ANC Interim meetingCountry report- R. of Macedonia

Dusko Mukaetov, Nina Aleksovska, Ordan Cukaliev

General characteristics of the Republic of

Macedonia

• Macedonia is locatedin the central part ofthe Balkan Peninsula.It is a landlockedcountry having anarea of 25 713 km2,representing one ofthe smallest countriesin Europe,

• It is bordered bySerbia and Kosovo tothe north, Bulgaria tothe east, Greece tothe south, andAlbania to the west,

Administrative division

• Macedonia (MK) is included in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS).

• NUTS-1: MK0 FUR Macedonia

• NUTS-2: MK00 FUR Macedonia

• NUTS-3: 8 Statistical regions

– MK001 Vardar

– MK002 Eastern

– MK003 Southwestern

– MK004 Southeastern

– MK005 Pelagonia

– MK006 Polog

– MK007 Northeastern

– MK008 Skopje

Administrative division

• There are two Local Administrative Levels (LAU)

Level - LAU1: municipalities;

Level - LAU2: settlements.

Topography

Large and highmountainousmassifscharacterizethe country’stopography.

The averageelevation is829,7 m abovesea level.Mean slope is15,1o (33,56%).

Relief distribution

Relief distribution accordingto elevation is as follows:

- valley relief (300 m a.s.l.) –9.5 %;

- valley-hilly relief (301-500 ma.s.l.) – 15.9 %;

- hilly-mountain relief (501-1 000 m a.s.l.) – 44.0 %;

- mountain relief (1 000-1 500m a.s.l) – 21.3 %; highmountain relief (>1 500 ma.s.l.) – 9.3 %.

The country has 14mountain peaks higher then2 000 m

The highest peak, the 2 764meter-high Golem Korab

Slope Area

0-5o 24.60%

5-10o 18.80%

10-20o 31.50%

20-30o 18,00 %

30-40o 6,00 %

>40o 1.10%

• There are flat river valleys and plains inter-connected by passes or deep ravines.

• The slope in the valleys is gentle, but on the mountain there is very steep slope (more

than 30 %).

SLOPE

Serbian-Macedonian massif

Povardarie zone

Pelagonija plane

Western Macedonia zone

Geotectonic zones

Geology

• Numerous different

geological formations,

which differ on small

distances in their age,

mineralogical and

petrologic composition,

results in high

heterogeneity of the

soil cover,

• The mountainous

region is generally

composed of compact

(solid) rocks with

eruptive or

metamorphic origin,

• The valleys are mainly

filled with clastic

mechanical sediments

which are usually loose

or weakly connected,

SOIL MAP OF MACEDONIA

Soil cover distribution

Soil cover can be divided in a four major zones:

a) soils of the plains,

b) b) soils of the sloppy terrains,

c) c) soils of the hilly terrains and lake terraces,

d) d) soils of the mountainous regions.

Plains

Hilly areas and lake terraces

Sloppy areas

Mountainous regions

Soil cover distribution

15,91

3,60

1,70

5,70

4,05

5,95

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

14,00

16,00

18,00

Mountaneous soils, %

0,26

3,87 3,52

15,11

7,26

4,34 4,04

1,992,92 3,43

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

14,00

16,00

Soils of the undulated hilly relief, %

5,46

0,730,27 0,38 0,30

5,35

0,56

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

Soils of the plains, %

Land cover

• CORINE Land cover is

the only available and

most relevant source of

information on a country,

•According to CORINE

LCU classification – level

1, forests and semi-

natural areas cover

60,2% of the whole

territory, while

agricultural land 36,5%),

•The Land cover data

presented in following

map and table is based

on CORINE Land cover

Project for 2006.

