ancient mayan 2015. complete the kwl and anticipation guide anticipation guide what do you already...

ANCIENT MAYAN 2015

COMPLETE THE KWL AND ANTICIPATION GUIDE ANTICIPATION GUIDE What do you already know about Ancient Mayan Civilization? What do you want to know about Ancient Mayan Civilization? What do you want to learn about Ancient Mayan Civilization? http://www.history.com/topics/maya/videos/mayan- encounter?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false http://www.history.com/topics/maya/videos/mayan- encounter?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99foDilswZA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99foDilswZA

MAP Mapping Reminders: Colour all in one direction Ensure to label everything horizontally with a ruler Fine line all labels Include a compass rose Spelling Counts A DOT (.) should be used when labeling cities, placing the name of the city as close as possible Double check the criteria sheet to ensure you have all cities, towns and capitals labeled properly

MAP WHAT TO LABELWHAT TO LABEL Mexico Yucatan Peninsula Belize Guatemala Honduras El Salvador Gulf of Mexico Pacific Ocean

JOURNAL CLUES Read through the Journal Clues to Track The Expeditions.Journal Clues Order the First and Second Expedition Trace out the two routes on the map provided using two different colours Complete the three regions, central, northern and southern jigsaw activity. Answer the questions in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper.centralnorthernquestions Which region(s) did the Mayan Civilization flourish? The Mayan Civilization flourished in the Central and Northern regions.

SOUTHERN REGION Area - highly mountainous, many of which are volcanoes - soil is volcanic origin and is quite fertile - the land contains many plants and animals - towns are found in the valleys of mountains and plateaus - Guatemalan highlands and adjacent parts of El Salvador - rainfall is adequate and the temperature is neither extremely hot nor cold.

SOUTHERN REGION - Clothing Wears cotton fabric (nothing to thick/thin because of the temperature) Decorated cloths with feathers from the Quetzal birds Made from animal skin and tree bark Obsidian for knives and spears Iron pyrites for mirrors Hematite for red paint Gold and possibly copper accessories Food Ancient Mayan crops include maize, beans, squash, sweet potatoes and the cocoa beans Shelter Volcanic stone for temples, temples were made of stone and had thatched or wooden roofs Houses were not as large as houses in the north

CENTRAL REGION Area Central Mexico Comprised of low laying limestone Intersected with rivers and dotted with lakes and ponds (Now they are called swampy areas) Rainfall is very high (10 feet/year) drier season from January to May. They have forests of trees that are 150 feet tall The main animals of this area include birds, insects, lizards, a few jaguars, deer, peccary, wild pigs, monkeys, turkeys and macaws

CENTRAL REGION Clothing Have lots of clothing like ponchos and scarfs If it was really hot, they walked around naked. They had clothes made from jaguars, cougars, deer, monkeys and sloths Food The sapodilla (product of chewing gum from rubber trees) was widely used They ate insects, birds, lizards, wild pig, bananas, and deer. Shelter They live in forested areas. Trees are as high as 150ft. Some lived on farms with barns made from the wood of rubber trees. Some houses were made out of brick.

NORTHERN REGION Area Comprised mostly of the Yucatan Peninsula Air is clear and dry much less rain then other regions Almost no rivers existed because earth was made of limestone Cotton was widely exported Natural wells were the only source of water (underground rivers) Vegetation is more shrub like Huge population

NORTHERN REGION - Clothing Cotton was an important crop and most clothes were made from it they dress lightly due to the hot climate Jaguars were found in this region, but many other animals are not they used jaguar skins to elaborate their clothing Food Only crop that really grew was well was cotton. Lack of animals and vegetation meant lack of food Shelter Houses were build from trees and stones the trees they imported from other areas. Most of the houses would be made mostly from limestone.

