an_analog control sytem

8/12/2019 AN_Analog Control Sytem

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UTOM TICCONTROL SYSTEM


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B SIC CONCEPTS Process Controls consists of two parts :

The Process

The Control E!ipments

The Control E!ipments broa"l# consists of

Meas!rement S#stem

Comparator

$ee"bac% &nit

Controller

$inal Controllin' Elements


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AUTO CONTROL TERMINOLOGY.

Measured value: The actual value of process

parameter measured ! a measur"#$ eleme#t.

%et &o"#t: The po"#t at 'h"ch the co#troller "s

ad(usted to re$ulate the process.

Co#troller: A dev"ce 'h"ch measure the value of a

var"ale a#d operate to correct or l"m"t the dev"at"o#

of measured value from a selected refere#ce.

)ev"at"o#: The departure from the des"red value .)ead a#d: The cha#$e throu$h 'h"ch the "#put to

a# "#strume#t ca# e var"ed '"thout "#"t"at"#$

"#strume#t respo#se.


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$inal control Element: Component of a control s#stemwhich "irectl# re'!late the "esire" process*

$ee" bac%: In a control loop, it is information abo!t thestat!s the controlle" variable which is compare" withthat which is "esire"*

Sensitivit#: The minim!m chan'e of inp!t to which thes#stem is capable to respon"*

Repeatabilit#* The closeness of a'reement amon' an!mber of consec!tive meas!rement of an o!tp!t for

the same val!e of the meas!re" si'nal* +!ntin' : scillation or c#clin' of a meas!re" variable

ca!se" b# the control s#stem*


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UTOM TIC CONTROLLERBLOCK DI GR M

Co#trollerComparator Actuator &rocess

*eedac+ Measureme#t

%et &o"#t

*eedac+

Error

,-

r

e

m

c

u


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B SIC CONTROLSCHEMES

n/off Control

Time Proportion Control

Proportional Control

Proportional/Inte'ral P/I Control Proportional 3erivative P/3 Control

Proportional/Inte'ral/3erivative PI3 Control

Ratio Control

Spilt Ran'e Control

Casca"e Control

$ee"/forwar" Control


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DV NCE CONTROLSCHEMES

M!lti/variable State Control*

Pro'ramme Control

5"aptive Control


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T7PE $ C8TR9 9PS

O&EN LOO& CONTROL %Y%TEM OLC%/

Ope# co#f"$urat"o#0 s!stem do #ot ta+e a#! feedac+ from

process. E1ample ru##"#$ a fa#0 pump0 ope#"#$ or clos"#$ a

valve2damper etc.

CLO%E) LOO& CONTROL %Y%TEM CLC%/

The s!stem has feed ac+ from the process. The co#trolled

var"ale "s co#sta#tl! measured0 a#d "f0 dev"at"o# from

prescr"ed set po"#t0 correct"ve act"o# "s appl"ed to the f"#al

eleme#t so as to retur# the co#trolled var"ale to the des"red

value.


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ON-O** CONTROL T3O &O%ITION CONTROL/

The co#trol mecha#"sm hav"#$ o#l! t'o d"screte values of

output0 full! ON or full! O**.

&RO&ORTIONAL CONTROL:

The co#troller output "s proport"o#al to the d"ffere#ce

et'ee#

the measured var"ale a#d set po"#t ".e. error s"$#al.

RE%ET OR INTEGRAL CONTROL:

Reset act"o# "s def"#ed as a co#troller respo#se0 'h"ch "s

proport"o#al to the e1te#t a#d durat"o# of the s"$#al

dev"at"o#.The reset act"o# "s used to$ether '"th proport"o#al act"o#

&,I/

RATE OR )E4IATION CONTROL:It "s def"#ed as the art of the co#troller res o#se 'h"ch "s


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ON-O** CONTROL OR T3O &O%ITION CONTROL

5eater Co#troller

Temp.

%e#sor


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%ET &OINT

Co#troller

Co#trol 4alveLevel Tra#sm"tter

IN

OUT

&I) LE4EL CONTROLLER


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CA%CA)E CONTROL:

Cascade co#trol "s a tech#"6ue that uses t'omeasureme#t a#d co#trol to ma#"pulate a s"#$le f"#al

co#trol eleme#t. Its purpose "s to prov"de "#creased

sta"l"t! of process co#trol. The relat"o#sh"p that e1"sts

et'ee# co#trollers "s referred to as a master-slave orpr"mar!-seco#dar! relat"o#sh"p. The master or pr"mar! "s

the co#troller of the var"ale 'hose value "s pr"mar!

"mporta#ce. The slave or seco#dar! co#troller has var"ale

'hose value "s "mporta#t o#l! as "t affects o# the pr"mar!

var"ale.


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Master Co#troller

%lave Co#troller

%team I#let

*eed 3ater

&roduct Out

Co#trol 4alve

*lo' Measureme#t

CA%A)E CONTROL


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U#co#trolled *lo'

Co#trolled *lo'

&ROCE%%

Co#trol 4alve

Rat"o

Co#troller

RATIO CONTROL


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*actors to e co#s"dered 'h"le

select"#$ su"tale co#trol s!stem.

3h"ch var"ale "s to e co#trolled7

3h"ch detect"o# method "s to e used.

Ra#$e of the pr"mar! measur"#$ u#"t.3here the measureme#t "s to e ta+e#.

3hat t!pe of f"#al co#trol eleme#t "s used7

The process la$.

