and a 1, and a 2… examples of counting and clock- keeping in biology n kuldell for 20.020(s10)...
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and a 1, and a 2…
Examples of counting and clock-keeping in biology
N Kuldell for 20.020(S10)
02.18.09
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And a 1: telomeres
(TTAGGG)n
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And a 1: telomeres
(TTAGGG)n
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Telomeric DNA with overhanging 3’ end
3’
5’Telomerase and telomerase RNA bind overhang
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Telomeric DNA with overhanging 3’ end
3’
5’Telomerase and telomerase RNA bind overhang
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Cell type Telomerase Telomere length
Normal Somatic OFF shortens
Counting Cell Divisions with Telomere Repeats
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Cell type Telomerase Telomere length
Normal Somatic OFF shortens
Cancerous ON forever stable
Counting Cell Divisions with Telomere Repeats
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“Astragaloside IV, found in minute traces in Astragalus Membranaceus extract, is known to turn this gene on and 'activate' telomerase.
http://www.terraternal.com/Astragaloside_Telomerase.html?pid=2
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And a 2: bud scar countinghttp://organelleview.lsi.umich.edu/orgview2/
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And a 2: bud scar counting
Annu. Rev. Biochem (1998) 67:307
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And a 2: bud scar counting
Annu. Rev. Biochem (1998) 67:307
Microbiology (2003)149:3129
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And a 3: circadian rhythmsOscillation of alertness, sleep, hormone
production, body temperature and organ function
Electronics: van der Pol oscillatorL = inductor
C = capacitor
V = vacuum tube containing a tetrode
I = voltage supply
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And a 3: circadian rhythmsOscillation of alertness, sleep, hormone
production, body temperature and organ function
Hydraulic Model Negative feedback loop
>>water flows into B then through T1 into A and out through T4
>>level of A connected to T3 and T2 which drain A as level rises
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And a 3: circadian rhythmsOscillation of alertness, sleep, hormone
production, body temperature and organ function
Molecular clocks: transcriptional-translational feedback
>>RNA is made
>>turns protein production on
>>protein turns off RNA production
>>absence of RNA turns off protein production
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and a 1, and a 2, and a 3
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the end