Land cover - changes

Class 2000 г. (ha) % 2006 г. (ha) % Change %

Artificial surfaces 38 900 1.5 41 480 1.6 +0,1

Agricultural areas 973 900 37.8 939 013 36.5 -1,3

Forest and seminatural areas 1587 900 61.7 1 548 855 60.2 -2.5

Wetlands 59 100 2.2 56 444 2.1 -0,1

Water bodies 2 000 0.07 2 015 0.08 0,01

Land use

Land use distribution1998 2012 Changes

‘98-‘12in %Area in ha. Area in % Area in ha. Area in %

Total land 2.543.216 100 2.571.300 100

1. Productive land 2.312.390 90.92 2.183.766 84,93 -5,99

1.1. Forest land 1.021.139 40.15 981.812 38,18 -1,97

1.2. Agriculture land 1.291.251 50.77 1.120.213 43,57 -7,2

1.2.1. Pastures 633.562 24.91 608.176 23,65 -1,26

1.2.2. Cultivated land 657.689 25.86 511.316 19,89 -5,97

1.2.2.1. Arable lands and gardens 554.162 21.79 414.829 16,13 -5,66

1.2.2.2. Orchards 19.633 0.77 14.469 0,56 -0,21

1.2.2.3. Vineyards 29.298 1.15 20.695 0,80 -0,35

1.2.2.4. Natural meadows 54.596 2.15 61.323 2,38 0,23

2. Unproductive land 230.826 9.08 387.534 15,07 5,99

2.1. Waters 87.493 3,44 81.741 3,18 -0,26

2.2. Other 143.333 5,64 305.793 11,89 6,25

Land use change by categories

• Agricultural land

• 7,2%

• Forest area

• 1,7

• Arable land

• 5,97

• Pastures,

• 1,26%

• Unproductive soil ( artificial lakes, infrastructure, expansion of settlements, excavation of various kinds of materials, etc

• 5,99 %

• Anthropogenic soils (deposols, landfills etc.)

• 6,25 %

METHODOLOGY

ANC delineation methodology

• Compilation of identified existing data sets needed for delineation of ANC,

• Definition of climate parameters, time span and resolution,• Development of high resolution raster maps for the main

climate parameters (temperature and precipitation),• Development of high resolution raster maps for climate

indices (aridity index, De Marthone, Lang etc.),• Collection, evaluation and harmonization of soil data sets :• Digitalization of analog soil legacy data (scanning and

vectorization),• Selection of appropriate georeferencing system and

suitable software packages, models and procedures for geostatistical analysis,

ANC delineation methodology

• Elaboration of raster maps for soil properties indicated among the criteria for ANC delineation,

• Integration of country specific criteria for creation of final derivate with identified and delineated ANC,

• Validation of the final product by use of auxiliary data sets and correction of its boundaries (e.g. orthopotos, topo-maps etc.)

DATA AVAILABILITY

23

MASIS - Main Available Data

• Soil profile data (‘legacy’)

• Soil map – SMU based; (uniform list of soil types /STU, no STU

attributes,…)

• DEM 15m derivates

• Average Year Temperatures

• Average Year Precipitation

• Land use - Corine Land cover

• Geology – raster vectorised in a FAO project• Other, less important

24

Soil profile dataset

• 4300 soil profile locations with coordinates available in the database

• 11,071 horizons; most populated properties:

25

Soil profiles location

Horizon dataset

• A part of the soil horizon dataset

27

Meta-data for the soil properties needed data for ANC mapping

Soil property Attributive data Graphical data

no data limited all locations no data shape raster

Drainage classification (poorly drained or

very poorly drained) x x

Soil depth (If equal or less than 30 cm) x xSoil Texture x xSurface stoniness x xSoil Organic Matter (if equal or more than

30%) x x

Salinity (if equal or more than 4 dS/m) x xSodicity (if equal or more than 6 ESP) x xAcidity (if equal or less than 5 pH in

water)x x

AREC – Main available data

• - digital topographic maps in scale 1:25000,

AREC – Main available data

• - digital terrain model (DTM),

DTM 5m DTM 20m

MAFWE – Main available data

• High resolution color orthopoto for wholle country territory

MAFWE – Main available data

• Land Parcel identification system (Lpis)

• The LpIS data base in fact keeps records for the agricultural land which is actually under cultivation ,

• Lpis data keeps graphical and numerical record for crop class,

Data gaps, problems, and solutions

• All digital data bases are created within various institutions for different goals,

• There is serious lack in networking of the created digital data bases,

• The quality of stored data in many cases in not sufficient, in terms of its consistency, continuity and format,

• Data availability in many cases is significant constrain, due to internal procedures and politics of the Institutions possessing data,

Data gaps, problems, and solutions

According the methodology applied in the EU for defining ANCs, in case of R. of Macedonia the existing data sets stored within MASIS can meet the most of the specific criteria for delineation of ANCs,

The only missing soil parameters are:

• exact measurements of “poorly or very poorly drained soils” water lodged within soil profile for a certain period of time). This criterion will be overcome by use of the second option, or through identification of gleyic soils out of the existing digital soil map.

