Anatomy and Anatomy and Purpose of the Purpose of the

Respiratory Respiratory SystemSystem

Lack of Oxygen Video Intro

Describe what you saw happen to the cell’s internal functions with the depletion of oxygen.

- What would the consequences be to the organism if the situation was acute (not long)? Explain

- Would our body function properly if we had reduced oxygen flow? HINT: Think about what happens with Aerobic and Anaerobic Resp.

Group Discussion:Group Discussion: Share your knowledge of how energy is Share your knowledge of how energy is

created in the body.created in the body.

Explain what you know about how the Explain what you know about how the respiratory system works and how it can respiratory system works and how it can regulate energy creation.regulate energy creation.

(Why, when and how do we breath?)(Why, when and how do we breath?)

Human Lung Anatomy VideoHuman Lung Anatomy Video

The respiratory system consists The respiratory system consists of the of the respiratory tractsrespiratory tracts and and the the lungslungs..

Respiratory Tract ComponentsRespiratory Tract Components

Order of air passing through the tract:Order of air passing through the tract:

1.1. Nasal CavityNasal Cavity

2.2. PharynxPharynx3.3. Larynx Larynx http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=50EA330C-DFE3-4443-B142-111DD7DB0764&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

4.4. TracheaTrachea

5.5. BronchiBronchiAre there any organsAre there any organs

shared by different shared by different

organ systems?organ systems?

Components of the LungsComponents of the Lungs

1.1. Primary Bronchus Primary Bronchus (largest)(largest)

2.2. Secondary BronchusSecondary Bronchus3.3. Tertiary Bronchus Tertiary Bronchus (smallest)(smallest)

4.4. BronchioleBronchiole

5.5. AlveoliAlveoli

Alveoli: The Exchanger.Alveoli: The Exchanger.

The alveoli are tiny The alveoli are tiny sacs that allow Osacs that allow O22 to enter each sac, to enter each sac, and COand CO22 to leave to leave each sac.each sac.

RedRed = Oxygenated = Oxygenated blood.blood. BlueBlue = Deoxygenated = Deoxygenated bloodblood

AlveoliAlveoli Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the

end of each bronchiole end of each bronchiole Surrounded by capillariesSurrounded by capillaries Where exchange of Where exchange of

carbon dioxide and oxygen carbon dioxide and oxygen (via diffusion) takes place.(via diffusion) takes place.

Singular – Singular – alveolusalveolus There are millions!There are millions!

PleuraPleura A double membrane that A double membrane that lines the lungs and adheres lines the lungs and adheres to the walls of the rib cage to the walls of the rib cage

DiaphragmDiaphragm • Dome shaped muscle between the chest and the abdomen that the body uses for breathing

Why OWhy O22 and CO and CO22??

1.1. We need carbs (glucose) for “fuel”.We need carbs (glucose) for “fuel”.2.2. Fuel needs to be Fuel needs to be oxidizedoxidized to release energy. to release energy. (Oxygen is bonded with the molecules)(Oxygen is bonded with the molecules)3.3. The carbohydrate molecule rearranges itself The carbohydrate molecule rearranges itself

to create different molecules.to create different molecules.

(C(C66HH1212OO66 + O + O22 = 6H = 6H22O + 6COO + 6CO22 + Energy) + Energy)

4.4. Energy is released, and biproducts are Energy is released, and biproducts are discarded or reused.discarded or reused.

HH22O reused, O reused,

COCO22 released via lungs. released via lungs.

How does breathing How does breathing work?work? Breathing is an Breathing is an

involuntary action involuntary action meaning that it occurs meaning that it occurs without conscious without conscious thoughtthought

However, breathing is However, breathing is in fact controlled by a in fact controlled by a structure in the brain structure in the brain called the medulacalled the medula

Why does your breathing Why does your breathing rate increase during and rate increase during and after exercise?after exercise?

Physical activity requires increased energy Physical activity requires increased energy production production

Thus, your muscles must consume more O2 to Thus, your muscles must consume more O2 to release more energy release more energy

As a result of respiration, more CO2 is producedAs a result of respiration, more CO2 is produced The increased levels of CO2 in the blood flowing The increased levels of CO2 in the blood flowing

to your brain is a signal to the medulla to to your brain is a signal to the medulla to increase breathing rateincrease breathing rate

WHY?WHY? To remove CO2 and replenish O2 at a faster rateTo remove CO2 and replenish O2 at a faster rate

CO2

O2

78 % Nitrogen

21 % Oxygen

1 % Other gases

Composition of AirComposition of Air

Inhaled Air78% Nitrogen

21% Oxygen

0.04% Carbon Dioxide

<1% Other Gases

Exhaled Air78% Nitrogen

16% Oxygen

5% Carbon Dioxide

<1% Other Gases

Gas Exchange with Gas Exchange with the Lungsthe Lungs

Gas Exchange- What is it?Gas Exchange- What is it?

Two gases, OTwo gases, O2 2 and CO and CO22 switch places switch places

OO2 2 moves from the alveoli to the capillariesmoves from the alveoli to the capillaries

COCO2 2 moves in the opposite direction, from moves in the opposite direction, from

the capillaries to the alveolithe capillaries to the alveoli This occurs by This occurs by diffusion:diffusion:

The movement of molecules from a region The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low of high concentration to a region of low concentration concentration

Basic Diffusion DiagramBasic Diffusion Diagram

Diffusion of Carbon Diffusion of Carbon DioxideDioxide Blood arriving at the Blood arriving at the

alveolus is alveolus is deoxygenated:deoxygenated: Low in O2Low in O2 High in CO2High in CO2

The concentration of The concentration of CO2 inside the CO2 inside the alveolus is lower than alveolus is lower than in the cappilaryin the cappilary

Thus, CO2 diffuses Thus, CO2 diffuses into the alveolusinto the alveolus

Diffusion of OxygenDiffusion of Oxygen

Blood arriving at the Blood arriving at the alveolus has a low alveolus has a low concentration of O2concentration of O2

But air entering the But air entering the alveolus has a high alveolus has a high concentration of O2concentration of O2

Thus, O2 diffuses Thus, O2 diffuses from the alveolus from the alveolus (high conc.) into the (high conc.) into the capillary (low conc.)capillary (low conc.)

Oxygenated blood leaving the alveolus

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONCELLULAR RESPIRATION

CC66HH1212OO66 6 O 6 O2 2 6 CO 6 CO22 6 H 6 H22OO

→→++ ++ ENERGYENERGYGlucoseGlucose OxygenOxygen Carbon Carbon DioxideDioxide WaterWater

If all the elements, Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen can be counted for, where does the energy come from? The BONDS holding the molecules together!The BONDS holding the molecules together!

Crash Course: ATP and Respiration VideoCrash Course: ATP and Respiration Video

Lack of Oxygen Video Intro

Synergy QuestionsSynergy Questions

Human Body ProjectHuman Body Project