DIARY ENTRY #1 Considering what you learned about the regions we will visit, what are you going to pack and why? You must include: Clothing items Four items for survival Your thoughts about the upcoming journey What area you want to visit the most and why

DAILY LIFE Read The Mayas and answer the questions in full, detailed sentences. An example answer would be:The Mayas 1. What geographical features did the Mayan lands include? The geographical features that the Mayan lands included were very varied. The Northern Lowlands were flat and had very little water. The Volcanic Highlands and the Southern Lowlands were Rainforests.

DAILY LIFE INFERRING PICTURE Take a look at the following photos. With your groups discuss what activities you see taking place. What items, animals, activities look familiar to you, which ones are you unsure of.

DAILY LIFE INFERRING PICTURE Now that you have seen and discussed a few daily life photos, you will need to answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Based on the pictures, would you say Mayan people were active or inactive, explain. 2. Describe at least 6 activities you see people doing. 3. Find at least 7 resources that Maya are using. An example of the would be wood used for making spears. 4. List all of the animals and birds you can name. 5. Describe two adaptations that you can see which would have helped the Maya to have more free time

DAILY LIFE BASIC INTRODUCTION Ordinary ancient Maya did not live in the sprawling stone structures built for priests and kings. Most Maya lived in small villages in simple communal houses. Houses had mud walls and thatched roofs made of palm leaves or grasses. Parents, children and grandchildren all lived in the same house. Every family kept a kitchen garden in which vegetables and fruit were raised. Corn, beans, squash, and chile peppers were grown as well as papaya and avocado. Cotton and cacao were grown as cash crops cotton in the Yucatan and cacao in Guatemala and other moist areas. The few clay griddles found were used for roasting cacao. Simple peasant cuisine consisted of tamales, a cornmeal gruel seasoned with chile pepper, and a mixture of water and sourdough transported in gourds to be eaten while working in fields. Men and boys farmed clearing, weeding and planting. Women and girls maintained the home making clothes, preparing meals, looking after the younger children, and fetching firewood and water. Children did not go to school but learned important skills by watching and helping adults.

DAILY LIFE - AGRICULTURE What crops do you think are important to the Mayans? Our Creation Story teaches us that the first Grandparents of our people were made from white and yellow corn. Maize is sacred to us because it connects us with our ancestors. It feeds our spirit as well as our bodies. Juana Batz Puac, Kiche Maya, Day Keeper Day Keeper According to Mayan beliefs, the gods created the earth, sculpting the landscape, planting plants, and creating all kinds of living creatures. Then they decided to make human beings for the sole purpose of hearing praise. First, they tried to make humans out of mud, but it rained and the people melted. Then the gods carved humans out of wood, but the floods came and drowned some of them. The survivors of the flood became monkeys. In a final effort, the gods decided to make humans out of corn. These corn people were the ancestors of the Mayas. Mayan creation myth from the Popul Vuh

DAILY LIFE - AGRICULTURE For Mexicans, maize is not a crop but a deep cultural symbol intrinsic to daily life. Corn was domesticated from a grass called teosinte by the peoples of Meso- America approximately 10,000 years ago. Often referred to as humanitys greatest agronomic achievement, maize is now grown all over the world. The yellow corn commonly found in the United States pales in comparison to the shapes, sizes, and colors of the traditional maize varieties cultivated by the indigenous peoples of Mexico. The ears of corn may range from a couple of inches to a foot long, in colors that include white, red, yellow, blue, and black. Some varieties even have an assortment of colors on one ear. Corn is inextricably tied to the lives of the peasants and indigenous peoples of Mexico. As the basic grain, it shapes daily meals, and its growing cycle influences the timing of festivals. The image and shape of maize is a ubiquitous component of architecture and crafts. Spiritually, physically, and economically, corn sustains indigenous peoples. In the words of one woman, Corn is so important because it allows us to live at peace. Its our form of food security. Corn is linked to survival: During rough economic times or in the face of natural disasters, families will produce more maize to feed themselves. A Tzotzil Maya elder recounts, During the past five centuries, while our people have withstood sufferingenormous sufferingsour corn has allowed us to survive.

