anatomy of lacrimal gland
TRANSCRIPT
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ANATOMY OF LACRIMAL apparatus
Angel Das
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The lacrimal apparatus consists of -Main lacrimal gland-Accessory lacrimal glands-Lacrimal passages -puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct.
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MAIN LACRIMAL GLAND It consists of an upper orbital and a lower palpebral part.1.Orbital part -situated in fossa for lacrimal gland -size of a small almond
-2 surfaces
Superior – contact with bone
Inferior – lies on levator palpebrae superioris
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2.Palpebral part
-consists of one or two lobule
- seperated by LPS muscle.
-Posteriorly-continuous with the orbital part.
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DUCTS OF LACRIMAL GLAND
10-12 ducts - open in the lateral part of superior fornix.
One or two ducts also open in the lateral part of inferior fornix.
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ACCESSORY LACRIMAL GLANDS
1.Glands of Krause -lying beneath the palpebral conjunctiva between fornix and edge of tarsus. -about 42 in the upper fornix and 6-8 in the lower fornix.2.Glands of Wolfring -present near the upper border of the superior tarsal plate and the lower border of inferior tarsus.
All lacrimal glands – serous acini similar to salivary glands
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BLOOD SUPPLY
supplied by lacrimal artery - a branch of ophthalmic artery.
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Lacrimal gland
NERVE SUPPLY
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LACRIMAL PASSAGES
1.Lacrimal puncta - small,rounded or oval openings on upper and lower lids, about 6 and 6.5 mm, respectively ,from the inner canthus. -Each punctum is situated upon a slight elevation called lacrimal papillae.
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2.Lacrimal canaliculi -superior and inferior canaliculi opens into the lacrimal sac. -Each canaliculus has two parts : vertical (1-2 mm) & horizontal(6-8 mm)
-The two canaliculi usually join together to form a common canaliculus which opens immediately into the outer wall of lacrimal sac.
-A fold of mucosa at this point forms the valve of Rosenmuller which prevents reflex of tears
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.3.Lacrimal sac-It lies in the lacrimal fossa formed by the lacrimal bone.-It is bounded by anterior and posterior lacrimal crests-when distended lacrimal sac is about 12-15 mm in length and 5-6 mm in breadth.3 parts : -fundus(portion above the opening of canaliculi) -body(middle part) -neck(lower small part which is narrow and continuous with the nasolacrimal duct).
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4.Nasolacrimal duct -It extends from the neck of lacrimal sac to the inferior meatus of the nose. -It is about 15-18 mm long and lies in a bony canal formed by maxilla and the inferior turbinate. -Direction of NLD is downwards,backwards and laterally. - Valve of Hasner –at the lower end of duct & prevents the reflux from nose.
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