Angeline Pierson

TissuesGroup of cells

that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function.

The study of tissues is called Histology.

Connective

Epithelial

Muscle

Nervous

Credits

Connective TissueFound

everywhere in the body

Abundant and widely distributed

Amount in particular organs vary

Tissues

Connective Tissue Proper

Cartilage

Bone

Blood

Cartilage Stands up to both

tension and compression

Qualities like dense connective tissue and bone

Tough but flexible Lacks nerve fibers Avascular Receives nutrients

through diffusion by blood vessels

Include chondroblasts that produce a new matrix until the skeleton stops growing at the end of adolescence.

Connective

Tissues

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

Hyaline Also called “gristle” Most abundant cartilage

type in the body Contains large numbers

of collagen fibers Matrix appears glassy

and amorphous Provides firm support

and some pliability Covers ends of bones as

articular cartilage Supports tip of nose,

connects ribs to sternum, supports most of the respiratory system passages

Embryonic skeletons are mostly made up of this cartilage

Cartilage

Connective

Tissues

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

ElasticNearly Identical to

Hyaline cartilageMore elastin fibers

in elastic cartilageStrong and

exceptional stretchability

Used in external ear and epiglottis (covers the opening to the respiratory passageway when we swallow, preventing foods and fluids from entering the lungs.)

Cartilage

Connective

Tissues

Hyaline

Fibrocartilage

FibrocartilageIntermediate

between Hyaline and Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Compressible and resists tension well

Found where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy pressure are required

Used between vertebrae and is the spongy cartilage of the knee

Cartilage

Tissues

Hyaline

Elastic

Bone Rocklike hardness Also called osseous

tissue Protects and supports

body structures Provide cavities for fat

storage and synthesis of blood cells

Have bone matrixes similar to cartilage but it is harder and more rigid

Also has osteoblasts, which produce the organic portion of the matrix

Connective

Tissue

Blood Fluid within blood vessels Atypical connective tissue It does not connect things

or give support Classified as connective

tissue because it develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells and blood plasma

Consists mostly of red blood cells and some white blood cells

Fibers of blood form clotting

Carries nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases and other substances throughout the body

Connective

Tissue

Connective Tissue ProperContains two

subclasses, loose and dense

All mature connective tissue (except for bone, cartilage and blood) belong to the dense class

Connective

Tissue

Loose

Dense

LooseConsists of

three types: Areolar, Adipose and Reticular

Connective

Tissue

Dense

Areolar

Adipose

Reticular

Areolar Supports and binds other

tissues, holds bodily fluids, defends against infection and stores nutrients as fat

Contains fibroblasts Loose arrangements of

fibers Provides a reservoir of

water and salts for other tissues

Contains hyaluronic acid which hinders movements of cells through it

Soaks up excess bodily fluid when a body region is inflamed

Widely distributed Present in all mucous

membranes

Connective

Tissue

Loose

Adipose

Reticular

Adipose Similar to areolar in

structure and function, has greater nutrient storing capabilities

Adipocytes or fat cells make up 90% of the tissue

Looks like chicken wire in appearance

Mature adipocytes are some of the largest cells in the body

Vascularized 18% of the body’s weight Acts as a shock absorber,

insulation and storage site. Found behind eyeballs, hips around heard and lymph nodes.

Sometimes called white fat Also found in bone marrow

and some muscles

Connective

Tissue

Loose

Areolar

Reticular

ReticularResembles

areolar tissueLimited to

certain citesForms internal

framework that support free blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow

Connective

Tissue

Loose

Areolar

Adipose

DenseConsists of

two types, Regular and Irregular

Connective

Tissue

Loose

Regular

Irregular

Regular Referred to as fibrous

connective tissue Loosely packed bundles

of collagen fibers running parallel to the direction of pull

Great resistance to tension

Slightly wavy and contain fibroblasts forming fibers and scant ground substance

Forms tendons and aponeneuroses, as well as fascia that wraps around muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels and nerves

Connective

Tissue

Dense

Irregular

IrregularSame structural

elements as regular variety, but have bundles of collagen fibers that are much thicker and arranged in different directions

Found in the skin as dermis, forms joint capsules, and fibrous coverings that surround organs such as kidneys, bones, cartilages, muscles and nerves.

Connective

Tissue

Dense

Regular

SimpleConcerned

with absorption, secretion and filtration

Usually very thin so it does not protect.

Only one layer thick

TissueGlandularStratifiedSquamousCuboidalColumnar

Pseudostratified

Epithelial Sheet of cells that covers a body

surface or lines a body cavity. Occurs in body as covering and

lining epithelium and glandular epithelium

Form boundaries between different environments

Forms many functions like protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception

Special characteristics: polarity, specialized contacts (fit close together to form continuous sheets), supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated (it is supplied by nerve fibers but contains no blood vessels) and an ability to regenerate

Classified by shapes and cell layers

Cell layers: Stratified and Simple Shapes: Squamous, Cuboidal and

Columnar

Tissues

Glandular

Simple

Stratified

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Flattened Laterally Sparse Cytoplasm Filters or exchanges

substances Located in the kidneys,

in the lungs and forms the walls of air sacs

2 types: Endothelium which is slick, friction reducing lining, allows efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes between the bloodstream and surrounding tissue cells. Mesothelium which is found in serous membranes which line the ventral body cavity and covers its organs.

Tissues

Glandular

Stratified

Simple

Cuboidal

Columnar

Pseudostratified