DAILY LIFE AGRICULTURE Read Agriculture and answer questions in detail.Agriculture Read Chocolate at Every Meal! As a class we will try to make Maya Hot Chocolate in a crockpot! Will you be brave enough to try it?

DAILY LIFE - BEAUTY Slightly crossed eyes were held in great esteem, writes Yale anthropologist Michael Coe in his book The Maya. Parents attempted to induce the condition by handing small beads over the noses of their children. The Mayas also seemed to go in for shaping their childrens skulls: they liked to flatten them (Although this may have simply been the inadvertent result of strapping babies to cradle boards) or squeeze them into a cone. Some Mayanist speculate that the cone head effect was the result of trying to approximate the shape of an ear of corn. The Maya filed their teeth, sometimes into a T shape and sometimes to a point. They also inlaid their teeth with small, round plaques of jade or pyrite. According to Coe, young men painted themselves black until marriage and alter engaged in ritual tattooing and scarring. Beauty was a way to display social, if not moral, value among the Maya. The wealth they invested and pain they endured to create bodies that reflected their social beliefs make our modern-day obsession with beauty seem less excessive. Like us, the Maya indulged in self-deception about appearance, preferring to let artistic depictions conform to their ideals rather than reality. Although hearty and robust for an old man of 80, Pakal's depiction never aged; he remained a youthful Maize God, just on the cusp of maturity. The Maya saw what the Maya wanted to see when they looked into their pyrite mirrors: green and blue jewels, perhaps a few daubs of red paint, and the youthful vigor of agricultural fertility. From Time August 9 th, 1993 p. 48 Secrets of the Maya

DAILY LIFE - CLOTHING Not a lot known about how the Maya dressed in ancient times, and what is known mostly is information on people understood to have been elites. This is because of the environment in which the ancient Maya lived -- like the codices, the clothing, has rotted away. Instead, archaeologists try to interpret the fashion sense of the ancient Maya via art mediums such as ceramic ware, carvings, ceramic figurines and murals as well as the 1500s records by Spanish colonists. As it is currently understood, the ancient Maya had different ideas about clothes than people do today. For one thing, they never made clothes so they fit close to the body of their own accord. Clothes tended to be held in place by being knotted or were held in place by belts made of cloth. It has been discovered that the ancient Maya used bark cloth, hemp fiber and cotton as materials for their clothing. It is thought that bark cloth was a material for ritual clothing. Beyond the materials themselves, the ancient Maya would dye their clothing, via plant and animal sourced dyes. Examples of colors available to the ancient Maya dyers include green, purple, black, blue and various sources of red.

DAILY LIFE - CLOTHING Men Men wore different fashions of turban-like headdresses. They also seem to have worn other kinds of headdresses, that were complicated structures made from various materials such as feathers, gems and animal hides. Menswear included a kind of breech-clout that was, approximately 5 fingers wide and 10 feet long This breech-clout was wrapped around the waist repeatedly before being passed between the legs. For the upper classes, they were commonly decorated with featherwork on the ends. Lower class men wore undecorated loincloths. Seemingly not as common as the breech-clout, some depictions of men show them also wearing a pati. A pati is a big, square-shaped piece of cloth that is -- like the breech-clout -- decorated in relation to the class of the wearer. The pati was tied around the wearer's shoulders. The pati was thought to be used for both day wear and sleeping. Women Women tended to wear either a complicated hairstyle that involved intertwining the hair with cloth, or -- like men -- wore turban-like headdresses. However, women's head wear fashions seem to have been less diverse than men's head wear fashions. Women would wear a skirt and/or a sleeveless, poncho-like tunic (huipil) or a dress. Maya skirts were either tied with a belt or was knotted in place with the tunic worn over the skirt. Elite women's skirts, as with other clothing, were more decorated than skirts of the lower classes -- they would have decorative fringes and knots.

