ancylostoma english

7/27/2019 Ancylostoma English

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Hookworms

by Andrs Meraz


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The Hookworms are nematodes from thefamily of the ancylostomidae

The two species of Hookworm that affect

to human being are Ancylostomaduodenale and Necator Americanus.

A.duodenale can be find in the south ofEurope, north of Africa, and Asia.

N. americanus can be find in America andAustralia.

Hoolworm


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Life Cycle

The eggs of these parasites hatch around24-48 hours in rhabditoid larvae (ornoninfective stage).

A. duodenale N. americanus

They can hatch into the fecal matter or directly in thesoil if it have an optymal temperature.


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Rhabditoid Larvae


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Life Cycle(II)

The Juvenile larvaes ate fecal matter during3 days, then they pass to this secondlarvae stage.

5-10 after they change to larvae filariformstage. In this state they cans survive from3 to 4 weeks out of a host.


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Life Cycle (III)

Infect Humans penetrating the skin,reaching the vessels, and carried away bythe bloodstream to reach the small

intestine.

Cuttingplates in N.americanusCutting

teeth in A.duodenale


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Life Cycle(IV)

Change of skin until two times until reachthe maturity. The A. duodenale adult male is from 8-11mm

and the female is from 10-13mm The N. americanus adult male is from 7-9mm

and the females are from 9-11mm

Adult Hookworms, copule and the eggs

appears in the fecal matter in about 6weeks.

Then the life cycle starts again, the adultslives from 1 to 2 years.


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Cycle


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Transmission

Filariform larvae wait in the soil orfecal matter until they find a host.

When they do, they penetrate theskin of the feet or the hands.

Children, elder people, and peopleworking in contact with

contaminated soils have a high riskof infection.
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Pathogeny

Asymptomatic until the parasites begin tomultiply in a great amount.

The Symptoms include: Skin irritation at the site of penetration

Iron Deficiency AnemiaAbdominal painDiarrheaLoss of appetiteWeight LossfatigueShortness of breathcardiomegalyCardiac arrhythmias

Extremely cases are mental retardationand growht retardation.


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Diagnosis

Fecal samples with parasite eggsor larvae.

Observe the symptoms


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Control and Treatment

Scientist are trying to develop avaccine

In some Countries, the infection isso common that dont receive anytreatment.

Used drugs are albendazole and

mebendazole.


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Prevention

Wear shoes.

Monitor the disposal of human

feces.


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Bibliography

"Hookworm Image Library." Division ofParasitic Diseases. Center for DiseaseControl. 29 Sept. 2006

. "Hookworm Infection Fact Sheet."

Parasitic Disease Infection. Center forDisease Control. 3 Oct. 2006.

"Hookworm." Parasites and Health.Center for Disease Control. 29 Sept. 2006.

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