consulting
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ACCEPTANCE TEST INSTRUMENT VERIFICATION
Verifies purchase specifications
Test operation before deployment
Outlined in ARB’s Air Quality Surveillance Branch (AQSB) Acceptance Testing Protocols
Air Monitoring Web Manual http://www.arb.ca.gov/airwebmanual/index.php
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PROJECT BUDGET
What should you budget for?
― Based on construction / lease requirements and station design and operation needs.
― Budget for un-foreseeable items by adding 10% of total cost for likely cost overruns.
― Every site has unique characteristics and challenges.
― Budget should include initial year site upkeep, even cleaning supplies!
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PLAN IMPLEMENTATION READY TO START CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
Is everyone on board?
― Everyone involved must be informed
― Resolve all internal issues before moving forward
* Project RFP preparation
―Prepare detailed Request for Proposal (RFP)
―Be as descriptive and specific as possible
Project Team
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DOCUMENTING CHANGES
Update network QA reports and ANPs, QMP/ QAPP, site logs, etc.
Update site’s AQS information a.s.a.p.
Develop SOPs
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INITIAL AUDIT
…and when all is ready and operating as expected, contact the great fellows at CARB Monitoring and Laboratory Division to schedule the initial audit.
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THE END
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QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU!
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