ancient rome. rome took everything greek and made it their own! took greek religion & changed...
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Rome took everything Greek Rome took everything Greek and made it their own!and made it their own!
Took Greek religion & changed the names
Built in similar architectural style
Also heavily influenced Roman art, literature and everything else
Time Line (before Time Line (before Christianity)Christianity)1500-1000 BCE-Latin peoples
move into Italy800 BCE-Etruscans & Greeks
move into Italy509 BCE-Romans overthrow
Etruscans and form republic264 BCE-Romans begin to
expand their empire129 BCE-Rome is master of the
Mediterranean
Rise of the RepublicRise of the Republic509 BCE Romans
set up a republicRepublic- form of
government in which leaders are elected by citizens
Who are Roman citizens?◦ Patricians (upper
class)◦ Plebians (lower
class)
Plebians vs. PatriciansPlebians vs. PatriciansBoth had right to
voteBoth paid taxesBoth served in
militaryOnly patricians
could serve in public office
System of law applied to both
How did the republic How did the republic work?work?
Consuls- elected each year to lead government/military
Praetors- ran civil law system
Senators- elected by all citizens
Tribunes- elected by plebians
Roman LawRoman LawOverseen by
government officials known as praetors
Developed a code of laws known as Law of Nations◦ Innocent until
proven guilty◦ Accused had right
to defend themselves in front of a judge
Compare & ContrastCompare & Contrast
Roman Republic American Republic
ConsulSenateTribunesPraetors
Government powers split between various elected & representative officials
PresidentSenateRepresentativesSupreme Court
Government powers split between various elected & representative officials
The Roman War MachineThe Roman War MachineConquered all of
Italian peninsula by 264 BCE
Highly organized, very disciplined
Legion- basis of Roman military
Also used as construction workers
Military structureMilitary structureLegion (5,500 men)Divided into 10
cohortsFirst cohort was
specialistsEach cohort led by
centurion
Rome Takes ControlRome Takes ControlAfter conquering
all of Italy, Rome begins to expand
Both Carthage and Rome want control of Mediterranean◦ Why?
The Three Punic WarsThe Three Punic WarsRome vs. CarthageRome vs. Carthage
1st Punic War started in 264 BCE
2nd Punic War ended in 202 BCE
3rd Punic War Rome completely destroys Carthage in 146 BCE
Rome was also conquering areas to the east during this time (Hellenistic states)
HannibalHannibalHannibal-
Carthage’s greatest general, took elephants across the Alps to attack Rome, finally beaten in 202 BCE
How to run an empire?How to run an empire?Roman
Confederation:Some people allowed
full citizenshipSome conquered
peoples are allies*Some conquered
peoples became slaves
*They could run their own affairs and even become citizens if they helped Rome succeed
SlaverySlaveryWith conquest
came massive system of slavery that became backbone of Roman life◦ Tutors◦ Musicians◦ Doctors◦ Artists◦ Gladiators◦ Shop workers◦ House servants◦ Government
workers
Slave RevoltsSlave RevoltsPeriodic
uprisingsMost famous was
in 73 BCE◦ Led by gladiator
named Spartacus
Rulers of the RealmRulers of the RealmJulius CaesarAugustus Caesar
Pax Romana-◦ Period when
Rome ruled Mediterranean
◦ Increased trade & travel
◦ Spread of Greco-Roman culture
Roman CultureRoman CultureRoman expansion
brought great wealth, but also corruption & growth of lower classes
Corruption & growth of landed estates led to rise of dictators (unlimited rule by one person)
Daily LifeDaily LifeIncreasing number
of landless poorGathered in citiesDirty, overcrowdedVoted for any
leader who promised reform
Free bread, free entertainment
ReligionReligionRoman religion was
polytheisticThey took Greek
religion and renamed everyone
312 CE- Constantine converts to Christianity, it spreads around empire (more about that later)
ArtArtHad Greek
sculpture and art in their public buildings and homes
Copied their form, but were more realistic in portraying people
Literature & LanguageLiterature & LanguageVirgil
◦ The Aeneid (similar to Homer’s epic poems)
Latin◦ Forms base for ½
of English language
◦ Basis of all Romance languages
ContributionsContributionsRepublican form
of government (which is what the US is)
Separation of government powers (judges, leaders, senators)
ArchitectureSpread of
Christianity