Ancient Greece

Athens Review

• What form of government did ancient Athens Greece operate under?

• Who is the “Father of Democracy”?

• Who invaded Athens and destroyed their Democracy?

Main Ideas

• Spartans built a military society to provide security and protection.

• The Athenians admired the mind and the arts in addition to physical abilities

• Sparta and Athens fought over who should have power and influence Greece.

The Big Idea

• The 2 most powerful states in Greece:

• Athens & Sparta

• Different & Separate Cultures

• Become Enemies in 400 B.C.

Sparta

• Dominated by military– Lycargus– Created between 500-600 BC– Helots: captive worker or slaves– Military created to cause fear

Government

• Ran by 2 Kings– What form of government represents Sparta?

• Oligarchy

• Elected Officials run daily activities of government

• Set up to control the Helots

Spartan Government

• 2 kings• 28 citizens make of a council of elders

– Over age of 60 presented laws

• Assembly: all Spartan men over the age of 30 belong to the assembly. – Vote on councils laws– Ephors: 5 men chosen to collect taxes and

enforce laws

Spartan Government

• Discouraged visitors

• Banned travel abroad

• Military over education

• What do you think happened to this society due to their control of the people?

Famous Sparta Kings

• Leonidas

Spartan Culture

• Boys & Men– All join the military until the age of 60– Every healthy boy trained to be a soldier

• No shoes or heavy clothing

• Stealing

• Black broth

• Trained: running, jumping, swimming, javelins

Life of a Spartan Soldier

• 7-12 Values Training– Leave home for basic education

• 12-18 Physical Training– Physical skills & exercise

• 20-30 Military Training– Fight in the army

• Age 30 Full Citizen– Participate in assembly & move home

Spartan Women

• More rights than other Greek women– Could own land– Didn’t make clothing– Ran household– Received Physical Training

• Run, jump , wrestle, and throw javelins

Athenian Culture

• Boys & Men– Improvement of the body

• Running, jumping, fighting

• 2 years service in the army age: 18-20

– Improvement of the mind• Read, write, count, sing, play instruments

• History & Legends

Athenian Boys & Men

• Rich– Philosophy

– Geometry

– Astronomy

– Public speaking• assembly

• Poor– Read & write

– Became farmers & craftsmen

Athenian Women

• No education– Wealthy tutors

• Weaving & sowing

• Fewer rights than most Greek city-states

Athenian Women

• Could not serve in government – Juries or assembly

• Could not leave their homes

• Could not own or buy property

• Disobey husbands or family

• No rights at all

Education

• Athens– Plato

– Education for young boys should train the mind and body

– Should be prepared for all aspects of adulthood

• Sparta– Lycurgus

– Education should teach them how to fight

– “Be able to endure pain and conquer in battle”

Sparta & Athens

• Sparta – Wanted to keep to

themselves but help protect Greece from invasion

• Athens– Wanted to control the

land and other city-states that ultimately will lead to war

Religion & Language

• Sparta and Athens both spoke the same language and practiced the same type of religion– Greek – Polytheism

Delian League

• Created an alliance among Greek City-states

• Alliance: agreement to work together

• $ kept on island of Delos (Delian League)

• Athens controlled other city states and gained power through this league

Peloponnesian League

• Alliance– Included Sparta– Named after the peninsula

Peloponnesian League

• Alliance– Included Sparta– Named after the peninsula

Peloponnesian War

• Stop Athens growth– 431 Sparta attacks Athens

• Burnt crops & fields

• No food supply

– Athens Responds• Sends ships with food

• Attack Sparta Allies

Problems

• Disease hits Athens

• Neither side gains advantage

• Truce after 10 years

Athenian Expansion

• Athens attacks Sicily– Entire Athenian army & navy defeated– Sicily allies to Sparta– Sparta attacks Athens

• Spartans won– Cut off food supply

– Athens Surrendered

City-states Fighting

• Sparta controlled Greece 30 years

• Resentment among city states– Weakened Greece– Opened it up for attack