RTRMF- COLLEGE OF NURSINGQUIZ IN ANATOMYCHAPTER 1 – THE HUMAN ORGANISM

NAME: ___________________________________ DATE: __________ SCORE: ___________

I. Complete the following statements using the correct directional terms for human being.

1. The umbilicus is _________________ to the mammary.2. The heart is ____________________ to the sternum.3. The forearm is _________________ to the arm.4. The ear is ______________________ to the brain.

II. Identify the following body parts or area in medical term.

1. Armpit - _______________2. Thigh Region - ___________3. Buttock area - ____________4. Neck region - _____________5. Belly button area __________6. Genital area - _____________7. Anterior aspect of the elbow - ________________8. Posterior aspect of the head - ________________9. Area where trunk meets thigh - _______________10. Back area from the ribs to the hips - ____________11. Pertaining to the cheek - _____________________

III. MULTIPLE CHOICE. ENCIRCLE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. _____________ investigates the body's structure, whereas __________ investigates the processes or functions of living things.

A) Physiology, cytologyB) Physiology, anatomyC) Anatomy, histologyD) Histology, cytologyE) Anatomy, physiology

2. The study of tissues is calledA) cytology.B) anatomy.C) histology.D) anatomic imaging.E) physiology.

3. Ultrasound, X-rays, CT, and MRI are all examples ofA) anatomic imaging.B) surface anatomy.C) regional anatomy.D) gross anatomy.E) cytology.

4. A group of cells with similar structure and function, together with the extracellular substances located between them, form a(n)

A) organism.B) organelle.C) tissue.D) organ.E) organ system.

5. The basic living unit of all plants and animals is theA) cell.B) chemical.C) organ.D) organelle.E) tissue.

6. Which organ system removes substances from the blood, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fat from the digestive tract?

A) endocrineB) integumentaryC) lymphaticD) respiratoryE) urinary

7. Which organ system consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands?A) endocrineB) integumentaryC) lymphaticD) respiratoryE) urinary

8. Which organ system consists of hormone-secreting glands, such as the pituitary and thyroid glands?A) endocrineB) integumentaryC) lymphaticD) respiratoryE) urinary

9. Which of these characteristics of life helps maintain homeostasis when environmental conditions change?A) growth and developmentB) metabolismC) organizationD) reproductionE) responsiveness

10. Development is a process that begins with fertilization and ends withA) birth.B) adolescence.C) adulthood.D) old age.E) death.

11. Given these terms related to negative-feedback: 1. control center 2. effector 3. receptor 4. response 5. stimulus Arrange them in the correct order as they operate to maintain homeostasis.

A) 1,2,3,4,5 B) 2,3,5,1,4C) 3,2,1,5,4 D) 4,5,3,2,1E) 5,3,1,2,4

12. A body temperature of 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C) is the __________ for body temperature.A) constantB) lower limitC) normal rangeD) set pointE) upper limit

13. Which of these processes illustrates positive-feedback?A) increase in respiratory rate during exerciseB) increase in heart rate when blood pressure decreasesC) shivering when body temperature decreasesD) increase in uterine contractions when uterine stretching increases during childbirthE) all of these

14. Failure of negative-feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasisA) may produce disease.B) occurs when blood pressure increases during exercise.C) can be corrected by stimulating positive-feedback mechanisms.D) cannot be corrected by medical therapy.E) all of these

15. According to the concept of negative feedback, a slight increase in blood pressure causesA) an increase in heart rate.B) a decrease in heart rate.C) no change in heart rate.

16. To maintain homeostasis, the normal range of values for a variableA) is always below the set point.B) may change in different situations.C) may not deviate from the set point.D) occurs because of positive-feedback.

17. A term that means "away from the midline" is:A) distalB) lateralC) medialD) proximalE) superior

18. Which of these descriptions does NOT apply correctly to a person in the anatomic position?A) standing erectB) head facing forwardC) feet facing forwardD) arms hanging to the sideE) palms facing toward the thighs

19. The scapula (shoulder blade) is __________ to the lung.A) dorsalB) posteriorC) superficialD) all of these

20. The elbow is __________ to the wrist.A) distal B) inferiorC) lateral D) medialE) proximal

21. The nose is __________ and __________ to the ears.A) anterior, proximalB) superior, lateralC) inferior, posteriorD) anterior, medialE) superficial, medial

22. Which of the paired terms below are opposites?A) anterior and cephalicB) posterior and cephalicC) posterior and caudalD) superior and cephalicE) anterior and dorsal

23. Pancreatitis describesA) inflammation of the pancreas.B) removal of the pancreas.C) cancer of the pancreas.D) secretions from the pancreas.E) death of the pancreas.