DAILY LIFE CLOTHING Footwear The ancient Maya wore sandals. Ancient Maya sandal straps had two thongs. One thong went in the space between the first and second toe while the second went between the third and fourth toe. As with other aspects of ancient Maya society, it seems that elaboration and material usage depended on where a person ranked in society. Men who were not upper class wore deer-hide sandals that were untanned, with hemp cord for straps. For elites however, it seems they had much more complicated sandals. Decorations for sandals also existed. Depictions of sandals exist with such embellishments as pompoms, or jaguar skin. It was thought that women often walked around barefoot. Activity: - Label the Mayan Clothing

DAILY LIFE BEAUTY CLASS DISCUSSION 1. What do we do in our society to make ourselves more attractive? 2. Are any of these practices painful? 3. Can you think of any practices that are dangerous? 4. Can you think of what people in other societies do to make themselves more attractive? 5. What is beauty and who determines it?

DAILY LIFE Compare Daily Life in Ancient Maya with your daily life using a venn diagram. We are looking for a minimum of 5 points on each side and 2 in the middle. Be specific, details count! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVMt-_11CFI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVMt-_11CFI

DAIRY 2 DAILY LIFE If you were to travel back in time and live among the Ancient Mayan as a commoner, describe your typical day. Include when you woke up, what you wear, who you talked to, what you ate, activities you did during the day, etc.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE Read a complex social structure. Complete Mayan Social Structure Pyramid.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE - ASSIGNMENT Using the paper provided, in each section, record and describe who belongs in each social level. Highest ranking people should be at the top of the pyramid. Ensure that both outside and inside words are bold or finelined Include drawings or clip are for each level. These can be pasted outside the pyramid and connected with a straight, ruler drawn, line.

ARCHITECTURE Read pyramids of the Maya Part 1 and 11. Answer questions in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper. Read Mayan Cities and answer questions on a separate sheet of paper.

WRITING Read Mayan Writing and answer questions in a complete sentence on a separate sheet of paper. Write your own name in glyphs activity hieroglyphic staircase in Copan.

MATH The math of the Mayas was build on a base 20 system. The base 20 system was also used on calendars. Mayan numerals consisted of dots (valued at 1), bars (valued at 5), and a symbol looking like a shell (valued at 0). The Mayas were the first known civilization to use a symbol for zero. Smaller numbers were written horizontally, while larger numbers were written vertically. For each position going up, the column represented a multiplication by 20. We currently use a base 10 system for math. Base 10 System 23 = (2 x 10 + 3) Base 20 System = (1 x 20) = ( 3 x 1)

MATH Complete the Mayan Math Problems Create 5 of your own problems to share and have a peer solve next block.

CALENDAR The Mayas used three main types of calendars. One type of calendar, the Long Count, was used for historical purposes and began its date with 3114 BC. Another calendar, the Haab which was also called the Vague Year was used for planning crops. This solar calendar of 365 days was divided into 18 months. Because each month had 20 days, there were five remaining days that the Mayas considered unlucky. Another calendar, the Tzolkin, chronicled the sacred year and was primarily used for religious purposes and naming children. This 260-day calendar was divided into 13 cycles of 20 days. Each of the 20 days had its own name and was represented by a unique symbol. The Mayas usually determined the date by combining the Tzolkin and the Haab calendars. Create your own Mayan Sacred Calendar.

GODS Read Many Gods and Life After Death Read Mayan Religion http://brbell.blogs.sd73.bc.ca/files/2011/04/Mayan- Religion-Worksheet.pdfhttp://brbell.blogs.sd73.bc.ca/files/2011/04/Mayan- Religion-Worksheet.pdf Complete Mayan God Scavenger Hunt Complete Questions in full sentence answers on a separate sheet of paper. Create your own God.

GODS Scan copies of student work

PASS TIME Read Arts and Crafts Read Ball Games https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmcnZ5lP9tg&list=PLug1dafi- Y49t2SqhOIALW5sJqxiA-SMo&index=3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmcnZ5lP9tg&list=PLug1dafi- Y49t2SqhOIALW5sJqxiA-SMo&index=3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzFziF9IJkw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzFziF9IJkw

THE DEMISE OF THE MAYANS

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