5o' f"#e co#trol "s re6u"red5o' much s!stem cost versus s!stem eff"c"e#c!

e evaluated


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POWER PL NTUTO CONTROLLOOPS


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Presentation o!tline

5!to loop s#mbols$ee" water;"r!m level controls

$!rnace press!re ControlsP5 +E53ER PRESS&RE C8TR9SMill 5ir flow an" temp controlsComb!stion controls5ir flow controls


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UTO CONTROLTUNING


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COMPONENTS OF CONTROL LOOP

se#sor &rocess

%et po"#t

%&/

&rocess

value

&4/

*"#al

Co#trol

Eleme#t

)"stura#ce

Controller

/ Pr T


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LOOP TUNING 9P CRSS C&P9I8?

5ir $low S53C $!rnace Press!re

S+ Temp 3r!m 9evel

Mill air flow P5 hea"er press!re

+P+ .5 level +P+ -5 9evel

T&8I8? STR5TE?IES:

/ 5''ressive, best possible performance

/ Mo"erate, !st optim!m performance


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EX MPLES OF CONTROLLERS INPL NT

PRESS&RE$!rnace Press!re

?lan" Steam Press!re

P5 +ea"er Press!re

T!rbine Throttle Press!re

9E=E93r!m level

3eaerator 9evel

+otwell 9evel

+P+;9P+ 9evel

$9A

Total 5ir $low

CEP Min Recirc $low

Mill 5ir $low

?SC Min $low

TEMPER5T&RE

S+ Temp

R+ Temp

Mill ;9 Temp

+P>P Temp

SPEE3

T!rbine, >$P, I3 $an

3I$$ PRESS

S53C, $RS/3P


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CONTROL SYSTEM


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CONTROL SYSTEM

PROGRAMMING & MMIPIS M & S

CONFIGURATION SYSTEM CLOCK

SG- C&I BOP- C&I TG- C&I

SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM

3CS


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SG-C&I SYSTEM

C8SISTS $ : >&R8ER M585?EME8T S7STEM>MS,

ST >9AER C8TR9 S7STEM S>C,

SEC835R7 5IR 35MPER C8TR9 S7STEM

S53C,

5&DI9I5R7 PR3S C8TR9S 5PR3S

$R >MS, S5$ET7 S7STEMF +5R3A5RE IS

SPECI$IE3, i*e* T+E +5R3A5RE , A+IC+ MEETS T+E

REG&IREME8T $ RE9E=58T 8$P5 583 =3E

ST5835R3SH


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SG-C&I SYSTEM TRIP9E RE3&8358T C8$I?&R5TI8 $R T+E

$&R85CE 2 &T $ ( PRTECTI8 M$T PRTI8$ >&R8ER M585?EME8T S7STEM>MS

$R S>C,S53C,5PR3S,MI99 I9 E9E=*

SEG&E8CE, I8TER9C@ 583 PRTECTI8,C8$I?&R5TI8 SIMI95R T 9CS;C9CS*

$R MI99 I9 E9E=* 9?ICS, S5$ET7 S7STEM

+5R3A5RE 5S PER ST5835R3 S+599 >E &SE3*


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TG-C&I SYSTEMC8SISTS $ :/

T&R>I8E PRTECTI8 S7STEM TPS, 5&TM5TIC T&R>I8E R&8/&P S7STEM5TRS,

5&TM5TIC T&R>I8E TESTI8? S7STEM5TT,

E9ECTR/ +73R5&9IC T&R>I8E C8TR9S7STEM E+TC $RM5I8 >$P T&R>I8E,

T&R>I8E STRESS C8TR9 S7STEM TSCS,

?9583 STE5M PRESS&RE C8TR9

?E8ER5TR SE59 I9, PRIM5R7 A5TER +73R?E8 C8TR9 S7STEM


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TG-C&I SYSTEM TRIP9E RE3&8358T R 2 D 100 J REPE5TE3 TAICE

C8$I?&R5TI8 $R T+E T&R>I8E PRTECTI8S7STEMTPS*

$R TPSS, S5$ET7 S7STEM +5R3A5RE ; $5I9/S5$E

+5R3A5RE S+599 >E &SE3 A+IC+ MEETS T+E

REG&IREME8T $ RE9E=58T 8$P5 583 =3E

ST5835R3SH

$R T+ERS, C8$I?&R5TI8 SIMI95R T

9CS;C9CS T >E &SE3


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BOP-C&I SYSTEM

C8SISTS $ PE8 9P C8TR9 S7STEM9CS 583 C9SE3 9P C8TR9 S7STEMC9CS

9CS /T+E SEG&E8CE C8TR9, I8TER9C@ $599 T+E P958T S7STEMS A+IC+ 5RE 8TC=ERE3 I8 T+E S?/CI 583 T?/CI* T+ISI8C9&3ES M5KR 5&DI9I5RIES 9I@E $3;I3;P5 $58S,

5IR/PRE+E5TER, >$P;CEP;CAP; >CAP ,3MCAP;C9CAP 583 E9ECTRIC59 >RE5@ERS*


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BOP-C&I SYSTEM C9CS /T+E M3&95TI8? C8TR9 $R =5RI&S

IMPRT58T P958T P5R5METERS, 9I@E $A $9A

3R&M 9E=E9, $&R85CE 3R5$T, CM>&STI8

C8TR9 $&E9 $9A 583 5IR $9A, P5 +3R

PRESS&RE C8TR9,3E5ER5TR ; +TAE99 ;

+E5TER 9E=E9 C8TR9S ETC*


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an_analog control sytem

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