• “Unfavourable soil texture and stoniness”. Very limited data for the stoniness. Soil texture classes can be calculated on the base of existing data for soil texture fractions, like: soil, clay and sand,

• no records for “soil sodicity”, due to what the third criterion “poor chemical properties” will be calculated on the base of delineation of areas under saline and alkaline soils.

Thank you for your attention!Dusko Mukaetov

d.mukaetov@zeminst.edu.mk

www.zeminst.edu.mk

Nina Aleksovska, Dusko

Mukaetov Ordan Chukaliev

Andrevlje 30 June-1July 2016

1. Region with sub-Mediterranean climate (50 - 150 m)

2. Region with moderate-continental-sub-Mediterranean

climate (150-300m)

3. Region with hot continental climate (600 - 900 m)

4. Region with cold continental climate(900 - 1100 m)

5. Region with sub-forest-continental-mountainous

climate(1100-1300 m)

6. Region with forest-continental mountainous climate(1300

- 1650 m)

7. Region with sub-alpine mountainous climate (1650 -

2250 m)

8. Region with alpine mountainous climate ( hs >2250 m)

• 1891 until 1899 - meteorological measurements in Skopje

• 1986 until 1911 measurements in Bitola

• 1914-1918 meteorological measurements on 3 sites:

Bitola, Prilep and Udovo (1st WW, for army needs)

• 1923 - some organized and continuous meteorological

measurements were established

• 1947 - the “Hydrometeorological Service of People

Republic of Macedonia” and network of meteorological

stations were established.

• 1978 it becomes Republic Hydrometeorological Service,

a governmental organization of special importance for

carrying out work in meteorology and hydrology

• 1991 Independence and Member of WMO

• 1992 Law on on Hydrometeorological matters

Hydrometeorological Service Independent

institutions

• 2000 – Hydrometeorological Service is part of

Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Water Economy

• 1991-present Hydrometeorological Service

represents a national authority for meteorology and

hydrology

A state meteorological station network with

professional observers:

• 19 main meteorological stations and

• 2 meteorological radar hail suppression centres.

Beside this there is established a network of

stations with part-time observers:• 7 climatological stations,

• 103 precipitation and

• 24 phenological stations.

Automatic meteorological stations• total number is 14

N° Meteorological station LatitudeLongitud

e

Elevation

(m)

Temperature

(mean, max and

min), RH,

precipitation,

wind speed,

cloudiness,

Sunshine

durationRemark

1 Berovo 41°43’00” 22°25’00” 827 1961-2015 1961-20152 Bitola 41°03’00” 21°12’00” 586 1961-2015 1961-20153 Gevgelija 41°09’00” 22°23’00” 59 1961-2015 1981-20154 Demir Kapija 41°25’00” 22°21’00” 125 1961-2015 1988-20155 Kriva Palanka 42°12’00” 22°22’00” 691 1961-2015 1961-20156 Lazaropole 41°32’00” 20°04’00” 1332 1961-2015 1961-20157 Mavrovi Anovi 41°42’00” 20°04’00” 1240 1961-2015 1961-2015*8 Ohrid 41°07’00” 20°04’00” 760 1961-2015 1961-20159 Popova Shapka 42°01’00” 20°05’00” 1750 1961-2008 1985-200810 Prilep 41°21’00” 21°13’00” 661 1961-2015 1961-201511 Skopje Zajchev

Rid

42°01’00” 21°12’00” 301 1981-2015 1981-2015

12 Skopje Petrovec 41°57’00” 21°13’00” 240 1961-1966

1967-2015

1961-1975 Dislocated

in 1967;

13 Solunska Glava 41°42’00” 21°12’00” 2540 1973-2009 1973-200914 Strumica 41°26’00” 22°23’00” 224 1961-2015 1966-201515 Shtip 41°44’00” 22°21’00” 322 1961-2015 1961-2015

N° Meteorological station Latitude LongitudeElevation

(m)

Period

1961-1990

Period

1971-2000Period 1981-2010

Period

2010-2015

1 Amzabegovo 41°49’00” 22°20’00” 250 +* +* +* -

2 Valandovo 41°19’00” 22°23’00” 100 + + + -

3 Veles 41°43’00” 21°14’00” 175 +

(1961-1987)

- - -

4 Gostivar 41°48’00” 20°05’00” 525 +* - - -

5 Debar 41°31’00” 20°03’00” 675 + - +

(2003-2010)

