anatomy and physiology tissue types. prefixes, suffixes, and roots uni – one multi – many pseudo...
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Anatomy and Physiology
Tissue Types
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Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots
• Uni – one• Multi – many• Pseudo – false• Osseous – bone• Nucleate – nucleus• Histo- tissue• Epi – above
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Key Terms
• Histology:– the study of tissues
• Tissues:– groups of cells which are similar in
structure and which perform common or related functions
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Four Basic Kinds of Tissues
• Epithelial Tissue• Connective Tissue• Muscle Tissue• Nervous Tissue
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Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue Locations:• Covers the body; has one
unattached surface• Lines the cavities, tubes,
ducts and blood vessels inside the body
• Covers the organs inside body cavities
Epithelial Tissue Functions:• Protection from physical &
chemical injury,• Protection against
microbial invasion,• Contains receptors which
respond to stimuli,• Filters, secretes &
reabsorbs materials• Secretes serous fluids to
lubricate structures.
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Types of Epithelial Tissue
• Simple squamous epithelium• Stratified squamous epithelium• Simple cubodial epithelium• Simple columnar epithelium• Pseudostratfied columnar epithelium
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Squamous Epithelium Simple – a single Simple – a single
layerlayer squamous – flatsquamous – flat Lines alveoli of Lines alveoli of
lungs, which allows lungs, which allows the passive the passive transport of gases.transport of gases.
Stratified – several Stratified – several layerslayers
Forms the epidermis Forms the epidermis of the skinof the skin
Simple Squamous
Stratified Squamous
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Cuboidal Epithelium
• Simple – one cell thick• Roughly cube shaped Line ducts in Line ducts in
kidneys, etc, where kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and reabsorption and secretory activities secretory activities take place.take place.
Duct
Cuboid Cells
Duct
Cuboid Cells
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Columnar Epithelium
• Simple – one cell thick• Column shaped (long &
narrow)• Line digestive tract
where reabsorption & secretion occurs.
Pseudostratified – Pseudostratified – gives the gives the appearance of appearance of more than one more than one layer of columnar layer of columnar epithelial cellsepithelial cells
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Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Location:• Most abundant & widely
distributed tissue
Connective Tissue Functions:• Connects, binds and
supports structures– Tendons, ligaments, etc.
• Protects & cushions organs and tissues
• Insulates (fat)• Transports substances
(blood)
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Connective - Adipose
• Honeycomb or chickenwire appearance
Stores energy (fat)Stores energy (fat) InsulatesInsulates Supports & protects Supports & protects
organsorgans
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Connective – Bone (Osseous)
• Tree ring-like appearance
Supports & protects Supports & protects Mineral storageMineral storage Fat storageFat storage Blood cell Blood cell
productionproduction
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Connective - Blood
• Only fluid connective tissue
Removes wastes Removes wastes from cellsfrom cells
Supplies nutrients Supplies nutrients and oxygen to cellsand oxygen to cells
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Connective – Hyaline Cartilage Supports while Supports while
providing flexibilityproviding flexibility Absorbs Absorbs
compression compression between bones in between bones in joints (articular joints (articular cartilage)cartilage)
Holds open Holds open respiratory respiratory passages passages
Most abundant type Most abundant type of cartilage in bodyof cartilage in body
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Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue Location:• Associated with the bones
of the skeleton, the heart, and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body.
Muscle Tissue Functions:• Movement• Locomotion• Maintains posture• Produces heat• Facial expressions• Pumps blood• Peristalsis
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Muscle - Skeletal• Muscle fibers (cells)
long, parallel & cylindrical
• With many nuclei (multinucleate)
Striations (cross Striations (cross stripes run stripes run perpendicular to perpendicular to the cellsthe cells
Produce voluntary Produce voluntary movementmovement
LocomotionLocomotion HeatHeat
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Muscle - Smooth• Spindle-shaped cells
with central nuclei• Arranged to form sheets• No striations
Pushes substances Pushes substances or objects (food, or objects (food, urine, babies) urine, babies) through through passagewayspassageways
Involuntary controlInvoluntary control
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Muscle - Cardiac• Branching, striated,
uninucleate with special intercalated discs
Contracts to propel Contracts to propel blood into blood into circulationcirculation
Involuntary controlInvoluntary control
branches
Intercalated disc
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Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue Location:• Main component of the
nervous system, ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves.
Nervous Tissue Functions:• Regulates & controls body
functions– Generates & transmits nerve
impulses – Supports, insulates and
protects impulse generating neurons.
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Nervous – Neuron
Branching cells with Branching cells with many long many long processesprocesses
Large central Large central nucleusnucleus
Regulates activities Regulates activities by transmitting by transmitting impulses from one impulses from one area of the body to area of the body to anotheranother
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Resource
• Adapted from the Anatomy PowerPoint of J. A. Giacobbe, South Pointe High School, Phoenix, AZ