anatomy reproductive presentation

8/10/2019 Anatomy Reproductive Presentation

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ReproductiveSystem

Chapter 19


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Chapter 19 What is the Reproductive

System?


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Functions of theReproductive System

1.Production

ofGametes

What is gametes?

Reproductive systemproduces these gametes:

Sperm cells in the testesofmales andoocytes(eggs)inthe ovariesoffemale


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1.Production

ofGametes


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2.

Fertilization

An act or process of makingfertile;The process of union of twogametes whereby the somaticof chromosome number isrestored and the developmentof new individual is initiated

Fertilization is?


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4.

Productionof sex

hormones.

Sex hormones are?

a steroid hormone that isproduced esp. ovaries, testes oradrenal cortex & that exertsestrogenic, progestational or

androgenic activity on the growthor function of the reproductiveorgans or development ofsecondary sex characteristics


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Production of Gametes

Fertilization

Development & Nourishment of a new individual

Production of Sex Hormones


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Formation Of Gametes


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Formation of Gametes

Testesin malesproduce

gametes/Sex CellsOvariesin femalesalso

produce gametes/ Sex Cells


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Formation of gametes in males and femalesoccurs by a type of cell division called meiosis

Meiosis occurs only In the testesand ovaries During Meiosis one cell undergoes two

consecutive cell divisions to produce fourdaughter cells, each having half as manychromosomes as theparent cell


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Two Divisions of Meiosis


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EarlyProphase I

Duplicated chromosomes become visiblechromatids

MiddleProphase I

Pairs of chromosomes synapse. Crossing over

may occur at this stage

Metaphase I

Pairs of chromosome align along the center ofthe cell.

Anaphase I

Chromosomes move apart to opposite sides of

the cell

Telophase I

New Nuclei form, and the cell divides Each. Cellnow has two sets of half the chromosomes


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Prophase II

Each chromosome consist of twochromatids.

Middle ProphaseII

Chromosomes align along the center of thecell

Anaphase II

Chromatids separate, and each is now called achromosome

Telophase II

New nuclei form around the chromosomes.The cell divide to form four daughter cellswith half as many chromosomes as the parentcell.


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Because each chromosome consist of 2chromatids, the pairing of the chromosomes

brings 2 chromatids of each chromosomeclose together. Part of a chromatid of 1chromosome breaks off and is exchangedwith part of another chromatid from theother chromosome this is called crossing overwhich allows the exchange of geneticmaterial between chromosomes


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Male Reproductive System


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Testes

Series of Ducts

Epididymides

Ducta deferentia

Urethra

Accessory Glands

Seminal Glands

Prostate Glands Bulbourethral Glands

Supporting Structures

Scrotum

Penis


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Are very heat-sensitive and must develop at atemperature slightly less than normal body

temperature. Sperm cells develop in testes Sperm cells travel from each testesto the

prostate gland and then empty into the

urethra. The Urethraexits the pelvispassesthrough penisand opens to the outside ofthe body.


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Is a saclike structure containing the testes. It is divided into right and left internal

compartments by incomplete connectivetissue septum. Dartos Muscle-layer of smooth muscle;(in

cold temperature) dartos muscle contracts

causing the skin of the scrotum to firm andwrinkled.


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Are oval organs, each about 4-5cm long The pair of male reproductive glands

enclosed in the scrotum that produce themale sex hormone testosterone and thespermatozoa.


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Seminiferous tubules- which sperm cellsdevelop

Seminiferous tubules contains: 1.) Germ cells and egg or sperm or one of

their antecedent cells 2.Sustentacular cells- cell line the wall of the

seminiferous tubules to which spermatogoniaand spermatids are attached Interstitial cells/leydig cells- which secrete

testosterone


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Is the formation of the sperm cell Spermatogonia- a primitive male germ cell that

gives rise to primary spermatocytes in

spermatogenesis Primary spermatocytes- diploid spermatocyte

that has not yet undergone meiosis Secondary spermatocyte- is produced by

division of a primary spermatocyte in the firstmeiotic division and that gives in second meioticdivision to give spermatids


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Acrosome-contains enzymes that arereleased during the process of fertilization

and are necessary for the sperm cell topenetrate the oocyte or egg cell


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Rete testis- network of tubules in themediastinum testis

Efferent ductules-carry sperm cells from thetestis to a tightly coiled series of threadliketubules that form a comma-shaped structureon the posterior side of the testis calledepididymis

Capacitation-occur after ejaculation of semeninto the vagina and prior to fertilization.


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Emerges from the epididymis and ascendsalong the posterior side of the testis to

become associated with the blood vesselsand nerves that supply testis.


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Consist of the ductus deferens, testicularartery and veins, lymphatic vessels and

testicular nerve. It is surrounded by the cremaster muscle and

two connective tissue sheaths.


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Either of a part of glandular pouches that lieone on either side of the male reproductive

tract and that in human males secrete a sugarand protein-containing fluid into theejaculatory duct


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anatomy reproductive presentation

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