anatomy of the pulp space

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Page 1: Anatomy of the pulp space
Page 2: Anatomy of the pulp space
Page 3: Anatomy of the pulp space
Page 4: Anatomy of the pulp space

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“pulp is a soft tissue of mesenchymal origin residing within the pulp chamber and root canal of teeth”-cohen

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pulp in many ways is similar to other connective tissue of the body

Unique features Closed chamber No regeneration

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The terminology “PULP SPACE’ is more appropriate than root canal.

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Apical foramen

Lateral canals

Furcation canals

Pulp chamber

Pulp horn

Floor

Roof

Page 10: Anatomy of the pulp space

Pulp space The entire internal space of a tooth which contains the pulp. It consists of the following entities.

Pulp canal Pulp chamber Pulp horn

Pulp chamber

Apical foramen

Lateral canals

Furcation canals

Pulp horn

Floor

Roof

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Pulp Horn A pulp horn is an accentuation of the

pulp chamber directly under a cusp or a developmental lobe. The term offers more commonly to prolongation of the pulp itself directly. The mesial pulp horns are usually higher than the distal pulp horns.

Apical foramen

Lateral canals

Furcation canals

Pulp horn

Floor

Roof

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Roof of the pulp chamber The roof consists of dentin covering

the pulp chamber occlusally or incisally. Floor of the chamber. The floor of the pulp chamber runs

parallel to the root and consists of dentin bordering the pulp chamber near the cervix of the tooth particularly dentin in the furcation area.

Floor

Roof

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Pulp space / root canal It will be appropriate to refer to as

pulp space. A straight pulp space extending the

length of the root is uncommon. All the pulp spaces are curved, but the

degree varies from sharp curvatures to gradual curvatures.

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Canal orifices The canal orifices are openings in the

floor of the pulp chamber leading into the pulp space.

The canal orifices are not separate structures but are continuous with the pulp spaces.

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Lateral canals Canal that is located approximately

right angles to that of the main canal extending from the main canal to the periodontal ligament, more frequently in the body of the root than in the base

Apical foramen

Lateral canals

Furcation canals

Pulp horn

Floor

Roof

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Periodontal vessels curve around the root apex of a developing tooth and often become entrapoped in the Hertwigs Epithelial root sheath resulting in the formation of lateral and accessory canals.

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Accessory canal Is one that branches off from the main

root canal usually somewhere in the apical region of the root.

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Anatomical Apex:

It is the most

tapered portion of

the root  

 

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Apical Foramen: (Major

diameter)

It is the terminal end of

the pulp space by which

it communicates with the

periapical region.

(Should not be confused

with other ramifications

such as accessory and

lateral canals)

Page 21: Anatomy of the pulp space

Apical constriction: (Minor

diameter)

Narrowest portion at the

terminal end of the pulp

space. It is

approximately 0.5 mm.

short of the apical

foramen and is said to

coincide with the cemento

– dentinal junction.

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Delta Delta formation describes the primary

or secondary canal that terminates short of the apex with lateral canals fanning out from this point to end of the root surface.

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In young persons the pulp horns are wide, apical foramina are broad and dentinal tubules are wide and regular with increase in age pulp horns recede and pulp chamber becomes smaller.

Pulp space becomes smaller from deposition of secondary and reparative dentin. .

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One canal at apex Type I :Single canal

extending from pulp chamber to the apex.

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Type II : Two canals leave the pulp chamber and joins short of the apex to form one canal.

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Type III : One canal leaves the pulp chamber, divides into

two, within the root and then merges to unite as one canal.

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Two Canals at apex

Type IV : Two separate canals from chamber to apex.

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Type V : Leaves pulp chamber as one and divides short of the apex into 2 separate apical foramina.

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Type VI : Two separate canals leave the pulp chamber and merge in the middle body of the root then re-divides short of the apex.

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Type VII : One canal leaves the pulp chamber divides and then rejoins within the body and finally re-divides into 2 distinct canals short of the apex

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THREE CANAL AT APEX. Type VIII : Three separate and distinct canals extend from pulp chamber to the apex.

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Pre dentin

Odontoblasts layer

Cell free zoneCell rich zone

Pulp core

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1) Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells2)Fibroblast3)Odontoblasts 4)Defense cells Histiocytes or macrophages -Mast cells -Plasma cells -Blood vascular elements

(neutrophils,lymphocytes,basophils ,monocytes)

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Nutrition: blood supply for pulp and dentin.

Sensory: changes in temp., vibration and chemical that affect the dentin and pulp.

Formative: the pulp involve in the support, maintenance and continued formation of dentin.

Defensive: triggering of inflammatory and immune response.

Protective: Development and formation of secondary and tertiary dentin which increase the coverage of the pulp

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