+

6 Delchevo 41°58’00” 22°24’00” 630 + +* + +

7 Kavadarci 41°26’00” 22°20’00” 260 +* - - -

8 Katlanovska

Banja

41°54’00” 21°14’00” 240 +

(1963-1990)

+ - -

9 Kichevo 41°31’00” 20°05’00” 620 + * - - -

10 Kochani 41°55’00” 22°22’00” 345 + + + -

11 Kratovo 42°05’00” 22°20’00” 640 + + + +

12 Krushevo 41°22’00” 21°11’00” 1230 + + + +

13 Kumanovo 42°08’00” 21°14’00” 338 +* +* + +

14 Makedonski

Brod

41°31’00” 21°11’00” 545 +* + - -

15 Nov Dojran 41°13’00” 22°24’00” 180 +* +* +* +

16 Radovish 41°38’00” 22°22’00” 380 +* +* - -

17 Resen 41°05’00” 21°10’00” 881 + - - -

Network Digitalized Quality

Control

Homogenize

d

Main

meteorological

stations

1961-2015 yes no

Climatological

stations

1991-2015 no no

Precipitation

stations

1991-2015 no no

NetworkData

Period 1961-

1990

Period 1971-

2000

Period 1981-

2010

Main

meteorological

stations

Monthly

Temperature

(mean, max and

min),

precipitation

Available

Temperature

(mean, max and

min),

precipitation

Available

On request*

Daily On request* On request* On request*

Climatological

stations

Monthly On request* On request* On request*

Daily On request* On request* On request*

Precipitation

stations

Monthly On request* On request* On request*

Daily On request* On request* On request*

Data Cost (without VAT)

Denari

Cost (without VAT)

app.euro

Daily data for one meteorological

element from one meteorological

station for one year

3040 50

Monthly data for one meteorological

element or parameter from one

meteorological station for series of

30 years

2560 42

Monthly data for one meteorological

element or parameter from one

meteorological station for more than

30 years

3680 60

3 parameters (Tmax, Tmin, Precipitation)

30 years (1981-2010)

16 stations (main meteorological stations)

3x30x16 = 1440

1440 x 50 EUR = 72000 EUR

And it is not enough to get spatial

distribution of the temperature and

precipitation in the country with very

diversified relief

Annual January

July

Warm part of

the year

Cold Part of the

year

The national policy for the areas with natural constrains is

defined by the article 76 and 77 of the Law on Agriculture

and Rural Development (Official Gazette of Republic of

Macedonia No 49/10 from 12.04.2010).

The article 76 state that the policy for encouraging the

agricultural activity useful for environment is

implemented through sets of measures, and one of them

is:

Sustainable use of agricultural land through measures to

support agricultural activity in areas with limited

opportunities.

Moreover the article 77:

Assistance for agricultural activity in areas with

limited opportunities for agricultural production is

granted to agricultural holdings that operate in such

areas in the form of direct payments for support of the

income on farms.

The direct payments are paid to agricultural holdings

in the form of annual payments by unit area of the

cultivated agricultural land and can not be more than

30000 MKD (approx. 500 EUR) per hectare

The type of the activities supported by this measures

should be prescribed by the Minister and

implementation procedure should be defined by the

director of the Agency after the positive opinion of the

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy.

This article allows exception of additional payment of

15% of the direct payments for areas with natural

constrains.

• The programme for the direct support of the rural

development for year 2016 (Official gazette No.

6/2016 from 15.01.2016 predicted measure 211 -

Assistance for agricultural activity in areas with

limited opportunities for agricultural production

• It is conducted according paragraph 8 of the

article 77 - as additional financial support

amounting to 15% of direct payments per unit

area or livestock unit for agricultural holdings in

the areas with limited production.

• The amount of the financial support for this

measure in year 2016 is 35 million MKD (5 million

for the year 2016 and 30 million for not realized

payments in previous years).

The areas that are eligible for getting this support

(Assistance for agricultural activity in areas with limited

opportunities for agricultural production) are defined in

the Decree on the criteria for direct payments, the

beneficiaries, the maximum amount and the method for

direct payments for 2016 ) Official Gazette 2/2016 from

8.1.2016)

According this act eligible for additional payment of 15

% are areas elevated above 700 m above sea level.

The criteria for defining areas with natural constrains

can much better access the real constrains and it is very

good to have defined and proclaimed areas with natural

constrains and defined measures for various constrains.

Areas with natural constrain

according elevation (900 m

a.s.l.)