anatomy – study of the parts of the body physiology – function of the body anatomical position...
TRANSCRIPT
• ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body
• PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body
• ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward
Anatomic Terminology – Position and Direction
• ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of
• POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of
Frontal
Dorsal ↓
• PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body
• DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body
Proximal
Distal
Body Planes and Sections
• PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes
• SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane
• SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts
• CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
• TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts
Cavities of the Body
• DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord – the brain is in the CRANIAL CAVITY and the spinal cord is in the SPINAL CAVITY.
• ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES
• The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
• ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
• PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs
Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
R Hypochondriac Epigastric L Hypochondriac
R LumbarUmbilical L Lumbar
R Inguinal Hypogastric L Inguinal
Tissues
• TISSUES – cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function
• EPITHELIAL TISSUE – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretions
• CONNECTIVE TISSUE – supports and connects organs and tissue
• MUSCLE TISSUE – has the ability to contract and move the body
• NERVOUS TISSUE – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse
Tissue Continued
• ADIPOSE TISSUE – type of connective tissue that stores fat cells
• LIGAMENTS – strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints
• TENDONS – white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone
• CARTILAGE – firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton
Membranes
• MEMBRANES – formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid
• MUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining
SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed
body cavities
• the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane
• the part that covers the organs is the VISCERAL membrane.
• PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs
• PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart
• PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs
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