ANATOMY OF G.I.T.ANATOMY OF G.I.T.

By Dr.Palresha’s By Dr.Palresha’s

MUSCLES OF ANTERIOR ABDOMENMUSCLES OF ANTERIOR ABDOMEN

4 Large muscles on 4 Large muscles on either side of the either side of the midline. midline.

They are ext. They are ext. oblique ,int. oblique, oblique ,int. oblique, transversus abdominis transversus abdominis & rectus abdominis.& rectus abdominis.

2 small muscles – 2 small muscles – cremaster & cremaster & pyramidalis.pyramidalis.

ACTIONS OF THE MUSCLESACTIONS OF THE MUSCLES

SUPPORT FOR ABDOMINAL VISCERA.SUPPORT FOR ABDOMINAL VISCERA.

EXPULSIVE ACTS – like micturation, defacation, EXPULSIVE ACTS – like micturation, defacation, parturition,vomiting etcparturition,vomiting etc

FORCEFUL EXPIRATORY ACTS- like coughing, FORCEFUL EXPIRATORY ACTS- like coughing, sneezing, blowing, shouting, etcsneezing, blowing, shouting, etc

MOVEMENTS OF THE TRUNK- flexion by rectus MOVEMENTS OF THE TRUNK- flexion by rectus abdominis, lateral flexion is done by one sided abdominis, lateral flexion is done by one sided contraction of oblique muscles , rotation by ext.oblique & contraction of oblique muscles , rotation by ext.oblique & internal obliqueinternal oblique

APPLIED ANATOMYAPPLIED ANATOMY Loose tone of Loose tone of

abdominal muscles abdominal muscles lead to umbilical hernia lead to umbilical hernia ,inguinal hernia, ,inguinal hernia, incisional hernia.incisional hernia.

Various surgical Various surgical /operative incisions are /operative incisions are taken here.taken here.

REGIONS OF THE ABDOMENREGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN THERE ARE 9 REGIONS OF THERE ARE 9 REGIONS OF

THE ABD. WHICH ARE THE ABD. WHICH ARE DIVIDED BY FOUR IMAGINARY DIVIDED BY FOUR IMAGINARY PLANES. PLANES.

The horozintal planes are the The horozintal planes are the transpyloric & trantubercular transpyloric & trantubercular planes.planes.

The vertical planes are the rt.& The vertical planes are the rt.& lt.lateral planes.lt.lateral planes.

Abd.part of Oesophagus Abd.part of Oesophagus Abd.part of esophagus – Abd.part of esophagus –

half inch long.half inch long. Enters abd. At level of Enters abd. At level of

T10.T10. Ends by opening into the Ends by opening into the

cardiac end of the cardiac end of the stomach at the level of stomach at the level of T11.T11.

Applied : oesophagial Applied : oesophagial varices ,achalasia varices ,achalasia cardia, cardia,

STOMACHSTOMACH LOCATION : lies obliquely in LOCATION : lies obliquely in

the lt. part of the abd. In the lt. part of the abd. In epigastric, umbilical & lt. epigastric, umbilical & lt. hypochondriac region.hypochondriac region.

SHAPE : empty- j shapeSHAPE : empty- j shape

Partially distended-piriformPartially distended-piriform

Obese- steerhorn stomachObese- steerhorn stomach

SIZE: 10 inch longSIZE: 10 inch long

Capacity :at birth- 30mlCapacity :at birth- 30ml

Puberty – 1000mlPuberty – 1000ml

adult- 1.5 – 2 litres.adult- 1.5 – 2 litres.