anatomy bingo pick up the three sheets in the front of the room fill in the bingo card in a random...
TRANSCRIPT
Anatomy Bingo
• Pick up the three sheets in the front of the room
• Fill in the bingo card in a random order
• Test Next Class!
Elbow Anatomy
Elbow Anatomy - bones• Humerus
– medial epicondyle– lateral epicondyle
• Radius
• Ulna– Olecranon
Elbow Joint
• New seats today
• Complaining is expected
Elbow Region Joints
• 3 Main Joints:
– Humeroulnar Joint = “true elbow joint”
– Humeroradial Joint
– Proximal Radioulnar Joint
Humeroulnar Joint
• Synovial Joint - Hinge
• Movements:– Flexion– Extension
Humeroradial Joint
• Synovial Joint - Gliding or Plane
• No real “true” movement
Proximal Radioulnar Joint
• Synovial Joint - Pivot• Ligaments:
• Ulnar Collateral Ligament
• Radial Collateral Ligament
• Annular Ligament
• Movements:– Supination– Pronation
Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint
Annular Ligament
AnteriorMedialCollateralLigament
PosteriorMedial
CollateralLigament
Resists valgus forcesLimits extension
UCL
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Transverse ligament
Lateral Collateral
• Resists varus stress• Weaker than MCL• RCL
Elbow Movement & Limitations
Elbow Extension• Concavity (trochlear
notch) of ulna moves on the trochlea of humerus
• Extension limited by olecranon process into olecranon fossa
• No articulartion between radius and humerus in elbow extension
Elbow Flexion
• Coronoid process of ulna moves into the coronoid fossa of the humerus
• The radial head slides over the capitulum and enters the radial fossa
Elbow Movement & Limitations
Nerves• All of the nerves that
travel down the arm pass across the elbow
• Three main nerves begin together at the shoulder: the radial nerve, the ulnar nerve, and the median nerve.
• These nerves carry signals from the brain to the muscles that move the arm. The nerves also carry signals back to the brain about sensations such as touch, pain, and temperature.
Nerves
• Each nerve travels through its own tunnel as it crosses the elbow.
• Because the elbow must bend a great deal, the nerves must bend as well.
• Constant bending and straightening can lead to irritation or pressure on the nerves within their tunnels and cause problems such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the arm and hand.
Blood Vessels• The largest artery is the
brachial artery that travels across the front crease of the elbow. If you place your hand in the bend of your elbow, you may be able to feel the pulsing of this large artery.
• The brachial artery splits into two branches just below the elbow: the ulnar artery and the radial artery that continue into the hand.
• Damage to the brachial artery can be very serious because it is the only blood supply to the hand.
Blood Vessels
• basilic vein• it unites with the Median
antebrachial vein(s) to form the axillary v.
• basilic v. communicates with deep veins of the forearm through perforating veins, especially in the cubital region
Blood Vessels
• Cephalic Vein• It drains into the
Subclavin Vein• median cubital vein
usually pushes some of the blood collected by the cephalic v. to the basilic v.
Blood Vessels
• Median Cubital Vein• Some Blood runs
from the Cephalic Vein through the median Cubital into Basilic Vein
• The Most Common Vein for phlebotomists
Muscles
Anconeus
• Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus
• Insertion Lateral surface of olecranon
• Action Assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow joint;
• Innervation Radial nerve (C7, C8 and T1)
Anconeus
Biceps Brachii
• Origin• Short head: tip of coracoid
process of scapulaLong head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
• Insertion Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
• Action Supinates forearm and, when it is supine, flexes forearm
• Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6 )
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
• Origin Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
• Insertion Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
• Action Major flexor of forearm -- flexes forearm in all positions primarily pronated
• Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6)
Brachioradialis
O: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Styloid process of radius
N: Radial nerve
A: Flexes forearm after flexion has been started by biceps, semipronator and semisupinator
Brachioradialis
Brachioradialis
Triceps Brachii • Origin• Long head: infraglenoid
tubercle of scapulaLateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial grooveMedial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
• Insertion Olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm
• Action Chief extensor of elbow
• Long head extends the shoulder as well
• Innervation Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8)
Triceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Pronator Teres
O: Humeral head- medial epicondylar ridge and common flexor tendon
Ulnar head- coronoid process of ulna
I: Middle of lateral surface of radius
N: Median nerve
A: Pronates forearm, assists in flexing forearm
Pronator Teres
Palmaris Longus
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Transverse carpal ligament and palmar aponeurosis
N: Median nerve
A: Flexes wrist, assists in pronation and flexion of forearm
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Base of 2nd metacarpal
Action Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)
Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
olecranon and dorsal border of ulna
I: Pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
N: Ulnar nerve
A: Flexes wrist and assists in ADD, assists in flexing forearm
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O: Humeral head- medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head- coronoid process
Radial head- oblique line of radius
I: Palmar surface of middle phalanx of medial 4 digits
N: Median nerve
A: Flex middle and proximal phalanges of medial 4 digits, aids wrist and forearm flexion
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Deep Layer of the Forearm
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O: Volar surface of radius, interosseous membrane, coronoid process of ulna
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb on palmar surface
N: median nerve
A: Flexes thumb
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus
O: Distal 4th volar surface of ulna
I: Distal 4th of lateral border on volar surface of radius
N: median nerve
A: Pronates forearm
Pronator Quadratus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Dorsal surface of base of 2nd metacarpal
N: Radial nerve
A: Wrist extension, ABD of hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament
I: Dorsal surface of base of 3rd metacarpal
N: Radial nerve
A: Wrist extension, ABD hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Lateral and dorsal surface of phalanges of medial 4 digits
N: Radial nerve
A: Extends medial 4 digits, assists in wrist extension
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Dorsum of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: Radial nerve
A: 5th digit extension
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Medial side of base of 5th metacarpal
N: Radial nerve
A: Wrist extension, ADD hand
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Supinator
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral ligament of elbow and annular ligament, supinator crest and fossa of ulna
I: Lateral and anterior surface of radius
N: Radial nerve
A: Supinates forearm