24. A person lying flat on his back is said to be in the __________ position.A) anatomicB) proneC) supine

25. Given these directional terms: 1. caudal 2. cephalic 3. distal 4. inferior 5. proximal Which of these directional terms correctly describes the relationship of the ankle to the knee?

A) 1,3B) 1,3,4C) 2,3,4D) 3,4E) 4,5

26. Which of these anatomical terms refers to the ankle?A) cruralB) femoralC) carpalD) pedalE) tarsal

27. Which of these anatomical terms refers to the shoulder?A) acromialB) brachialC) cervicalD) clavicularE) digital

28. The only plane that can divide the body into equal halves is theA) frontal (coronal) plane.B) oblique plane.C) midsagittal plane.D) transverse plane.E) Serengeti plane.

29. A(n) __________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions.A) frontal (coronal)B) obliqueC) sagittalD) transverse

30. A cut across the long axis of an organ made at other than a right angle is called a(n)A) cross section.B) transverse section.C) oblique section.D) longitudinal section.

31. In which quadrant of the abdomen would stomach pain most likely be felt?A) lower leftB) lower rightC) upper leftD) upper right

32. Which of these structures is NOT found in the mediastinum?A) diaphragm B) esophagusC) heart D) thymus glandE) trachea

33. Which of these statements concerning body regions is correct?A) The pelvis is located between the thorax and abdomen.B) The leg extends from the knee to the ankle.C) The arm extends from the shoulder to the wrist.D) The trunk can be divided into the thorax and pelvis.E) The thorax is often subdivided superficially into four quadrants.

34. The cavity surrounded by the rib cage and bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm is theA) mediastinum.B) pericardial cavity.C) thorax.D) abdomen.E) pelvic cavity.

35. The lungs are separated by theA) mediastinum.B) mesenteries.C) diaphragm.D) peritoneal membranes.E) pelvic cavity.

36. Serous membranesA) line body cavities that open to the outside.B) produce a lubricating film of fluid.C) are found only on the walls of the thoracic cavity.D) separate the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.E) completely cover retroperitoneal organs.

37. The serous membrane on the surface of the lungs is calledA) parietal pericardium.B) visceral pericardium.C) parietal pleura.D) visceral pleura.E) parietal peritoneum.

38. Which of these organs is NOT retroperitoneal?A) adrenal glandsB) kidneysC) urinary bladderD) spleenE) pancreas

39. Given these serous membranes: 1. parietal pericardium 2. visceral pericardium 3. parietal peritoneum 4. visceral peritoneum 5. parietal pleura 6. visceral pleura A man had a knife wound that penetrated the abdomen, passed through the stomach, and hit the diaphragm, but did not pass all the way through. Arrange the serous membranes in the correct order as the knife passed through them.

A) 1,2,4,3,5B) 2,3,4,4,3,2C) 3,4,4,3D) 4,3,3,4,5E) 5,6,6,4

40. You are doing a handstand. Your head is __________ to your neck.A) superiorB) inferiorC) superficialD) medialE) proximal

IV.1. Describe in as many directional terms as you can the relationship between your kneecap and your heel.

2. During physical exercise, respiration increases. Two students are discussing the mechanisms involved: Student A claims they are positive feedback mechanisms, and student B claims they are negative feedback mechanisms. Do you agree with student A or student B, and why?

Answer key:

1. Inferior2. Posterior/dorsal or deep3. Distal or inferior4. Lateral

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

1. E2. C3. A4. C5. A6. C7. B8. A9. E10. E11. E12. D13. D14. A15. B16. B17. B18. E19. D20. E21. D22. E23. A24. C25. D26. E27. A28. C29. D30. C31. C32. A33. B34. C35. A36. B37. D38. D39. C40. A