Group 4

• Đỗ Nguyễn Xuân Thảo• Cao Thị Thắm• Ngụy Như Ngọc• Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Châu• Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Yến• Nguyễn Thị Thùy Dương• Lê Thị Hồng Hạnh• Đặng Hoàng Huy• Lê Tuấn Vũ

Anaphoric ReferenceAnaphoric Reference

Anaphoric referenceAnaphoric reference

AnaphoraAnaphora

CataphoraCataphora Zero anaphora or ellipsis

Zero anaphora or ellipsis

Indirect anophoraIndirect anophora

e.g. In the film, a man and a woman were trying to wash a cat. The man was holding the cat while the woman poured water on it. He said something to

her and they started laughing

a man , a woman, a cat

a man , a woman, a cat

the man, the woman, the cat, it, they, he, her

the man, the woman, the cat, it, they, he, her

After the initial introduction of some entity, speakers will use various expressions to maintain reference, generally known as Anaphoric Reference

Anaphoric Reference

Anaphora is a subsequent reference to an already introduced entity. Mostly we use anaphora in a text to maintain reference.

Anaphora is a subsequent reference to an already introduced entity. Mostly we use anaphora in a text to maintain reference.

Can I borrow your book? Yeah, it is on the desk.Can I borrow your book? Yeah, it is on the desk.

The initial expression is antecedent and the second or subsequent expression is the anaphor

book=antecedent, it= anaphor

Anaphora has the pattern: antecedent-anaphor

The initial expression is antecedent and the second or subsequent expression is the anaphor

book=antecedent, it= anaphor

Anaphora has the pattern: antecedent-anaphor

I turned the corner and almost stepped on it. There was a large snake in the middle of the path.

It = anaphor; a large snake= antecedent

I turned the corner and almost stepped on it. There was a large snake in the middle of the path.

It = anaphor; a large snake= antecedent

Anaphor-antecedent (anaphor precedes the antecedent) is the pattern of Cataphora

Anaphor-antecedent (anaphor precedes the antecedent) is the pattern of Cataphora

Put the chicken in the pan and fry it for 10 minutesPut the chicken in the pan and fry Ǿ for 10 minutes Ǿ= it=the chicken

Put the chicken in the pan and fry it for 10 minutesPut the chicken in the pan and fry Ǿ for 10 minutes Ǿ= it=the chicken

When the interpretation requires reader or listener identify an entity without linguistic expressionThe use of zero anaphora clearly creates an expectation that the listener will be able to infer who or what the speaker intends to identify

When the interpretation requires reader or listener identify an entity without linguistic expressionThe use of zero anaphora clearly creates an expectation that the listener will be able to infer who or what the speaker intends to identify

As with other types of reference, the connection between referent and anaphora may not always be direct. Making sense this requires an inference to make the anaphoric connection

As with other types of reference, the connection between referent and anaphora may not always be direct. Making sense this requires an inference to make the anaphoric connection

I was waiting for the bus, but he just drove by without stoppingI was waiting for the bus, but he just drove by without stopping

He driver person driving the bus the busHe driver person driving the bus the bus

Reference words and phrases

Personal pronouns I, he, she, it, we, you, they

Demonstrative pronouns This, that, these, those

Quantifiers Most, many, few, several, etc

Paired pronouns One/another/the other, some/(the) others

Ordinal numbers One, two, three, the first, the fourth, the last

Thanks for listening !!!